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1.
基于模态置信度准则的插秧机支撑臂模态分析与结构优化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
针对高速插秧机栽插机构动力传输过程中的振动问题,该文以2ZG-6DK插秧机为研究对象,分析了栽插系统动力传输方式及工作原理;利用Solid Works软件对插秧机动力传输系统中关键部件支撑臂进行建模,将模型导入ANSYS Workbench并结合Lanczos Method解算方法求解模态固有频率和振型,在此基础上开展基于MAC(modal assurance criterion)准则优化的模态试验,验证了有限元理论分析的准确性。为使支撑臂固有频率避开外部激振频率,在分析外部频率激振特点的基础上,基于ISIGHT多学科软件平台,采用序列二次规划法对支撑臂结构参数进行优化。研究结果表明:优化后支撑臂侧壁腔体厚度5.7 mm、横梁宽度42.0 mm、臂长497.0 mm,前4阶模态频率分别调整至135.17、204.23、483.14和702.32 Hz,均可避开插秧机汽油发动机激振频率范围86.67~120 Hz。优化后1阶频率下振动幅度衰减最为明显,振动幅值最高下降9.4%,支撑臂低频振动特性得到明显改善。研究结果可为插秧机的振动特性分析与减振设计提供参考。 相似文献
2.
基于灵敏度分析的船式拖拉机机架结构优化设计 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为提高船式拖拉机的动态性能,针对机架与船壳可分离的船式拖拉机,对其机架进行多目标优化设计。通过模态分析确定优化响应,灵敏度分析确定设计变量,模型建立确定优化目标,多目标优化设计数学模型得到6组非劣解,并基于熵权的模糊物元模型得到最优设计方案。优化前后的对比分析可知,在机架体积只增加2.4%的基础上其第一阶模态频率提高35%,最大静应力减小35%,同时发动机的工作频率远离船式拖拉机机架的固有模态频率。结果表明,优化后的船式拖拉机机架动态性能良好。该研究可为船式拖拉机的设计研究提供参考。 相似文献
3.
针对大型渡槽安全运行评估问题,提出一种环境激励下基于二次滤波的希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)模态参数辨识方法。采用小波阈值与经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)结合的二次滤波方法滤除运行环境中强噪声干扰,凸显结构动力特性,有效避免了模态混叠问题;根据奇异熵增量理论确定系统阶数,应用HHT方法辨识降噪后信号,提高辨识准确性和精度。将该方法应用于景泰川二期三泵站输水U型渡槽,辨识正常输水工况下结构前5阶模态参数,建立该渡槽第一跨三维有限元模型,并计算模型同工况下前5阶模态参数,对比模态参数辨识结果与有限元仿真结果。对比结果表明:2种方法计算结果非常接近,最大误差为4.4%。说明基于二次滤波的HHT模态辨识方法能准确高效辨识强噪声背景下结构模态参数,可将该方法推广到大型渡槽结构中,为渡槽安全运行评估和健康在线监测提供新思路,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
4.
针对喷雾机喷杆结构动力学特性原始设计缺陷,该文提出了一种基于遗传算法的多变量优化方法。以平面十八杆桁架单元为基础结构,在Abaqus平台中建立了单侧喷杆参数化有限元模型。基于Isight多学科多目标优化平台提取模型设计变量组及优化目标,采用多岛遗传算法(multi-island genetic algorithm,MIGA)对喷杆桁架结构形状及杆件截面尺寸进行优化,得到了一阶固有频率为10.87 Hz,质量为35.82 kg,幅宽为5 m的单侧喷杆结构模型。根据优化后模型的结构参数制造喷杆样品,通过对其进行模态试验验证了数值模型的准确性。针对优化前、后喷杆模型进行了以位移功率谱密度(power spectrum density,PSD)函数为激励的随机振动仿真,结果表明,优化后喷杆模型的质量下降并没有明显增加其在竖直方向上振动位移响应量。该文研究结果可为进一步研究喷雾机喷杆结构的动力学性能优化提供依据。 相似文献
5.
山地果园轮式运输机车架结构分析与优化 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
山地果园运输机是农业运输机械化的重要组成部分,车架作为汽车质量的支撑部件,决定了运输机结构合理及行驶安全。该文研究的山地果园轻简化轮式运输机车架属于发动机前置后驱形式,利用Pro/E软件建立三维模型,并导入ANSYS软件进行有限元模态分析。在通过静态电测试验确定有限元分析的应力值和试验真实应力值在合理范围内后,对车架模型关键部位进行载荷、约束等处理并进行有限元静态弯曲和应变力分析、车架有限元模态分析,及有限元前8阶模态振动变形分析。分析结果表明车架具备良好的强度和刚度特性,存在一定的优化空间。优化过程在满足车架强度和刚度要求的前提下,通过改变横梁布置结构并降低车架构件板厚的方式实现轻简化目的。优化结果为上车架体积减少20%左右,整个车架体积减少12.37%左右,使车架质量降低了12.4%,最大应力和最大变形远远小于屈服极限值,较好的达到了车架轻量化的优化目的。 相似文献
6.
针对叶片式秸秆抛送装置工作时的振动、噪声以及叶片疲劳断裂等问题,为减少共振的发生,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对抛送叶轮的自由模态与预应力模态进行了数值计算,其中预应力模态采用单向流固耦合方法对流场和叶轮结构响应进行求解,获得了该系统的前12阶模态频率以及振型,并利用扫描式激光测振仪对抛送叶轮进行了模态试验,验证了理论分析和数值计算的准确性。在分析了系统外部激振频率特点的基础上,对影响叶轮振动特性的结构参数进行了对比模拟。研究结果表明:预应力使叶轮的1和2阶频率提高幅度较大,对振型没有影响;叶片数对模态频率和振型影响最大,叶轮是否加筋对频率的影响其次,叶片厚度对低阶频率影响最小;三叶片叶轮最不易发生共振,四叶片次之,五叶片最易发生共振;叶片厚度为4 mm时最不易发生共振,5 mm时次之,6 mm时最易发生共振;叶轮加筋可以改善其动态性能,不易发生共振。该研究可为叶片式抛送装置结构振动特性的描述及动态性能的优化提供参考。 相似文献
7.
基于模态的玉米收获机车架振动特性分析与优化 总被引：2，自引：10，他引：2
为研究玉米收获机车架振动特性及其优化方法,该文通过振动测试与模态分析方法,分析车架田间振动特性,并以提高1阶扭转频率为目标优化车架结构。首先,通过有限元建模及模态分析,提取车架固有频率与振型,其次,通过整机田间振动试验,获取车架4个测点处振幅统计特征及功率谱,分析其对车架振动特性的影响,最后,研究车架壁厚和刚度与固有频率的关系,以提高车架1阶扭转频率为目标优化车架。研究结果发现,测点振幅大小依次为:车架后桥上方、发动机横梁位置、发动机纵梁位置、车架前桥上方,其中车架后桥上方振幅已超过发动机振幅,发生共振;模态振型与田间振动试验对比发现,1阶扭转和2阶弯曲模态对车架振动影响较大,引起车架共振主频为9.79 Hz,接近1阶扭转共振频率;发现优化后车架1阶扭转振型位移由7.778下降到3.768,1阶弯曲振型位移由6.83下降到3.651,显著改善了车架振型,1阶扭振频率由15.9927提高到22.4595 Hz,提高车架1阶扭转频率。田间耐久试验表明优化后车架无故障时间由20提高到60 h。该研究可为农机装备的振动特性分析与减振设计提供参考。 相似文献
8.
快速精确获取设计中农业机械模态模型的方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在农业机械的设计过程中,为了快速获得产品整机的模态参数,该文以某小型农业作业机为例,探讨了采用NASTRAN求解的方法获取设计结构的模态模型;采用LMS Test.Lab试验模态分析的方法获取复杂外购件和通用件的模态模型,用自由界面模态综合的方法将通过前述方法获得的各结构模态在LMS Virtual.Lab中综合,最终获取整机模态模型的方法。试验证明采用该方法获得的主要固有频率最大误差小于5.5%,且振型基本吻合。采用该方法可以在小型农业机械的快速设计过程中,快速、准确获取整机模态参数,为在设计过程中研究产品的动态特性和进行结构优化提供了数据支撑,具有重要的工程应用价值。 相似文献
9.
基于流固耦合模型的U型渡槽模态分析及验证 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为提高渡槽结构工作模态特征的准确度,结合附加质量法原理和流固耦合（fluid solid interaction,FSI）系统理论,以景电工程输水渡槽为研究对象,建立不同形式的固-液耦合模型,对其进行工作模态数值分析,并将数值分析结果与采用小波阈值-经验模态分解联合滤波的希尔伯特-黄变换法（hilbert-huang transform,HHT）实测提取的频率值进行对比。结果表明：考虑FSI系统耦合模型的结果与HHT辨识结果吻合的较好,最大误差值为4.59%,比附加质量模型最大误差小5.97百分点,同阶次频率误差均比附加质量模型小,且弥补了附加质量模型出现的模态缺失现象。可见考虑FSI系统耦合模型的计算结果在模拟阶数和精度方面都优于附加质量模型,能准确反映渡槽结构的工作特性,可用在渡槽结构动力特性分析中,亦可作为后续渡槽结构损伤诊断研究的基准有限元模型。 相似文献
10.
基于蚁群算法的内燃机配气机构凸轮型线的动力学仿真 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对内燃机配气机构工作时的振动、冲击和噪声问题,建立了内燃机配气凸轮机构型线的动力学数学模型,运用蚁群算法和Matlab语言,对该数学模型进行了仿真优化计算,与原设计相比,仿真结果表明：丰满系数提高了1.24%,动态最大正加速度在上升段下降了0.87%,在下降段上升了5.23%,动态最大负加速度下降了5.93%,使得系统动态速度和动态加速度趋于平稳,有效地减少了内燃机配气机构的冲击振动,提高了内燃机的动力性能,而且优化效果好于遗传算法。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献