共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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花生蛋白粉溶液流变学特性及功能性的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
用旋转粘度计对花生蛋白粉溶液的流变学特性进行了研究。探讨了不同花生蛋白浓度、pH、温度对其溶解性、粘度、起泡性、持水性的影响。实验结果表明,当pH在4.2~5.3范围内为其等电点,此时花生蛋白粉的溶解性、粘度、起泡性、持水性最低,在其两侧这些特性逐渐增强;随着温度升高花生蛋白粉的粘度、持水性下降,而起泡性增加;当温度超过70℃时,为花生蛋白溶液大幅度变性的临界温度,其溶解度显著下降,3%花生蛋白粉溶液的起泡性最高。花生蛋白粉的粘度随浓度增大而增大,为非牛顿型流体,具有剪切稀化现象 相似文献
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油菜为十字花科芸苔属植物,因其籽实可以榨油,故得名。油菜是产油效率最高的油料作物之一,油用比例为100%;菜籽油是我国传统的食用油,2009年菜籽油已占国内油料作物总产油量的57%以上,是国产食用植物油的第一大来源,在我国食用油市场中具有举足轻重的地位。然而, 相似文献
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燃用植物油柴油机的改进及耐久性试验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
植物油黏度比较大,挥发性比较差,很难直接在柴油机上使用。该文通过对L28柴油机进行调整改进,提高喷油压力和加装燃油加热装置,进行燃用植物油的耐久性试验,考察柴油机燃烧植物油的可行性。试验过程中发现了柴油机长时间燃用植物油存在的一些问题,并对耐久试验前后的燃油消耗率、碳烟和排气温度进行了对比和分析。试验结果表明:柴油机长时间燃用植物油,会在油嘴、气门、活塞头部、气缸套顶部产生积炭;植物油渗漏污染机油;燃用植物油运行100h后,其燃油消耗率、碳烟及排气温度的变化不大。 相似文献
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直接用植物油做柴油机燃料的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前,国内外用植物油做农业动力代用燃料的研究相当活跃。本文根据作者多年来的大量试验研究,就植物油做燃料的理化特性,它在燃烧室中的燃料过程,直接使用植物油做燃料对各型柴油机的适应性,各种植物油的短期性能试验和用菜籽油进行的长期试验作一简要介绍。并对植物油燃料的前景进行了粗浅的分析。 相似文献
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为了探讨致孔剂对植物油包膜尿养分释放特性的影响,该研究通过25、30、35℃恒温静水培养方法对植物油包膜尿素养分释放特征曲线、肥效期、温度依存性以及养分释放活化能等进行了研究。结果表明:添加致孔剂ST(淀粉)和致孔剂SB(黏土矿物)均能加快植物油包膜尿素养分释放,均能缩短肥效期,当致孔剂ST用量从0增加至5%时,肥效期从122.20 d缩短为54.76 d,而添加不同用量致孔剂SB的植物油包膜尿素养分释放特征曲线基本重合;添加致孔剂ST植物油包膜尿素温度依存性Q10随用量增加而减小,而添加致孔剂SB则随着用量增加而增大;添加致孔剂会减小植物油包膜尿素养分释放活化能,当致孔剂ST和致孔剂SB用量分别为3%、4%时,养分释放活化能分别较不添加处理减少了40.20、23.28 kJ/mol。该文可为今后致孔技术在控释肥料研制中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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食用植物油是通过植物生产转化太阳能而形成的一种可再生资源。它不仅可食用,同时也是石化柴油的替代能源之一。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,每天将产生大量的废食用油。为解决废食用油的排放所造成环境的污染及能源的浪费问题,对废食用油制得柴油机的代用燃料进行了试验研究。提出了用废食用油经酯交换反应制成柴油替代燃料的方法和工艺流程,得到了提高反应产率的最佳工艺参数。研究表明:在反应温度70℃,油醇摩尔比为1∶6,以NaOH为催化剂且浓度为1.0%,反应时间为20~30 min时,用废食用油经酯交换反应制得脂肪酸甲酯的产出率为92%。 相似文献
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不同有机物投入对新垦耕地红壤肥力及蔬菜生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[目的]比较不同有机物对新垦山地土壤的培肥效果,为开展新垦耕地后续培肥管护提供科学依据。[方法]在新垦山地红壤地,以3种不同有机物投入为因素,以空白为对照,在一年三熟蔬菜种植模式下,经连续3年小区试验,比较其对新垦耕地红壤肥力及蔬菜生长的影响。[结果]在3种有机物中,商品有机肥无论是在土壤培肥方面还是在蔬菜作物生产方面,均能体现出最佳效果。[结论]商品有机肥可作为新垦红壤地区施用的外源有机物之一予以推荐。而食用菌废渣的效果次之,可作为替代物品,水稻秸秆效果较差。 相似文献
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基于颜色及纹理特征的果蔬种类识别方法 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
为更好地表述果蔬图像纹理特征,提高智能果蔬识别系统识别准确性,提出一种颜色完全局部二值模式纹理特征提取算法。果蔬识别系统模型利用颜色完全局部二值模式提取图像纹理特征,利用HSV颜色直方图、外点/内点颜色直方图提取图像颜色特征,采用匹配得分融合算法将颜色和纹理特征相融合,采用最近邻分类器实现果蔬农产品分类。通过不同光照条件下和不同数量训练样本条件下的试验得出:颜色完全局部二值模式的果蔬图像纹理表述能力明显优于和差直方图等果蔬图像纹理操作子,识别率提升最小在5%以上,更适合果蔬分类;对比其他纹理特征提取算法,采用颜色完全局部二值模式与颜色特征进行融合时,识别率最优,时间开销约为1.1 s。该方法能够应用到智能果蔬识别系统中,提升系统识别准确性。 相似文献
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Keihan Mani Lindborg Christian Trgrdh Ann-Charlotte Eliasson Petr Dejmek 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(1):49-55
The shear viscosity of three doughs of different wheat cultivars mixed to a farinograph level of 500 BU was measured at low shear rates as a function of the shear deformation using a cone-and-plate viscometer. Cyanoacrylate adhesive was used to attach the dough samples to the instrument surfaces to eliminate wall slip. Flours used were Dragon, Kosack, and a fodder wheat. A distinct difference was observed between the viscosities of the different flour cultivars. The strongest dough (Dragon), with the highest protein content and a good resistance in the farinograph, had the highest maximum viscosity. The doughs showed distinct strain hardening, more pronounced for the strong doughs. Maximum viscosity was obtained at a strain of ≈4, almost independent of the shear rate, but at higher values for stronger doughs (5 for Dragon, 4 for Kosack, and 3.5 for fodder wheat). The maximum was most pronounced for well-mixed doughs after resting. The viscosity and its variation with strain may be used as a measure of quality; a higher viscosity and a maximum occurring at high strains indicating good quality (related to the farinogram). The viscosity gradually decreased at higher strains. Apparent viscosity increases with strain and reaches a maximum value at a common strain, which suggests the presence of entangled molecules. The increase of maximum viscosity with increase in mixing also supports this theory. Resting the dough increases the maximum viscosity, which suggests the formation of new cross-links in the nonequilibrium entangled network during resting. 相似文献
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选取福州城郊典型蔬菜种植区,调查分析了猪粪农用和污灌对土壤和蔬菜铬含量的影响。结果表明:施用猪粪及污灌条件下菜地土壤铬含量是未施用猪粪菜地土壤的1.35~2.75倍;蔬菜各器官铬浓度顺序为根〉叶〉茎;施用猪粪及污灌后,蔬菜不同器官铬浓度提高到未施用猪粪的1.14~5.82倍,尤其是食用块茎铬浓度提高最大;施用猪粪及污灌后,铬元素在蔬菜各器官的分配格局发生改变,根部份额减小,茎、叶份额增大(尤其食用部位),以马铃薯食用块茎铬浓度份额增大最明显。因此,畜禽养殖废物农用增加了蔬菜食用的安全风险。 相似文献
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic relationships and diversities of Chinese
vegetable mustards. Fourteen pairs of primers generated a total of 366 scorable fragments among 16 accessions of Brassica juncea studied, of which 296 bands were polymorphic with an average of 21.1% polymorphic bands per primer combination. Genetic similarities
were obtained using Nei and Li similarity coefficients, and a dendrogram of the 16 accessions was made by UPGMA clustering
method. The Nei and Li Similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. This result indicated that the 16 accessions
of B. juncea possessed high level genetic variations. The cluster analysis showed that the vegetable mustards could be grouped into two
main groups and some minor rami, which was partially in accordance with the traditional classification that based on different
edible organs of vegetable mustards. The incongruity between morphological and molecular classification might be attributed
to the high selection pressure during domestication of Chinese vegetable mustards, producing some accessions with similar
genetic backgrounds evolving into abundant morphological variations. The great diversification among Chinese vegetable mustards
not only provides an excellent object for molecular evolution research of B. juncea but also is of great value for widening the genetic basis of breeding programs and breeding materials selection. Besides,
our study also indicates that AFLP are informative and can provide significant insights for genetic diversity research in
B. juncea. 相似文献
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不同施肥模式对蔬菜产量、硝酸盐含量及菜地氮磷流失的影响 总被引:8,自引:5,他引:8
通过一年三茬蔬菜田间试验,研究了7种不同施肥模式(即,不施肥,化肥基施,化肥基追肥各半,化肥和双氰胺基施,化肥和双氰胺基追肥各半,化肥和有机肥各半,有机肥)对蔬菜产量、硝酸盐含量及菜地氮、磷随地表径流流失的影响。结果表明,化肥和有机肥各半、化肥和双氰胺基施等两种施肥模式,不仅能使蔬菜获得较高的产量,硝酸盐含量较低,还能明显减少蔬菜种植期间菜地硝态氮、铵态氮和水溶性总磷随地表径流的流失量,从而减少了菜地土壤造成的农业面源污染,值得在今后蔬菜生产上加以推广应用。 相似文献
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蔬菜清洗机不同清洗模式的节水比较 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
蔬菜清洗过程中最大的消耗资源是水,耗水量不仅与清洗方式有关,也与用水模式有关.为研究耗水量与蔬菜清洗用水模式的关系,该文在蔬菜清洗试验结果的基础上,提出了针对清洗机设备耗水量的科学评价方法,通过设计多种蔬菜清洗用水模式,采用理论分析的方法,对清洗过程中清洗水浊度的变化规律建屯了数学模型,分析计算了清洗不同脏污程度蔬菜需要的耗水量,研究结果表明多槽清洗模式可以大大减少耗水量,该项研究为实际生产中制定清洗工艺提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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本文研究了两种蔬菜在γ射线的作用下叶片组织电阻和离子外渗电导率的变化。结果表明 :①γ射线对植株造成的辐射损伤首先表现在叶片上 ,叶片是植株对电离辐射比较敏感的部位 ;②叶片组织电阻动态变化曲线的峰值幅度与叶片抗γ射线辐射的能力相对应 ,对γ射线抗性强的叶片 ,其峰值的幅度也高 ,曲线峰值的高低可作为衡量和预测蔬菜对γ射线抗性强弱的指标 ;③与离子外渗电导法相比 ,叶片组织电阻法可以灵敏地反映出同一植株上、下部叶片之间对γ射线抗性的差异 ;④从叶片组织电阻和叶片离子外渗的动态曲线可以定量地确定蔬菜的致死剂量。 相似文献
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Rheological properties of intermediate moisture (35-45% wet basis) doughs from pregelatinized and raw wheat starch blends of various ratios were characterized using off-line capillary rheometry and online slit-die extrusion. In the case of capillary rheometer, viscosity of blends decreased by up to 50% as pregel starch concentration increased from 5 to 45%, whereas tests could not be conducted beyond 45% pregel starch concentration. For slit-die extrusion, viscosity was at a minimum at 60% pregel concentration, and it decreased by as much as 65% as pregel concentration increased from 0 to 60%. As pregel concentration increased (from 5 to 45% for the rheometer and from 0 to 60% for the extruder), the amount of water available in the system for gelatinization of existing raw starch granules decreased due to the stronger water-binding capacity of pregelatinized starch. This led to decreased additional conversion in the rheometer and extruder, which in turn caused a decrease in the volume fraction of starch and a reduction in viscosity. 相似文献