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1.
Molecular differentiation in 24 accessions representing 19 taxa of Indian Citrus has been examined through sequence analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA. Sequence length in the 24 accessions of Citrus taxa ranged from 512 to 665 bp (ITS1 & ITS2 partial and 5.8S complete sequence). The ITS sequences were very rich in G+C content ranging from 61.40 to 66.60% with an average of 64.2%. Genetic distance within Citrus group ranged from 0 to 13.4% with an average of 4.6%, showing moderate rate of nucleotide divergence. The phylogeny was inferred using the Maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) methods. Both MP and NJ trees separated all the 24 accessions of Citrus into six distinct clusters. The disposition of all the accessions of Citrus in separate clusters in ITS-derived dendrograms was partly in accordance with the morpho-taxonomic affinities of the target taxa. This study supports the concept of Citrus medica (citron), C. reticulata (mandarin), and C. maxima (pummelo) as the basic species of the genus. However, ITS marker could not find any clear cut differentiation between subgenera Citrus and Papeda as proposed in Swingle’s Citrus classification system. The present study also supports the distinctiveness of C. indica (Indian wild orange), C. latipes (Khasi papeda) and C. hystrix (Melanesian papeda) as true species, besides elucidating the probable hybrid origin and relationships among the cultivated species/biotypes, such as Citrus ×aurantiifolia (sour lime) C. ×limon (lemon), C. ×taitensis (Indian rough lemon), C. limettioides (sweet lime), C. ×aurantium (including sour and sweet oranges and grapefruit), and other indigenous varieties of Indian origin: C. megaloxycarpa (sour pummelo), C. karna (karna orange), C. pseudolimon (Hill lemon), ‘Memang athur’, ‘Pummelo-lemon’ and ‘Kathairi nimbu’.  相似文献   

2.
Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among 50 wild and cultivated accessions of 19 Indian Citrus genotypes were examined through comparison of Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD) markers and morphological characters. DAMD-PCR analysis with four primers resulted in amplification of a total of 45 bands, of which 35 (78 %) were polymorphic. Morphometric evaluation using 76 morphological characters showed high level of variability ranging from 0.18 to 1.00 (avg 0.39), whereas the Jaccard’s coefficient values of genetic similarity calculated from DAMD data ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 (avg 0.68), indicating moderate genetic divergence among the accessions studied. UPGMA dendrograms generated separately from morphometric and DAMD data segregated all the accessions of Citrus into four main clusters, each containing a true basic species and their probable hybrids. The grouping of individual accessions/genotypes under respective species or cultivars in DAMD dendrogram was based purely on their genetic relationships rather than geographical origin. There was no absolute congruence between the data and dendrograms generated from morphometric and DAMD analyses. The study demonstrates the resolving power of DAMD markers for discrimination of individual genotypes of Citrus under its respective species, hybrid or cultivar groups and inferring their genetic and phylogenetic relationships as well. This is the first report on application of DAMD markers in Citrus.  相似文献   

3.
We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among Citrus and its relatives, including 29 genotypes belonging to Citrus, Poncirus, Fortunella, Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, Atalantia and Severinia using AFLP analysis. Cluster analysis was conducted using neighbour joining (NJ) method. The results demonstrated that Poncirus, Microcitrus and Eremocitrus are distant from Citrus. A strong affiliation exists between C. halimii and Fortunella and the results did not support C. halimii as the fourth basic species. Further evidence was provided that P. polyandra should not be the hybrid between trifoliate orange and Citrus genotypes and it deserves species status. Neither the separation of subgenus Papeda and Citrus nor the separation of subgenus Archicitrus and Metacitrus were clearly resolved in the dendrogram. C. ichangesis is a distinct species very different from other Citrus genotypes, and the results showed it is improper to classify it into subgenus Metacitrus. C. reticulata, C. maxima and C. medica were separated into three distinct clusters. Therefore if only cultivated Citrus species are considered, the three basic species concept is acceptable. However, it is not applicable for whole genus Citrus.  相似文献   

4.
Citrus depressa Hayata is an indigenous mandarin species on the Ryukyu Islands located in the subtropical region of Japan. We deduced its phylogenetic relationships by evaluating accessions grown on various Ryukyu Islands via cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis of cpDNA and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). The cpDNA results indicated that C. depressa could be classified into two types. SRAP revealed patterns of diversity within C. depressa consistent with our cpDNA results. These results indicate that maternal origin may influence or is correlated with the constitution of the nuclear genome of C. depressa. Another Japanese mandarin species, Citrus tachibana (Makino) Tanaka was distinguished from C. depressa by SRAP markers. Moreover, both C. depressa and C. tachibana could be distinguished from other Citrus species. Our results suggest that Japanese mandarin possesses a characteristic genome with the genus Citrus.  相似文献   

5.
A genomic DNA library enriched with GA/TC repeats from Camelina sativa variety Calena has been analysed. After sequencing of about 200 randomly selected clones, approximately 60 % of them showed to contain simple or compound microsatellites with a high number of repeats. Among all microsatellite markers analysed 15 primer pairs amplified polymorphic fragments. Forty C. sativa accessions of different origin were genotyped with 15 microsatellite markers that generated 134 alleles with an average of 8.93 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) among the accessions ranged from 0.0 to 0.15 with an average of 0.0370, whereas the average of expected heterozygosity (He) among accessions was 0.2769. The analysis of the average total heterozygosity (HT = 0.651), the intrapopulation genetic diversity (HS = 0.260), the interpopulation genetic diversity (DST = 0.391) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations (GST = 0.574) demonstrated that 57.4 % of the genetic diversity is among the accessions, while 42.6 % resides within them. Phylogenetic tree of the 40 C. sativa accessions was constructed based on Nei’s genetic distance. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram shows, except for CAM108 and CAM170, a clear discrimination among C. sativa accessions grouping them in five subgroups. ANOVA analysis indicates significant differences in some biochemical and agronomic parameters among the C. sativa accessions grouped according to Nei’s genetic distance. The result of the Tukey HSD test demonstrated that the A4 subgroup showed a significant higher TWS and linoleic acid (LA) content, while the subgroup A1 showed a significant higher linolenic and lower LA content compared to the remaining groups.  相似文献   

6.
Aloe species, which have been used as medicinal plants, belong to the Asphodelaceae family consisting of 530 species. In this study, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 40 Aloe species including a putative interspecies hybrid were analyzed using PCR band profiles from eight chloroplast intergenic space markers and nucleotide sequence diversity in the psbK–psbI intergenic region. A phylogenetic tree based on psbK–psbI sequences supported the revised classification of the genus Aloe as polyphyletic with several species be re-allocated into three genera Kumara, Aloidendron, and Aloiampelos. Further, the origin of the putative interspecies Aloe hybrid was characterized through molecular cytogenetics. Fluorescence and genomic insitu hybridization illustrated that the hybrid has a bimodal karyotype with a chromosome complement of 2n = 14, of which complementary halves were derived from two parental species, A. vera and A. arborescens. These findings revealed that the hybrid species was allodiploid. The phylogenetic analysis showed that A. arborescens was the maternal genome donor of the hybrid, as both have identical chloroplast genome sequences. We thus conclude that the allodiploid hybrid should be called A. arborescens × A.vera.  相似文献   

7.
A total of 198 accessions representing 18 species of the genus Cajanus, assembled at the ICRISAT genebank, was characterized for 27 morpho-agronomic traits at ICRISAT farm, Patancheru, India. Newman–Keuls test of significance for mean values indicated significant differences among the species for one or more traits under study. Mean diversity for all traits was maximum in C. scarabaeoides (H′ = 0.590 ± 0.010). First three principal components (PCs) captured 84.3 % of total variation among all species. Cluster analysis resulted in three clusters. C. albicans and C. mollis formed Cluster 1; C. cajanifolius, C. crassus and C. platycarpus formed Cluster 2 and C. acutifolius, C. scarabaeoides, C. lineatus and C. sericeus formed Cluster 3. C. platycarpus for extra early flowering (34–40 days); C. scarabaeoides for early flowering (51–118 days); C. albicans for broad pods; C. mollis, C. albicans, C. cinereus for more seeds per pod (>6) and C. crassus, C. cajanifolius, C. mollis, C. platycarpus and C. albicans for high seed protein (>30 %) were found as promising sources. Long duration perennial species such as C. crassus, C. mollis and C. albicans are good sources for forage. Five accessions (ICP 15661, ICP 15664, ICP 15666, ICP 15668 and ICP 15671) of C. platycarpus, two accessions (ICP 15653 and ICP 15658) of C. mollis and one accession each of C. acutifolius (ICP 15611), C. albicans (ICP 15620), C. cajanifolius (ICP 15632), C. crassus (ICP 15768), C. lineatus (ICP 15646), C. scarabaeoides (ICP 15922) and C. sericeus (ICP 15760), found as promising for multiple trait combinations are useful in pigeonpea improvement programs.  相似文献   

8.
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), known as one of the most desirable tropical fruits of Southeast Asia, has been considered as an obligate agamospermous hybrid, thought to have arisen from two wild species, G. celebica L. (syn. G. hombroniana Pierre) and G. malaccensis Hook. f. However, this putative origin was based on a misidentification of G. malaccensis, which was confused for G. penangiana Pierre. Intensive field studies and molecular investigations based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data of 22 samples were conducted, which included six samples of true G. malaccensis. Morphological observation shows that mangosteen highly resembles G. malaccensis, particularly in its vegetative and fruit characters, even sharing similar taste of ripe fruits. ITS data revealed that mangosteen shared more than 99 % of its sequence with G. malaccensis with a few accessions identical with wild populations in Peninsular Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that clades of mangosteen are paraphyletic per se, but monophyletic if both mangosteen and G. malaccensis are grouped together. This show that mangosteen and G. malaccensis are so closely related that they should be combined together as one species. I propose two theories on the origin of mangosteen, first, that it is a hybrid of different varieties of G. malaccensis, and second, that it may be a product of multiple, superior selections from different populations of female trees of G. malaccensis originating in Peninsular Malaysia.  相似文献   

9.
Genetic diversity and relationships within and among nine species of Coffea, one species of Psilanthus and the Piatã hybrid from the Coffee Germplasm Collection of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Brazil were assessed using RAPD markers. Genetic diversity and relationships were evaluated by proportion of polymorphic loci (P), Shannon’s genetic index (H′ and G′ST) and clustering analysis. The overall RAPD variation among all accessions was mostly partitioned between rather than within species. However, C. canephora and C. liberica showed a high genetic diversity within the species (\({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.414 and \({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.380, respectively) and this was highly structured (high \({\underline{\hbox{G}'}} \) ST). Genetic diversity from C. congensis and C. arabica was also structured, but with lower levels of genetic diversity (\({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.218 and \({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.126, respectively). The results were consistent with agronomic and molecular studies and demonstrated that the IAC Coffea Collection is representative of the phylogenetic structure observed in the genera. This study devises sampling strategies for coffee germplasm collections and provides genetic diversity parameters for future comparisons among them.  相似文献   

10.
Many stress-related interactions such as pathogen infection, insect tolerance, salt tolerance, auxin degradation, cell wall lignification, tissue suberization, and plant senescence involve various isoforms of peroxidases. Peroxidase gene polymorphism (POGP) markers have been used to estimate diversity, relationships and population structure among 80 Citrus and their relatives in Aurantioideae by using unweighted pair group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) and bayesian substructuring analysis. Fourteen primers produced a total of 148 fragments and 147 of them were polymorphic. The UPGMA analysis demonstrated that the accessions had a similarity range from 0.27 to 0.98 and were distinguished. The results of this study were mostly consistent with previous reports of different marker systems, but few different findings were also detected. The subtribe Clauseninae (tribe Clauseneae) did not clearly separate from the subtribes of the tribe Citreae. Substructuring analysis indicated that there were six subpopulations among the accessions studied. This study revealed that the POGP markers can be utilized to estimate genetic diversity, relationships and population structure in Citrus and related species in the Aurantioideae subfamily.  相似文献   

11.
Dioscorea trifida L. (Dioscoreaceae) is among the economically most important cultivated Amerindian yam species, whose origin and domestication are still unresolved issues. In order to estimate the genetic diversity maintained by traditional farmers in Brazil, 53 accessions of D. trifida from 11 municipalities in the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso and Amazonas were characterized on the basis of eight Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and 16 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. The level of polymorphism among the accessions was high, 95 % for SSR and 75.8 % for ISSR. The SSR marker showed higher discrimination power among accessions compared to ISSR, with D parameter values of 0.79 and 0.44, respectively. Although SSR and ISSR markers led to dendrograms with different topologies, both separated the accessions into three main groups: I—Ubatuba-SP; II—Iguape-SP and Santa Catarina; and III—Mato Grosso. The accessions from Amazonas State were classified in group II with SSR and in a separate group with ISSR. Bayesian and principal coordinate analyzes conducted with both molecular markers corroborated the classification into three main groups. Higher variation was found within groups in the AMOVA analysis for both markers (66.5 and 60.6 % for ISSR and SSR, respectively), and higher Shannon diversity index was found for group II with SSR. Significant but low correlations were found between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.08; p = 0.0007 for SSR and r = 0.16; p = 0.0002 for ISSR). Therefore, results from both markers showed a slight spatially structured genetic diversity in D. trifida accessions maintained by small traditional farmers in Brazil.  相似文献   

12.
The genus Zanthoxylum, belonging to Rutaceae, has a long history of cultivation both for economic and chemical values in China. To effectively conserve and sustainably utilize this genus resource, a study on genetic diversity and relationships of Zanthoxylum germplasms was carried out by employing SRAP markers. We used 16 primer combinations to assess genetic variations and relationships among 175 accessions from eight cultivated provenances, including Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. A total of 145 clear repetitive and intense bands were yielded, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 100 % for per primer combination, indicating a relatively high diversity among Zanthoxylum germplasms. From a geographic perspective, the highest genetic diversity level was observed within Guizhou provenance (N a  = 1.97, Ne = 1.52, H = 0.31, I = 0.46) while Henan provenance had the lowest genetic diversity (N a  = 1.68, Ne = 1.45, H = 0.25, I = 0.37). Based on AMOVA results, the abundant genetic variation was mainly caused by variation of intra-provenances (84.96 %), rather than among provenances (15.038 %). The results indicated low genetic differentiation (G st  = 0.133) and high gene flow (N m  = 3.2605) among provenances. The neighbor-joining tree revealed that the 175 accessions could be divided into four groups, and groupings indicated a divergence between the cultivated accessions of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and Z. armatum DC. Moreover, three accessions of Z. piperitum DC. var. inerme without prickles introduced from Japan gathered one cluster. Cluster IV is composed of accessions of different geographical origin, including 11 wild species and 10 cultivated accessions of Z. bungeanum. The cluster analysis also reflected a relatively close relationship between the geographical origins and the classification of accessions in cluster I. Structure analysis indicated that collected Zanthoxylum accessions could be divided into two major groups. The information obtained from our research would benefit to make use of Zanthoxylum germplasms and assist the management of a Zanthoxylum germplasms collection.  相似文献   

13.
Chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) are widely distributed in the chloroplast genomes of all plant species, and are frequently employed for genotypic and phylogenetic analysis. However, information on intra- and interspecies variation in cpSSRs is lacking. In this study, we sequenced four intergenic (non-coding) chloroplast DNA regions in 57 accessions of 12 tetraploid, and 16 accessions of 4 hexaploid species of Triticum and Aegilops. These sequence data added to our previous data for diploid species in the same chloroplast regions. Intra- and interspecific genetic variation was analyzed for a total of 189 accessions of 13 diploid, 12 tetraploid, and 4 hexaploid species of Triticum and Aegilops, such that all species were represented by multiple accessions. The data were used to infer phylogenetic relationships within and among Triticum and Aegilops species. Based on this robust phylogenetic tree, seven of eight cpSSR loci clearly exhibited “size homoplasy,” referring to the fact that cpSSRs of identical size and DNA sequence can arise even if the alleles are not descended from a common ancestor. These data indicate that cpSSRs should be used with caution in phylogenetic analyzes. Interestingly, as observed from several previous studies, our data also suggest that observed mutation rates may increase significantly when mononucleotide (homopolymer) repeat numbers reach or exceed 9 bp. In the present report, using this sequence data set involving cpSSRs, 81 unique haplotypes among 189 accessions were detected, and five tetraploid Triticum and Aegilops species were successfully identified and genotyped. Our results indicate that combinations of nucleotide substitutions, indels and SSRs of chloroplast nucleotide sequences are available for genotyping at the species accession level.  相似文献   

14.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important export crop in Kyrgyzstan since the end of the twentieth century. Genetic diversity analysis of common bean populations is useful for breeding programs, as it helps to select genetic material to be used for further crossing. Twenty-seven common bean accessions were analyzed using 13 qualitative morphological traits. In some cases, obtained morphological data were combined with previously published results based on microsatellite markers. The similarity matrices generated from the molecular and morphological data were significantly correlated (r = 0.49, P < 0.01). Cluster analyses based on Dice’s similarity coefficient were constructed based on morphological data and the combined data set of morphology and microsatellite, and both grouped the 27 accessions according to their origin: 15 belonged to the Andean and 12 to the Mesoamerican gene pool. On average, the Andean accessions were less diverse than the Mesoamerican accessions. The average diversity based on the Shannon diversity index for the 13 qualitative morphological traits was 0.05. Overall, this study revealed that qualitative morphological markers are efficient in assigning modern cultivars to their gene pools of origin.  相似文献   

15.
Repeat unit length variation and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to assess genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships in chickpea (C. arietinum) cultivars, and its related wild species. Total genomic DNAs of 76 accessions of 10 Cicer species, belonging to three sections of the genus, were restricted with seven enzymes and the restriction fragments were hybridized to heterologous ribosomal clones of wheat pTa71 and Vicia faba probes Ver 6-5 and Ver18-6. A single repeat unit length class of 11.4 kb or 10.5 kb was recognized across Cicer accessions with pTa71. The intraspecific variation was negligible in those species where more than one accession was studied, except the four C. judaicum accessions, which were different from the rest. EcoRI and DraI digests gave two and one-two fragments, respectively. All the accessions produced three and three-five bands with BamHI and SacI, respectively. Both the accessions of C. yamashitae differed in their rDNA repeat unit length as well as restriction site variation. Maximum likelihood tree with rDNA RFLP recognized five clades which were more or less congruent with the previous data. Length of ITS-1 region was more variable (235–239 bp) than the ITS-2 region (212–213 bp). Cladistic analysis of ITS data revealed two major clades, clade I consisting of C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, and clade II comprised of C. judaicum, C. chorassanicum, C. bijugum and C. cuneatum. C. microphyllum grouped with the above four species. C. pinnatifidum was present as a separate branch. C. yamashitae emerged as the most distinct species.  相似文献   

16.
Yams (Dioscorea spp.) rank as the fourth most important root and tuber crop after potatoes, cassava and sweet potatoes. They are an economic crop in most of the tropics especially in West Africa, which produces over 95 % of the world output. Despite their cultural and economic importance there is taxonomic confusion regarding Guinea yams. The currently used classification scheme, which relies on vegetative and inflorescence characters, does not consistently delimit species boundaries between members of Guinea yams (D. cayenensis Lam.–D. rotundata Poir. complex), their wild relatives (D. abyssinica Kunth and D. praehensilis Benth.,) and D. sagittifolia Pax. Establishing the taxonomic identity of the germplasm and understanding the systematic relationships among crops is vital to the management of genetic resources and the utilization of accessions. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genetic fingerprinting was used to evaluate and characterize 43 individual plants, belonging to different populations of wild and cultivated Guinea yams. The three primer combinations used in the AFLP analyses generated 158 scorable bands, with an overall polymorphism of 78 %. Ordination and cluster analyses of AFLP data failed to produce any clear species boundary between either the Guinea yam accessions or between them and their wild relatives. The average genetic similarity between the study individuals of Guinea yams and their wild relatives ranged from 60 to 100 %. The first, second and third principal coordinates axes cumulatively account for 77.45 % of the total variation. AFLP analyses also revealed a higher genetic divergence among cultivated Guinea yam accessions of the Sheko cultivars. Ordination and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed no clear species boundaries between members of the complex. Thus, the taxonomy of these “species” needs to be revisited using other markers.  相似文献   

17.
The origin of cultivated potatoes has remaining questions. In this study, 237 accessions of all cultivated species and 155 accessions of wild species closely related to cultivated potatoes, including their putative ancestors, were analyzed using 15 plastid microsatellites (SSRs) to investigate genetic diversity and their relationships with the wild species. We here used polymorphic plastid SSRs we developed from potato plastid genome sequences as well as already known plastid SSR markers. All 15 loci were polymorphic and identified a total of 127 haplotypes. Dramatic decreases in levels of genetic diversity were revealed in landraces in comparison with wild ancestor species. The plastid SSR results showed a decrease in haplotype number and diversity from Peru to both north and south. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct groups. One of them, group A, contained the majority of accessions of cultivated species of the Solanum tuberosum Andigenum group including all accessions of cultivated diploid and triploid cytotypes of this group (S. chaucha, S. phureja, and S. stenotomum by a former taxonomic system) and most of tetraploid accessions of the S. tuberosum Andigenum group (S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum), and the majority of accessions of wild ancestors from the northern members of the S. brevicaule complex. Another group B comprised most of the wild species accessions and almost exclusively hybrid cultivated species which have introgressed plastid genomes from the other wild gene pools. Lack of clustering of traditional cultivated species (as used above) support a revised group classification of S. tuberosum.  相似文献   

18.
Substantial progress was made in the last decade in understanding the diversity in Dioscorea species. However, most of the studies so far concentrated in the ‘yam belt in Africa’. We present a genetic diversity and structure analysis among commercial and local varieties of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) in Brazil using microsatellite and morphological markers. Twelve microsatellite primers were used to generate DNA profiles of 72 local varieties and 17 commercial accessions of water yam collected in four different regions in Brazil. Also, four morphological traits were evaluated on individual plants under field conditions. The morphological characterization showed considerable diversity. High polymorphism was found with 100 % polymorphism observed for 11 primers and a discriminating power value of 0.92, on average. We did not observe a strong population structure among sampling regions, while most of the genetic diversity was concentrated within regions (95.9 %). Analysis of the relationship between accessions did not clearly separate the local and commercial genotypes. However, the molecular analyses of D. alata showed high intraspecific diversity in local accessions from different regions in Brazil, with the highest Shannon index value (H′ = 0.41) for the Southeast region. These results confirmed an admixture of accessions in all sampling regions, consistent with the lack of a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances, suggesting that farmers exchanged water yam materials extensively. The genetic diversity can be explained by the result of a continuous exchange of accessions by farmers throughout Brazil.  相似文献   

19.
Here, two Punica species, viz., P. protopunica Balf. fil., reported as native to Socotra, and P. granatum L., were compared for the first time. Analysis of one P. protopunica and eleven P. granatum accessions was performed using three molecular markers, i.e., sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP), and intron targeted amplified polymorphism (ITAP), along with analysis of pgWD40 sequences, a gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. All markers revealed the relationship between the two species and placed them at 33% similarity. SRAP, TRAP, and ITAP generated a total of 299, 260, and 160 bands, respectively. Of these, 78, 74, and 41 bands were specific for P. protopunica, and 92, 85, and 57 bands, respectively, were shared between both species. Sequence analysis of pgWD40~870 bp amplicons exhibited 100% identity among P. granatum accessions and 98% identity to that of P. protopunica. Phylogenetic analysis of WD40 sequences from monocot and dicot species, including both Punica species confirmed the relation between P. protopunica and P. granatum, supporting earlier reports that P. protopunica could be an ancestral species of P. granatum. Furthermore, the genetic diversity among and within P. granatum accessions from Egypt (3), Mexico (5), and Yemen (3) was assessed. Molecular marker-based relationships among region-bulked accessions was approximately the same (~90% similarity), whereas the degree of genetic variation was altered within each region. Specific bands (alleles) for accessions of each region along with those shared among them were identified. Thus, these bands could be used for pomegranate genotyping and breeding programs.  相似文献   

20.
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