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1.
引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌。对于乳房炎的治疗，一般都是采用抗生素等药物，但随着抗生素长期大剂量的广泛使用，细菌抗药性和抗生素乳中残留问题被普遍关注。中草药是纯天然物质，具有抗菌、消炎、细菌不易产生耐药性、低毒等特点，具有抗生素无法比拟的优点。所以应用中草药替代抗生素防治奶牛乳腺炎，已日益为国内外学者所关注。 相似文献
2.
奶牛乳房炎制约了奶牛养殖业的快速发展,目前奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗主要依靠抗生素,抗生素的滥用和乱用对人、动物、生态环境的危害越发严峻,寻找安全有效的防治措施尤为重要。中草药及其提取物具有良好的抗菌、消炎等功效,且安全、绿色、无残留,能有效抑制病原菌,缓解炎症反应,改善泌乳功能,成为防治奶牛乳房炎的热点课题。因此,本文对中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛乳房炎的影响研究进展进行综述,为中草药及其提取物的开发利用、奶牛乳房炎防治提供可行的参考依据。
[关键词] 中草药|提取物|奶牛乳房炎|抗生素|饲料添加剂 相似文献
3.
乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖的重要疾病,对奶牛造成巨大的危害和经济损失.奶牛乳房炎的防治主要是应用抗生素疗法.近年来人们对抗生素在牛奶、肉中的残留备受关注.中草药具有低毒性、低残留及安全性好等优势,人们在防治乳房炎中已开始把注意力转向中草药以代替抗生素类药物.本文概述奶牛乳房炎的危害,重点介绍中医药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究进展.以期指导生产实践,科学防治,促进奶牛生产健康持续发展. 相似文献
4.
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一。生产中,奶牛乳房炎导致产奶量、鲜奶品质下降,严重时乳区化脓坏疽,使奶牛失去泌乳能力,降低奶牛养殖经济效益。抗生素类药物擅长抗菌、抑菌,弱于消除炎症易留后患,而中草药则善于消除炎症。在临床实践中宜采用中西医结合的方法治疗奶牛乳房炎。 相似文献
5.
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛常见的三大疾病之一，其制约着奶牛养殖业发展，并且常年造成巨大的经济损失。直接在奶牛上进行实验研究的成本较高、操作不便及无法进行标准化管理，这在一定程度上影响了对奶牛乳房炎的研究及防治。近年来，国内外学者开始选用小鼠建立乳腺炎疾病模型，该模型具有费用低、耗时少、效率高及性价比高等优点，解决了使用奶牛成本高及无法进行标准化管理等问题。本文对小鼠乳腺炎模型的构建、中草药对小鼠乳腺炎的作用机制及防治等进行综述，为开发中草药防治奶牛乳腺炎的研究提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
6.
乳腺炎是影响现代奶牛生产的重要疾病之一,对奶牛养殖业和消费者健康危害很大.使用中草药治疗奶牛乳腺炎可利用中草药对细菌的抑制和杀灭作用,清除致病因素,恢复机体的正常状态;同时还可利用中草药改善乳房局部的血液循环,调节乳腺细胞的血液供应,进而修复被损害的乳腺细胞,达到治愈乳房炎的目的.中草药治疗与其他治疗法相比还具有低残、低毒、不易产生耐药性等特点. 相似文献
7.
奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业最常见的疾病，引起奶牛乳房炎的病原菌很多，主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、无乳停乳链球菌和大肠杆菌等。应用抗菌药物治疗乳房炎是国内外普遍采用的主要措施之一，但随着抗菌剂长期大剂量的广泛使用，细菌耐药性和抗菌药物乳中残留问题被普遍关注。中药作为天然药物，不仅不存在药物残留带来的公共卫生问题，而且许多中药还是很好的免疫调节剂，因此，用中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的研究成为近年来的热门课题。一些中药复方制剂和中药提取物制剂，已经在奶牛乳房炎的防治方面发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
8.
奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一。严重制约着奶牛业的发展，本文主要对我国应用中草药防治奶牛乳房炎的各种方法和防治机理进行了综述。对中草药防治奶牛乳房炎的前景进行了展望。认为中草药在治疗奶牛乳房炎方面具有巨大的潜力。 相似文献
9.
从 3个方面分析了奶牛乳腺炎防治失败的原因 ,包括 :抗生素 ,细菌和宿主之间相互作用和自身发生变化 ;不注重隐性乳房炎的治疗 ;挤奶技术、设备、程序不当等。提出防治乳腺炎几点建议 :创造良好的饲养环境 ;补充维生素和微量元素 ;开发研制奶牛乳腺炎疫苗 ;奶牛乳腺炎的综合治疗 相似文献
10.
正奶牛乳腺炎是指在产后或者犊牛时病原微生物侵入乳房,或者疾病继发、饲养管理不当等应激因素使奶牛乳腺实质和间质的炎症。奶牛乳腺炎是奶牛养殖中的常见病,可导致奶牛产奶量下降、牛奶品质下降,牛奶中的细菌毒素还会影响人体健康。目前,治疗奶牛乳腺炎的方法有:抗生素、疫苗、纳米粒子和抗生素联合使用如细胞因子、植物来源的抗菌物质、动物来源的抗菌物质和细菌来源的抗菌物质等。其中抗生素治疗依然是最常用的 相似文献
11.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
15.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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