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1.
Dynamics of the accumulation of total ash and zinc, and their relationships with total dry matter, crude proteins and phytic acid during maize grain maturation were investigated. The investigation was carried out on normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over two consecutive vegetation years.
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability. 相似文献
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability. 相似文献
2.
The changes in the amounts of dry matter, total nitrogen and methionine during maturation of normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions on two consecutive vegetation years were examined.
Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl's method and methionine spectrophotometrically from papain hydrolysate by the method of McCarthy and Sullivan. Analysis of variance was applied to assess the significance of the changes in particular components during grain maturation.
A significant increase (p = 0.01) in amounts of the all investigated components in original grain matter up until a late stage of dough maturity in both vegetation years was determined. The increase was mostly expressed by the end of milky maturity. The correlation between these components during maturation is positive and highly significant (p = 0.001). The methionine content in dry matter attained in stage of milky maturation the value being characteristic for mature grain. On a total-proteins basis, the methionine content is significantly the least (p = 0.01) at the early stage of milky maturation and increases up until dough maturity reaching a value that does not significantly differ from the value in full maturity of grain. 相似文献
Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl's method and methionine spectrophotometrically from papain hydrolysate by the method of McCarthy and Sullivan. Analysis of variance was applied to assess the significance of the changes in particular components during grain maturation.
A significant increase (p = 0.01) in amounts of the all investigated components in original grain matter up until a late stage of dough maturity in both vegetation years was determined. The increase was mostly expressed by the end of milky maturity. The correlation between these components during maturation is positive and highly significant (p = 0.001). The methionine content in dry matter attained in stage of milky maturation the value being characteristic for mature grain. On a total-proteins basis, the methionine content is significantly the least (p = 0.01) at the early stage of milky maturation and increases up until dough maturity reaching a value that does not significantly differ from the value in full maturity of grain. 相似文献
3.
Correlation between lysine, tryptophan and prolamine contents during maturation of the maize kernel
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year. 相似文献
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year. 相似文献
4.
植酸是谷物种子磷的主要贮存形式,降低玉米籽粒中植酸磷含量对减少粪磷污染有重要意义。利用田间试验,研究了不同供磷水平对2个玉米品种生长期间不同部位磷含量与籽粒植酸磷积累的影响。结果表明：施用磷肥可以提高2个玉米品种籽粒中总磷和植酸磷的含量以及积累量;金海5号的植酸磷含量与积累量均高于浚单20;植酸磷占全磷的比例在50％－62％之间,高植酸品种金海5号略高于低植酸品种浚单20;随着施磷肥水平的增加,降低了2个品种根、雄穗、穗轴等部位的磷转移率,但各部位转移到籽粒中的总磷的比例受施磷影响较小;玉米乳熟期穗位叶、苞叶、完熟期籽粒磷含量及磷积累量与植酸磷积累量成显著正相关。 相似文献
5.
不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆脱水特性和激素含量变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性和内源激素含量与平衡的变化,以期为黄淮海夏玉米机械化收获籽粒和高产高效品种筛选提供理论依据。以早熟玉米品种登海518(DH518)、衡早8号(HZ8)和晚熟玉米品种郑单958(ZD958)、登海605(DH605)为试验材料,研究玉米籽粒形成过程中干物质积累、水分含量及内源激素含量变化。结果表明,早熟品种较晚熟品种灌浆期短,籽粒开始脱水早,脱水速率高,生理成熟期粒重低,产量低,但早熟品种中DH518的产量显著高于HZ8。不同熟期玉米品种籽粒内源激素含量及其变化模式不同,但同一激素含量随籽粒发育的变化趋势一致。两早熟品种籽粒的ABA含量高于两晚熟品种,尤其表现在灌浆中后期。各品种籽粒灌浆、脱水速率均与内源激素含量有关,两早熟品种的籽粒脱水速率与玉米素核苷(ZR)含量呈显著正相关。 相似文献
6.
种植方式对陆稻和水稻磷素吸收利用的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以陆稻中旱3号和水稻武香粳99-8为材料, 设置覆膜旱种和裸地旱种2种方式, 以水层湿润灌溉为对照, 研究了种植方式对磷(P)素吸收利用的影响。结果表明, 与水种(对照)相比, 中旱3号覆膜旱种的产量显著降低, 而武香粳99-8覆膜旱种的产量则无显著差异, 裸地旱种的产量均显著降低。旱种使稻株的含P率和P素累积量下降, 但生育后期含P率下降速度变慢, 并且使P素在叶片中的分配比例下降, 茎鞘中的分配比例陆稻显著增加, 水稻覆膜旱种显著增加, 裸地旱种显著减少。旱种可增加P素物质生产效率, P素籽粒生产效率因覆膜与否而异。与武香粳99-8相比, 中旱3号生育后期稻株含P率低且下降慢, P素累积量少, P素在叶片和穗部的分配比例较高, P素物质生产效率、P素籽粒生产效率和P素收获指数均增加, P素分配比例和P素籽粒生产效率在不同种植方式下变化幅度小。稻株的P素累积量与不定根数、根重和产量呈极显著正相关(r1 = 0.8227**, r2 = 0.7928**, r3 = 0.7344**)。表明旱种对P素吸收利用的影响因旱种方式和品种类型不同而有较大差异, 旱种能增加P素的物质生产效率。 相似文献
7.
采用防雨池栽方法研究了不同灌溉条件下两种栽培类型燕麦白燕7号皮燕麦（Avena sativa L.）和内农大莜一号裸燕麦（Avena nuda L.）籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质、钙、镁、钾、锌、铁、铜、锰含量变化特征。随灌水次数和灌水量的增加,内农大莜一号裸燕麦籽粒总磷和铜含量呈线性变化,籽粒产量、植酸、钙、镁、钾、锌、锰含量变化呈二次函数;白燕7号皮燕麦籽粒（去壳）锌和铁含量呈线性变化,植酸、总磷、粗蛋白、钙、镁含量呈二次函数变化。 相似文献
8.
为探明甬优12超高产群体的氮素吸收与积累特征,2013—2014年,对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、超高产(13.5 t hm–2)3个产量群体的氮素吸收与积累特征等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明,与高产和更高产群体相比:(1)超高产群体拔节期植株含氮率较低,抽穗期和成熟期植株含氮率高于对照。超高产群体拔节期氮素吸收量较低,抽穗和成熟期氮素吸收量较高。(2)超高产群体播种至拔节期氮素积累量和积累比例低于对照;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期植株氮素积累量和积累比例高于对照。播种至拔节期氮素积累量与产量呈极显著线性负相关,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期植株氮素积累量与产量呈极显著线性正相关。(3)超高产群体抽穗期和成熟期茎鞘、叶片和穗部氮素吸收量较高,且花后茎鞘氮素转运量和穗部氮素积累量也较高。花后茎鞘氮素转运量与实产呈显著线性正相关;穗部氮素积累量与实产呈极显著线性正相关。(4)甬优12超高产群体氮素吸收利用参数为,籽粒生产率50.8 kg grain kg~(–1)、百千克籽粒吸氮量1.97 kg、氮肥偏生产力42.1 kg kg–1、氮收获指数0.552。本研究表明,与一般高产群体相比,甬优12超高产群体氮素吸收具有拔节前较低、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期高的特点;促进花后茎鞘氮素转运量有利于提高水稻产量。甬优12超高产群体百千克籽粒吸氮量2.0 kg左右,其氮素利用效率较低,在其超高产栽培管理中应重视氮素的高效利用。 相似文献
9.
甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质性状间的相关性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【研究目的】为探讨不同田间环境条件下,同一甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型各品质性状之间的相关关系,【方法】以甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型GH01为材料,研究了由播期与密度形成的9种田间环境条件下粒色及其它主要品质性状间的相关性。【结果】结果表明：黄籽度与胚含油量、种子含油量间呈明显的负相关关系（相关系数分别为r=-0.6617和r=-0.7458*）,胚含油量与胚蛋白质含量、种子含油量之间仍保持着极其显著的负相关和正相关关系（相关系数分别为r=-0.9071**和r=0.8973**）。【结论】甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽度、种子含油量之间的相关关系随供试基因型的不同而发生变化,但另一些品质性状（含油量、蛋白质含量）间的相关关系并不因供试基因型间的差异而改变。 相似文献
10.
Stage-to-stage changes in leaf percentage, crude protein concentration and in vitro true disgestibility of alfalfa herbage materials of the same age and common harvest dates across there different growing season were determined. Leafiness decreased with advancing crop maturity. Herbage leaf content was closely associated with the total herbage C P and IVTD. When leaf percentage was regressed on quality measures of C P and IVTD, the regression analysis provided highly significant linear relationship for CP(r2 = 0.823), IVTD (r2 = 0.854) for alfalfa crop diverse in stand and canopy ages, stages of maturity and across locations and seasons of the year. These relationships indicated practical applicability of the use of crop leafiness for predicting the herbage quality. 相似文献
11.
H. F. W. Rattunde 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(1):33-36
Landrace cultivars represent potentially valuable source material for breeding dual-purpose (grain and stover) sorghums. To characterize the genetic variation and interrelationships for major agronomic traits among potential dual-purpose sorghum landraces, 74 accessions, primarily from Southern Africa, the Sudan, and India, were evaluated in five environments at Patancheru, India. These environments, at 17°N with 520-540 mm rainfall during the growing season, are representative of the major sorghum-growing areas in India and the Sudanian Zone of Western and Central Africa. Significant genetic variation and high heritabilities (P = 0.01, h2= 0.63-0.92) were observed for seedling vigour, grain and stover yields, growth rate and harvest index. Time to flower was correlated with stover yield (r = 0.48, P = 0.01) and an index (Iev) of total economic value (r = 0.44, P = 0.01) but not with grain yield (r = 0.22, P = 0.05). Grain and stover yields varied independently (r = 0.22, P = 0.05) and were similarly related to Iev, values (r = 0.79 and r = 0.77 (P = 0.01), respectively). The 13 landraces with the highest Iev values (adjusted for maturity) had above-average growth rates and harvest indices that ranged from 20 to 38%. Landraces from Botswana and India were more highly represented in the high Iev set than in the full set of accessions. 相似文献
12.
玉米花粒期不同阶段遮光对籽粒品质的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
选用高淀粉玉米费玉3号和普通玉米泰玉2号,大田条件下分别于花粒前期（授粉后1~14 d）,中期（15~28 d）和后期（29~42 d）遮光（透光率45%）处理,研究了对籽粒品质和籽粒中蛋白质、淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响,以及影响品质的关键时期。结果表明,花粒期遮光显著降低了籽粒产量、容重、淀粉直/支比、淀粉及其组分含量,遮光后淀粉RVA谱特征值峰值黏度（PV）、热浆黏度（HV）及崩解值（BD）下降,而籽粒含水率、粗蛋白及其各组分含量、谷/醇比、粗脂肪含量、亚油酸含量、亚麻酸含量、亚油酸/亚麻酸比值以及不饱和脂肪酸含量均升高;遮光显著降低了籽粒蛋白质和淀粉合成关键酶活性,腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ADPGPPase）、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UDPGPPase）、淀粉合酶（SSS）、束缚态淀粉合酶（GBSS）活性与籽粒淀粉含量、容重、峰值黏度和崩解值呈显著正相关,谷氨酰胺合酶（GS）和谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）活性与蛋白质含量和谷/醇比也呈显著正相关。不同时期遮光对两品种玉米品质性状的影响基本一致,前期遮光处理对籽粒商品品质(容重,含水率)影响大,而中期遮光对籽粒营养品质影响大。可见花粒中前期的光照强度对籽粒品质形成具有关键作用,后期光强对其影响较小。 相似文献
13.
磷营养对水稻籽粒锌生物有效性的影响及其与植酸等磷酸肌醇谱含量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作物籽粒锌缺乏所导致的“隐性饥饿”已威胁到全世界1/3人群的健康。为明确磷对水稻籽粒锌的生物有效性的影响,利用大田磷肥长期定位试验,并结合稻穗离体培养技术,探讨了不同外源磷浓度下水稻籽粒锌的生物有效性的变化及其与籽粒植酸等磷酸肌醇谱含量的关系。试验表明高磷处理显著增加水稻籽粒中植酸磷和总磷的含量,以及不同价位磷酸肌醇(InsP1-6)含量,其中以高价磷酸肌醇(InsP4-6)在磷供给下的增幅最为显著。与籽粒植酸的变化趋势相反,高磷水平降低了稻米中锌的含量及其有效性。稻穗离体培养中,高磷(P12)处理相比无磷(P0)对照,籽粒锌的有效性降幅高达81.3%。因此,过量磷肥投入会通过显著提高水稻籽粒中的植酸及高价磷酸肌醇含量,在同步降低籽粒锌含量的同时,进一步显著降低其在水稻籽粒中的生物有效性。 相似文献
14.
四川盆地9000kg hm~(-2)产量潜力小麦品种的花后冠层结构、生理及同化物分配特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地小麦高产育种取得了突破性进展,但高产生理研究相对滞后。本研究以2011—2015连续5年的田间试验,比较了高产和一般产量潜力品种花后群体冠层结构、主要生理指标和同化物的转运分配特性,旨在揭示四川小麦9000 kg hm-2高产品种的生理基础。选择代表性高产潜力品种和一般产量潜力品种各3个,高产潜力品种产量平均9422 kg hm~(-2),比一般产量潜力品种高14.3%,增产原因是生物量或收获指数的提高。相比一般产量潜力品种,高产潜力品种旗叶短且宽,长宽比低于10,开花初期至灌浆中期叶基角和开角增加明显。开花至灌浆后期,高产潜力品种顶三叶的SPAD值及花后0 d和20 d的群体光合速率显著高于一般产量潜力品种,群体光合速率以10:00–12:00的差异最大。此外,高产潜力品种在开花期茎鞘生物量所占比例较高,而成熟期籽粒所占比例较一般产量潜力品种高1~4个百分点。籽粒产量与小麦形态、生理参数关系密切,与灌浆期旗叶基角(r=0.947,P0.01)和倒二叶基角(r=0.963,P0.01)呈正相关,与旗叶长宽比(r=-0.913,P0.01)和倒二叶长宽比(r=-0.911,P0.01)呈负相关;与开花期顶三叶SPAD值呈正相关,r值分别为0.75、0.90和0.82(P0.01);与成熟期穗轴干重比例呈负相关(r=-0.956,P0.01)。本研究表明,株高适中、株型紧凑,花后冠层叶绿素含量和群体光合速率较高,以及合理的物质分配,是高产潜力品种获得高产的生理基础。 相似文献
15.
玉米、小麦、水稻及豆类籽粒中的植酸, 通常被看作抗营养因子, 所以培育低植酸作物具有重要的应用价值。本试验通过对20份玉米自交系的无机磷含量分析, 发现齐319的无机磷含量接近0.93 mg mg-1, 远高于一般材料(0.15 mg mg-1)。进一步分析表明, 其植酸磷含量为1.31 mg mg-1, 与意大利Nielsen实验室2003年报道的玉米低植酸突变体lpa24/ lpa2411植酸磷含量(1.20 mg mg-1)接近, 显著低于Lpa241/Lpa241野生型和常规的玉米自交系(>2.8 mg mg-1)。对齐319低植酸性状的初步遗传分析表明, 其控制基因呈隐性遗传并可能与lpa241/lpa241基因等位, 但与lpa241/lpa241突变体中肌醇-3-磷酸合成酶(MIPS)蛋白表达量下降不同, 齐319的MIPS蛋白质表达量显著增加, 暗示二者的低植酸性状都与MIPS的异常表达有关, 但二者的控制机理不同。 相似文献
16.
麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae F.）危害对春小麦面粉品质性状及面团流变学特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用2个抗麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae F.)小麦材料及4个感蚜材料, 利用人工接种方法研究了该蚜虫危害对小麦面粉品质的影响。结果表明, 蚜虫取食对面粉颗粒度没有显著影响, 但可引起小麦面粉灰分含量显著增加, 蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、面团筋力、膨胀指数、面团延伸性、面团弹性、弹性指数显著降低, 从而降低面粉品质。抗蚜小麦04-9284、C272及感蚜硬质小麦甘春20部分品质指标不发生变化或变化程度低于其他3个感蚜软质小麦。5个软质小麦蚜量高峰值与膨胀指数、面团弹性、SDS沉降值、面团筋力和蛋白质含量品质的降低幅度呈正相关, 相关系数分别为0.9968、0.9619、0.9310、0.9108和0.8886, 均达显著水平; 与灰分含量、面团延伸性和弹性指数相关性不显著。甘肃兰州拉面专用品种甘春20在高密度蚜虫危害后, 面粉品质下降, 但依然符合该专用粉的最适品质要求。 相似文献
17.
为了探明肥料类型及施用方式对香稻香气2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉的影响及其生理基础的影响,以大面积推广应用的香稻品种玉香油占为研究材料开展大田试验。试验设置深施肥和常规手撒施肥2种施肥方式处理,施用碳酸氢铵+过磷酸钙+氯化钾处理和复合肥处理2种肥料类型处理,各肥料处理均含有等质量的氮磷钾养分。研究了香稻成熟期籽粒香气2AP的含量,分蘖期、孕穗期、扬花期和成熟期香稻叶片的脯氨酸含量、脯氨酸脱氢酶活性、吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶活性、鸟氨酸转氨酶活性和吡咯啉-5-羧酸含量。结果表明,肥料类型、肥料施用方式和两者互作均显著影响香稻籽粒香气2AP含量,其中常规手撒施用碳酸氢铵+过磷酸钙+氯化钾肥料处理利于香稻籽粒积累显著较高的香气2AP含量,达59.86 ng/g;香稻籽粒香气2AP含量和成熟期叶片的吡咯啉-5-羧酸含量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.957 1*)。该研究可为制定香稻浓香施肥技术提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
18.
灌浆期温度对两种类型小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及植株氨基酸含量的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
以扬麦9号和徐州26两个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种为材料,利用人工气候室模拟灌浆期高温环境,研究了高温对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分和植株游离氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,高温处理显著提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质及清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量,但降低了谷蛋白含量,导致麦谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值降低。与适温处理相比,高温提高了地上部营养器官中游离氨基酸含量,显著降低了灌浆后期籽粒游离氨基酸含量。表明高温下提高的营养器官游离氨基酸含量及籽粒对氨基酸的快速利用是籽粒蛋白质含量增加的生理原因。此外,发现籽粒中蛋白质及其组分形成所需的适宜昼夜温差随不同小麦品质类型而异。 相似文献
19.
Exogenous Glycinebetaine Enhances Grain Yield of Maize, Sorghum and Wheat Grown Under Two Supplementary Watering Regimes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
P. C. Agboma M. G. K. Jones P. Peltonen-Sainio H. Rita E. Pehu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,178(1):29-37
Drought occurring at critical growth and developmental stages in cereals affects productivity by reducing biomass accumulation, grain set, and grain yield and quality. Maize (cv. SR-73), sorghum (cv. Trump), and wheat (cv. Spear) were established in drought-prone field conditions in Perth, Western Australia, in l994. The plants were then subjected to optimal and suboptimal supplementary watering regimes at growth stages that were sensitive to water availability. Glycinebetaine in aqueous solution was applied to leaves at three rates (2, 4 and 6 kg ha?1 and a control) to establish whether its application could ameliorate the effects of drought on the yield of the crops. Above-ground biomass production was measured at the beginning and at termination of the watering regimes. Leaf tissue glycinebetaine concentrations were determined 1 and 3 weeks after application. At physiological maturity, grains from the crops were harvested and grain yield, number of grains m?2 and single grain weight were recorded. Drought significantly reduced above-ground biomass production in maize (P = 0.047), but not in sorghum and wheat. Grain yield of maize, number of grains m?2 of maize and sorghum, and single grain weight of sorghum were significantly depressed by drought. Foliar application of aqueous glycinebetaine marginally enhanced biomass production in the three crops and significantly increased grain yield of maize (P = 0.001) and sorghum (P = 0.003). It also resulted in more grains m?2 of maize, sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), with interactions between water and glycinebetaine treatments for sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001 and 0.001. respectively). Residual tissue glycinebetaine levels remained high 3 weeks after application to the crops. The positive effects of glycinebetaine treatment appear to be linked to its physiological role as a plant osmoticum that improves drought tolerance. The results of these studies suggest that foliar application of glycinebetaine may be used to improve drought tolerance and economic yield of maize and sorghum, but not of wheat. Increased grain yield was associated with more grains m?2 rather than greater single grain weight. 相似文献
20.
Influence of genotype on phosphate uptake and utilization efficiencies in spring barley 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
To investigate the genetic variation of phosphate (P) uptake and P utilization efficiency, 24 high-yielding spring barley cultivars were grown in two pot experiments on a loess loam-sand mixture. In the first experiment, the plants grew until maturity under P stress (50% of the maximum yield), and in the second experiment, the plants grew until the stage of tillering (DC 25) at a low or at a high P supply.
At maturity, the range between cultivars with the highest and the lowest values were 30% for total dm yield (grain and straw), 28% for grain yield, 24% for P uptake efficiency (P in grain and straw), 26% for P concentration in grains and 24% for P utilization efficiency quotient PEQ (g dm grain per mg P in shoots) (mean of all cultivars = 100%). Grain yield was correlated with P uptake per plant, r = 0.71***, and with PEQ, r = 0.60**. Between P uptake and PEQ, there was only a weak relationship (r = −0.14). Therefore, a combination of high uptake efficiency and high PEQ in a cultivar may be possible.
At growth stage DC 25, the cultivars showed a significant variability in shoot biomass, P concentration, P removal, P influx, acitvity of acid phophatases (Pase) and root length. The ranking of the cultivars, however, was very different at the two P levels, but the root-length and the Pase activity were more influenced by genotype than by the P supply.
As the relationships between grain yield, P removal, PEQ and the characters of the young plants cultivated under P stress were very weak (r < 0.43), selection for P efficiency at the stage of tillering cannot be recommended. 相似文献