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1.
田间调查表明,番茄茎基腐病在张掖市发病初期为5月中、下旬,发病高峰期在6月中、下旬;移栽发病重,直播发病轻;碱潮地发病重,其次为灌漠地,沙壤地发病率最轻;平作发病重,垄作发病轻;膜面覆土发病轻,膜面不覆土发病重;中间破膜发病轻,中间不破膜发病重。根据种子、苗床处理、定植穴以及发病初期药剂灌根试验结果表明:供试的10种药剂中,以3%口恶霉.甲霜水剂400倍液移栽前灌根、45%敌磺.琥铜可湿性粉剂750倍液发病初期灌根,防效分别为65.5%、59.5%。 相似文献
2.
2013-2016年河南省小麦茎基腐病的发生危害情况及特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2013-2016年连续4年对河南省不同类型麦田小麦茎基腐病发生和危害情况等进行了调查。结果表明,小麦茎基腐病在河南省已经广泛分布,每年均都有不同程度发生,其中2013年病田率为45.8%,病田白穗率为0.4%~11%;2014年病田率为12.6%,病田白穗率为0.1%~3.7%;2015年病田率为32.5%,病田白穗率为0.1%~16.1%;2016年发生最重,病田率为65.1%,病田白穗率为0.1%~31.5%。调查还发现,河南省小麦茎基腐病发生的特点是北部和西部发生较重;小麦-玉米连作田发生较重,而小麦-水稻连作田块发生较轻;干旱的田块发生危害重。病害产量损失的初步测定结果表明,感病最严重的分蘖病茎高度减少55.8%,且不能结实;能结实病茎较健茎高度减少14.0%~18.0%,穗粒数减少22.7%~54.5%,穗粒重减少33.3%~90.5%,千粒重减少3.2%~73.2%;当病田白穗率为22%时,有效穗数减少33.3%,产量损失达51.6%。本文还针对目前国内对小麦茎基腐病研究薄弱的问题,提出了今后需要加强的研究工作。 相似文献
3.
《中国植保导刊》2021,(4)
为明确玉米茎基腐病的发生情况及规律,2016—2019年对山西省大同市5个县(区)玉米种植区开展相关调查。结果表明,不同玉米品种中,诚信16和龙生19发病率和病情指数显著低于其他品种;不同县(区)立地条件与玉米茎基腐病发生密切相关。调查3县(区)低洼地发病率和病指均显著高于其他2种立地条件,旱坡地最低;不同栽培模式下,轮作1年玉米茎基腐病平均发病率和病情指数最低,分别为13.6%、10.35,连作4年时茎基腐病的平均发病率达到33.50%,病指为30.54,显著高于其他栽培模式;不同生育期玉米茎基腐病发病情况存在显著差异,尤其是成熟期发病率最高,发病率为38.70%,病情指数达40.40,显著高于其他生育期。 相似文献
4.
小麦茎基腐病是我国北方小麦主产区的重大病害,对小麦安全生产造成严重威胁。化学农药的使用是最直接有效的防治方法,在植物病害防治中发挥重要作用。苯醚甲环唑是一种具有较高安全性的三唑类杀菌剂。本课题前期明确了苯醚甲环唑拌种对小麦茎基腐病有一定的防治效果,且促生增产,但其对小麦根际微生物的影响尚不清楚。本文研究了苯醚甲环唑拌种对茎基腐病田中小麦根际土壤微生物的影响,结果表明,苯醚甲环唑拌种处理对小麦分蘖期,拔节期和灌浆期根际微生物的alpha和beta多样性均无显著影响,但使分蘖期镰孢属的相对丰度显著降低。微生物共现网络分析表明,苯醚甲环唑拌种处理提高了细菌网络的复杂性,降低了真菌网络复杂性,使植株根际微生物网络更接近健康植株根际的特征。该研究从根际微生物的角度为苯醚甲环唑防治小麦茎基腐病的机制研究及对土壤微生物的安全性评价提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
白绢病(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc。)是中药白术上的一种严重病害。白术主产区常年损失颇为严重。杭州地区白术白绢病从5月上旬开始发生,一直延续到9月下旬,6～8月较重。被害白术,药用根茎腐烂,植株凋萎枯死。在浙江除白术受害外,还发现有12个科25种药用植物被此病为害。其中菊芋、玄参、乌头和黄芪受害最重。遗留在土中的菌核、种用病术、带菌肥料是此病的主要初次侵染来源。高温多湿有利白绢病的发生;施用牛粪、垃圾有加重发病的趋势;低坡地比高坡地、水田比旱地发病要重;连作、株行距小的病情重。用1%石灰液浸菌核2小时及大田每株用石灰粉2.5克,拌接菌核土壤试验,效果显著;0.5%硫酸铜液浸菌核和白术田浇治(100毫升/株)效果也较好。 相似文献
6.
经1991～1994年调查研究，湖北省西南部地区造成莴苣腐烂的病菌，除核盘菌和灰葡萄孢菌外还有小核盘菌。后者分布有明显的地域性，症状有根腐（或茎基腐）和茎腐两种类型，出现的相对频率分别为94.1％和5.9％。旱作田较水旱轮作田发病重。海拔高度与其发生关系不大。盆栽试验表明小核盘菌菌核萌发产生菌丝，构成初侵染源。萌发的最适温度为20～25℃。 相似文献
7.
威百亩对西葫芦常见土传病原菌的毒力及田间防效 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确威百亩对西葫芦常见土传病原菌的活性及田间防治效果,以1,3-二氯丙烯为对照药剂,采用改进的密封盘法比较了2种熏蒸剂对西葫芦菌核病菌等4种病原菌的毒力及对菌核萌发的影响,并于田间采用密闭熏蒸法比较了2种药剂对西葫芦茎基腐病的防治效果.室内结果显示:威百亩对西葫芦菌核病菌、茎基腐病菌、枯萎病菌及绵腐病菌的EC50分别为0.060、0.945、1.380、2.953 mg/L,而1,3-二氯丙烯对这4种病原菌的EC50为516.654、928.558、633.784、77.242 mg/L,威百亩0.228 mg/L可完全抑制菌核的萌发.田间药效试验表明:威百亩150、90、75、60 kg/hm2及1,3-二氯丙烯200 kg/hm2均能不同程度控制西葫芦茎基腐病的发生,防治效果分别为88.94%、87.58%、83.76%、80.60%和64.80%,且各试验剂量均对西葫芦安全并能在一定程度上起到增产作用,威百亩150 kg/hm2处理增产率最高,达34.82%.从防治效果及经济效益分析,在西葫芦田推荐使用威百亩防治土传病害. 相似文献
8.
百合枯萎病又称茎腐病 ,半知菌类真菌是百合生产上的重要病害。染病株初期表现生长缓慢 ,下部叶片发黄失去光泽 ,后症状渐向上扩展 ,最后全株叶片萎蔫下垂 ,变褐后枯死。此外 ,尖镰孢菌百合专化型还可侵染鳞茎外皮基部 ,基盘上出现褐色坏死或腐烂 ,造成鳞片散落。从病鳞茎长出的植株叶片发黄或变紫 ,花茎少且小 ,鳞茎没有全部烂掉时就裂开 ,引起鳞茎腐烂后枯死。发病特点 :病菌以菌丝体在鳞茎内或以菌丝体及菌核随病残体在土壤中越冬 ,成为翌年初侵染源。该病常与百合其他地下根腐、鳞片腐等同时发生 ,带病鳞茎和污染的土壤是该病主要侵染源… 相似文献
9.
10.
山东玉米茎基腐病病原菌的初步研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
1979~1983年,从山东省主要病区采集的玉米茎基腐病病株分离得到的菌种有腐霉菌、禾谷镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌以及其它真菌。这些菌种经室内、外多次土壤接种试验表明,只有瓜果腐霉菌Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson) Fitzpatrick和禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum Schw.两种,对玉米苗期和成株期具有较高的致病力。如两种菌混合接种,则有加重发病的趋势。因此,可以初步认为玉米茎基腐病是以瓜果腐霉菌为主,与禾谷镰刀菌复合侵染而引起的玉米病害。 相似文献
11.
Nevain A. S. Messiha Ariena H. C. van Bruggen Anne D. van Diepeningen Oscar J. de Vos Aad J. Termorshuizen N. N. A. Tjou-Tam-Sin J. D. Janse 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):367-381
Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causative agent of potato brown rot (bacterial wilt), is an economically important disease in tropical,
subtropical and temperate regions of the world. In view of previous reports on suppression of the disease by organic amendments,
and the expansion of organic agriculture, it was timely to compare the effects of organic and conventional management and
various amendments on brown rot development in different soils (type: sand or clay; origin: Egypt or the Netherlands). Brown
rot infection was only slightly reduced in organically compared to conventionally managed sandy soils from Egypt, but organic
management significantly increased disease incidence and pathogen survival in Dutch sandy and clay soils, which correlated
with high DOC contents in the organic Dutch soils. There was no correlation between disease incidence or severity and bacterial
diversity in the potato rhizosphere in differently managed soils (as determined by 16S DGGE). NPK fertilization reduced bacterial
wilt in conventional Egyptian soils but not in Dutch soils. Cow manure amendment significantly reduced disease incidence in
organic Dutch sandy soils, but did not affect the bacterial population. However, cow manure did reduce densities of R. solanacearum in Egyptian sandy soils, most probably by microbial competition as a clear shift in populations was detected with DGGE in
these and Dutch sandy soils after manure amendment. Amendment with compost did not have a suppressive effect in any soil type.
The absence of a disease suppressive effect of mineral and organic fertilization in Dutch clay soils may be related to the
already high availability of inorganic and organic nutrients in these soils. This study shows that the mechanism of disease
suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens may vary strongly according to the soil type, especially if quite different types
of soil are used. 相似文献
12.
广东省新推广大豆品种病害的初步调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用普查和定点调查以及传统的植物病害鉴定方法,在2006年6月至2010年10月对广东省新推广高产优质大豆品种的病害种类、发生危害及分布进行了调查.发现病害共有12种,其中真菌病害9种,分别是锈病、霜霉病、红冠腐病、丝核菌叶枯病、炭疽病、白绢病、白粉病、镰刀菌根腐病和煤烟病;细菌性病害、线虫病害和病毒病害各1种,分别为细菌性叶斑病、根结线虫病和花叶病.主要病害为锈病、霜霉病、红冠腐病、花叶病、丝核菌叶枯病和炭疽病等.不同季节大豆的主要病害发生情况不同.春大豆以霜霉病发生较为严重;而夏大豆则以红冠腐病、锈病、花叶病毒病和丝菌核叶枯病发生较严重. 相似文献
13.
河北省小麦冠腐病发生现状及病原菌初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2013-2015年对河北省小麦主产区65县124点小麦冠腐病的田间症状和发生情况进行了调查。该病主要引起小麦茎基部变褐,灌浆期引起枯白穗,对产量影响较大。调查结果表明,小麦冠腐病发生主要集中在河北省中南部地区,而且发生程度呈逐年加重的趋势。2013年田间很少见由小麦冠腐病引起的枯白穗,2015年田间普遍发生枯白穗,严重发生地块局部枯白穗率达到20%~50%。病原菌分离结果显示,河北省中南部地区小麦冠腐病菌的分离频率较高,东北部麦区分离频率较低;经形态及分子生物学鉴定,河北省小麦冠腐病的病原菌主要为假禾谷镰刀菌和禾谷镰刀菌。 相似文献
14.
M. J. CELETTI H. W. JOHNSTON J. KIMPINSKI H. W. PLATT R. A. MARTIN 《Plant pathology》1990,39(4):606-611
Barley and winter wheat were sampled over 3 years to characterize soil-borne organisms involved with cereal crown and root disease complexes. Winter wheat crowns were infected more often by Fusarium avenaceum and F. sambucinum than barley crowns. Bipolaris sorokiniana and F. graminearum were more common in crown tissue of barley underseeded with clover than in winter wheat crowns. In roots, the incidence of F. avenaceum was highest in winter wheat. In soil, populations of Rhizoctonia solani and F. sambucinum were higher in winter wheat than barley underseeded with ryegrass. Stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp.) were greatest in winter wheat and barley underseeded with ryegrass. The incidence of F. avenaceum in roots of winter wheat correlated positively with the severity of crown and root rot symptoms. The severity of barley crown and root rot correlated positively with the incidence of R. solani in crowns, F. avenaceum in crowns and roots, B. sorokiniana in roots, and numbers of stunt nematodes in the soil. The incidence of soil-borne organisms was also recorded in annual ryegrass. soybean, potato, pea, and clover which were grown in rotation with barley and winter wheat. The incidence of R. solani and F. avenaceum was highest in clover crown tissue, and F. sambucinum was prevalent in soybean hypocotyls. Soil population levels of R. solani, F. avenaceum , and stunt nematodes were greatest in ryegrass and pea soil just prior to ploughing down or harvesting these crops, respectively. 相似文献
15.
<正>Dickeya和Pectobacterium属细菌的植物寄主广泛,包括十字花科、茄科、百合科、伞形花科和禾本科等科的农作物[1],所引发的细菌性软腐病严重影响农作物的产量和品质,造成严重经济损失,威胁农业生产和粮食安全。Dickeya和Pectobacterium属不同种的菌株能侵染同一种植物,产生相似的病症。如已发现能侵染马铃薯并导致软腐病害的有D. solani、D. dianthicola、D. dadantii、D.chrysanthemi、D. zeae、P. versatile、P. carotovorum、P. brasiliense、P. atrosepticum、P. betavasculorum、P. parmentieri、P. parvum、P. peruviense、P. polaris、P. actinidiae和P. punjabense等种的细菌[2-3]。 相似文献
16.
17.
N. A. S. Messiha A. D. van Diepeningen N. S. Farag S. A. Abdallah J. D. Janse A. H. C. van Bruggen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):211-225
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from the rhizosphere of eggplant in the Nile Delta of Egypt, and its antagonistic potential against Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, the causal agent of potato brown rot, was in vitro evaluated on KB agar medium and in vivo on potato plants.
In vitro, four isolates of S. maltophilia (PD3531, PD3532, PD3533, and PD3534) appeared antagonistic. The isolate (PD3533) was screened as the most promising antagonist
for the in vivo tests. In the greenhouse, the antagonist was applied directly to soil or by bacterization of potato eyepieces.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia significantly suppressed potato brown rot in Egyptian clay soil but not in Dutch clay soil. Survival of a rifampicin and
chloramphenicol-resistant S. maltophilia strain PD4560 was investigated in two pairs of clay soils, conventionally and organically managed, from Egypt and the Netherlands.
The survival of S. maltophilia was significantly less in Dutch than in Egyptian soils, while the converse occurred for R. solanacearum. These results are in agreement with those obtained in the in vivo biocontrol tests. In conclusion, S. maltophilia may be useful for control of brown rot in the area where it was originally isolated, the Nile Delta in Egypt. 相似文献
18.
C. Rodriguez-Brljevich C. Kanobe J. F. Shanahan A. E. Robertson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(3):343-347
Maize seed that was either treated with the fungicide Cruiser Extreme 250 ® (fludioxonil + azoxystrobin + mefenoxam + thiamethoxam) or not treated was planted at two Iowa locations in 2007. Root, mesocotyl and crown rot severity, incidence of Fusarium spp. colonisation and chlorophyll florescence (CF) were assessed at growth stages V2, V4 and V6, and stalk rot severity at R6. At both locations, seed treatment reduced disease severity and incidence of Fusarium spp. infection at all growth stages assessed. Measurements of CF decreased significantly with increased disease severity and incidence of Fusarium spp. at V2 and V4 at both locations, indicating that seedling disease negatively affected photosynthetic performance. Mesocotyl rot severity at V4 predicted crown rot severity at V6 at both locations, as well as crown rot at V6 and stalk rot at R6 at one location. 相似文献
19.
研究温度对小麦茎基腐病发生的影响,可为病害的发生规律和生态防控措施的研究提供依据。本研究测定了温度对假禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、对寄主小麦侵染以及在植株体内扩展的影响,结果表明,假禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长的温度范围为4℃~30℃,其中28℃最适于菌丝的生长,孢子萌发的温度范围为4℃~35℃,其中12℃~30℃较适宜分生孢子萌发,17℃~28℃为假禾谷镰刀菌侵染小麦的适宜温度范围,假禾谷镰刀菌在小麦植株体内扩展的适宜温度范围在22℃~30℃;通过不同温度培养试验以及田间小麦不同生育期接种试验测定温度对小麦茎基腐病发生的影响,结果表明,播种期、起身期接种的小麦茎基腐病发生高于越冬苗期接种处理,而此期的温度较越冬苗期利于假禾谷镰刀菌的侵染和小麦茎基腐病的发生。 相似文献
20.
Since 1995, the Dutch potato production chain has been hit by several outbreaks of brown rot, a quarantine disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2. To avoid establishment of brown rot in the potato production chain and avert the consequences on potato export, the Dutch government has implemented an intensive and costly control policy. It is unknown whether this policy is cost‐effective. A bio‐economic model was developed that can be used to simulate the effect of a control policy on the epidemiology and economic consequences of brown rot in the Dutch potato production chain. Two applications of this model are presented, based on which the potential contribution of the model to cost‐effective control of brown rot is discussed. 相似文献