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1.
Nobumichi Inomata 《Euphytica》1993,69(1-2):7-17
Summary Crossability and cytology were examined in F1, F2, B1 and hybridsplants of F1 hybrids of Brassica campestris and three wild relatives of B. oleracea, B. bourgeaui, B. cretica and B. montana, respectively. The F2 plants were obtained after self-and open pollination of the F1 hybrids. The B1 and hybrid plants were produced after the F1 hybrids backcrosses with B. campestris and crossed with B. napus, respectively. After crossing the F1 hybrids, many seeds of the F2, B1 and hybrid plants were harvested. Multivalent formation was high in the chromsome configuration for the PMCs of F2, B1 and hybrid plants, suggesting that crossing over might occur between them. Many different types of aneuploids were obtained in the progenies of the F2, B1 and hybrid plants. It is suggested that different types of normal egg cells may be produced by one-by-one or little-by-little chromosome addition. The possibility is discussed of gene transfer from B. bourgeaui, B. cretica and B. montana, to cultivated plants, B. campestris and B. napus. 相似文献
2.
Summary The somatic karyotype and meiotic chromosome behavior were studied in an 18-chromosome B1 plant derived from backcrossing a triploid (Brassica napus x B. oleracea ssp. capitata) F1 hybrid to cabbage. It is considered that cabbage chromosomes no. 1 and no. 7 were substituted by two shorter B. napus chromosomes. Meiotic disturbances were more apparent during the late stages of second division. Seed fertility of this plant was largely restored in the second backcrosses with both cabbage and broccoli. 18-chromosome B2 plants resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae were recovered among the progenies.Contribution no. J. 725 from the Research Station, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, St-Jean, Québec J3B 6Z8. 相似文献
3.
Summary Interspecific hybridization between Brassica napus L. (2n=38, a1a1c1c1) and B. oleracea var. capitata L. (2x- and 4x-cabbage; 2n=2x=18, cc and 2n=4x=36, cccc) was carried out for the purpose of transferring clubroot disease resistance from the amphidiploid species to cabbage. Nineteen hybrids with three different chromosome levels (2n=28, a1c1c; 2n=37, a1c1cc and 2n=55, a1c1cccc) were obtained. The F1 plants were mostly intermediate between the two parents but as the number of c genomes in the hybrids increased, the more closely the hybrids resembled the cabbage parent. All F1 hybrids were resistant when tested against race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae
wor. The complete dominance of resistance over susceptibility suggested that the gene(s) controlling resistance to this particular race of the clubroot pathogen is probably located on a chromosome of the a genome in Brassica.Contribution No. J654. 相似文献
4.
Summary Atrazine resistant Brassica napus × B. oleracea F1 hybrids were backcrossed to both parental species. The backcrosses to B. napus produced seeds in both directions but results were much better when the F1 hybrid was the pollen parent. Backcrosses to B. oleracea failed completely but BC1s were rescued by embryo culture both from a tetraploid hybrid (2n = 4x = 37; A1C1CC) and sesquidiploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 8; A1C1C). Progeny of crosses between the tetraploid hybrid and B. oleracea had between 25 and 28 chromosomes. That of crosses between the sesquidiploid hybrid and B. oleracea had between 21 and 27. A few plants that had chromosome counts outside the expected range may have originated from either diploid parthenogenesis, unreduced gametes or spontaneous chromosome doubling during in vitro culture. Pollen stainability of the BC1s ranged from 0% to 91.5%. All the BC1s to B. oleracea were resistant to atrazine. 相似文献
5.
Summary Meiosis in 14 interspecific F1 hybrids with three chromosomal levels (triploid, tetraploid, hexaploid; 2n=28, 37 and 55) between Brassica napus L. and 2x and 4x cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata L.) was studied. The oleracea genome from B. napus maintained close homology with the c genome of cabbage while the campestris genome of B. napus showed partial homology with the c genome contained in the hybrids. Genotypic influence on chromosome pairing was indicated. Structural chromosome differences and spontaneous chromosome breakage and reunion were suggested as causes for the abnormalities which related to the unbalance of the genotypes. The divergence of the genomes of B. napus and B. oleracea and the need for the qualification of the term secondary association were discussed.Contribution No. J. 673, Research Station, Agriculture Canada, St. Jean, Québec. 相似文献
6.
Summary Intergeneric hybrids (F1) Diplotaxis erucoides (DeDe) x Brassica napus (AACC) and the first backcross to B. napus (BC1) have been obtained through in vitro culture of excised ovaries. The chromosome numbers of F1 and BC1 plants proved the occurrence of unreduced gametes. The study of metaphase I chromosome pairing showed that autosyndesis in De genome and allosyndesis between De and A/C genomes might exist. The male fertility of the F1 plants was low. Some male-sterile plants were found in F1 and BC1 progeny. The possibilities of creating addition lines B. napus-D. erucoides and of obtaining a new cytoplasmic male sterility in B. napus are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Summary F1 hybrids of triazine resistant Brassica napus and triazine susceptible B. oleracea were morphologically intermediate to the parent species. Of 49 hybrids examined, 44 had 28 chromosomes, two had 37, one had 38 and two had 56. The 38-chromosome plant was thought to be a matromorph, the others, A1C1C (28), A1C1CC (37) or A1A1C1C1CC (56) type hybrids. Pollen stainability averaged 9.0% in the sesquidiploid, 32.0% in the tetraploids and 89.5% in the hexaploids. All the interspecific hybrids were resistant to 1.0×10-4 mol L-1 atrazine. The sesquidiploid hybrids produced gametes with chromosome numbers ranging from 9 to 17 and the tetraploid hybrid gametes had chromosome numbers from 15 to 22. Most hybrids produced self-seed. The partial fertility of these hybrids may permit their backcrossing to one or both parents. 相似文献
8.
Inheritance of seed colour in Brassica campestris L. and breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus L. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary Seed colour inheritance was studied in five yellow-seeded and one black-seeded B. campestris accessions. Diallel crosses between the yellow-seeded types indicated that the four var. yellow sarson accessions of Indian origin had the same genotype for seed colour but were different from the Swedish yellow-seeded breeding line. Black seed colour was dominant over yellow. The segregation patterns for seed colour in F2 (Including reciprocals) and BC1 (backcross of F1 to the yellow-seeded parent) indicated that the black seed colour was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Seed colour was mainly controlled by the maternal genotype but influenced by the interplay between the maternal and endosperm and/or embryonic genotypes. For developing yellow-seeded B. napus genotypes, resynthesized B. napus lines containing genes for yellow seed (Chen et al., 1988) were crossed with B. napus of yellow/brown seeds, or with yellow-seeded B. carinata. Yellow-seeded F2 plants were found in the crosses that involved the B. napus breeding line. However, this yellow-seeded character did not breed true up to F4. Crosses between a yellow-seeded F3 plant and a monogenomically controlled black-seeded B. napus line of resynthesized origin revealed that the black-seeded trait in the B. alboglabra genome was possibly governed by two independently dominant genes with duplicated effect. Crossability between the resynthesized B. napus lines as female and B. carinata as male was fairly high. The sterility of the F1 plants prevented further breeding progress for developing yellow-seeded B. napus by this strategy. 相似文献
9.
Summary When an inbred line of cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L., was crossed with an inbred line of broccoli B. oleraceae var. italica, the F1 progeny were vigorous late annuals. All F1 × broccoli backcross plants and 92% of the 3260 F2 plants were annuals, while 40% of the F1 × cabbage backcross plants were biennials. Annual habit is thus dominant and controlled by more than a single gene. Number of days to bud appearance in annuals varied continuously, and was primarily additive in inheritance. F1 data suggested partial dominance for lateness but this was not supported by the F2. Internode length was also continuous in distribution and primarily additive in inheritance, but with some dominance for short internodes in the F1. Cabbage head forming ability was recessive and multigenic, with 2% of the F2 plants forming heads, of which none were of commercial type and about half bolted as annuals. There was a significant chi square association between biennial habit and tendency for cabbage head formation. Clasping habit of terminal leaves was recessive to open leaves, multigenic, and associated with both cabbage heading and biennial habit.Technical Paper 4836, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; from an M.S. thesis by the senior author. 相似文献
10.
N. N. Roy 《Euphytica》1978,27(1):145-149
Summary F1 behaviour and F2 variation in disease reaction were studied in the interspecific cross Brassica juncea x B. napus. Gene(s) for adult resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) were found to be present in the A genome of B. juncea and could be transferred to B. napus. Gene(s) for complete (seedling plus adult) resistance in B. juncea appeared to be located in the B genome. The chance of their transfer to the oilseed rapes (B. napus or B. campestris) would therefore seem to be remote. 相似文献
11.
N. Inomata 《Euphytica》2003,133(1):57-64
The cytogenetic study was investigated in the intergeneric F1 hybrid, F2and backcross progenies (BC1). The plants used were Brassica juncea(2n=36) and Diplotaxis virgata(2n=18). Three intergeneric F1 hybrids between two species were produced through ovary culture. They showed 36 chromosomes. It might consist one genome
of B. juncea and two genomes of D. virgata. The morphology of the leaves resembled that of B. juncea. The color of the petals was yellow that was like in D. virgata. The size of the petal was similar to that of B. juncea. The mean pollen fertility was15.3% and the chromosome associations in the first meiotic division were(0–1)IV+(0–2)III+(8–12)II+(12–20)I. Many F2 and BC1seeds were harvested after open pollination and backcross of the F1 hybrids withB. juncea, respectively. The F2seedlings showed different chromosome constitutions and the range was from 28 to54 chromosomes. Most seedlings had 38chromosomes
followed by 36, 40 and 54. The BC1 seedlings also showed different chromosome constitutions and the range was from 29 to 62. Most seedlings had both 40and 54
chromosomes followed by 36, 46 and52. In the first meiotic division of F2 and BC1 plants, a high frequency of bivalent associations was observed in all the various kinds of somatic chromosomes. Many F3 and BC2 seeds were obtained by self-pollination and open pollination of both F2 and BC1 plants, and by backcrossing both F2 and BC1plants with B. juncea, respectively,especially, three type progeny with 36, 40or 54 chromosomes. The somatic chromosomes of the F3 and BC2 plants were further investigated. The bridge plants between B. juncea and D. virgata with 36 chromosomes may be utilized for breeding of other Brassica crops as well as B. juncea.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Summary Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans was assessed in Brassica napus, B. juncea, B. carinata, B. nigra and progeny issuing from an interspecific cross B. napus × B. juncea, using a cotyledon-inoculation test. In these individual plants, brassilexin accumulation was determined following an abiotic, non-specific, elicitation. All the tested B. napus cultivars were highly susceptible to the parasite and weakly accumulated brassilexin. In contrast, B. juncea, B. carinata, and B. nigra usually displayed a hypersensitive response to the inoculation and accumulated more brassilexin than B. napus. The same correlation between resistance to L. maculans and phytoalexin accumulation was observed in the interspecific hybrid progeny. The cotyledon-inoculation test allowed the discrimination of plants displaying a hypersensitive response to the inoculation from those highly sensitive to the parasite, but intermediate disease severity classes were not usually representative of resistance or susceptibility. In this respect, brassilexin determination allowed differentiation, within a set of plants presenting an intermediate response to the pathogen, of plants with a high (B. juncea-like), and with a weak (B. napus-like) ability to accumulate brassilexin.Abbreviations IHP
interspecific hybrid progeny
- JR
B. juncea-type complete resistance to blackleg (Roy, 1984)
- W&D test
cotyledon-inoculation test as described by Williams & Delwiche (1979) 相似文献
13.
甘蓝型油菜(2n=38)与播娘蒿(2n=28)原生质体融合杂种F1连续自交3代,获得F2、F3和F4后代。用细胞学和SSR分子标记方法,分析杂种后代的染色体数目变异、减数分裂行为以及播娘蒿遗传成分的保留情况。结果表明在F2、F3和F4代中,根尖细胞染色体平均数分别为38.47±3.17、37.65±3.23和36.66±2.95,随着自交世代增加呈减少趋势;在杂种后代减数分裂中,观察到染色体桥、染色体落后、染色体周期不同步、不均等分离等现象;杂种后代F2、F3和F4代中检测到播娘蒿特征条带的平均频率分别为9.62%、2.99%和0.31%,呈减少趋势。因此要实现播娘蒿种质向油菜渗入应该重视F2世代的选择。 相似文献
14.
Intergeneric crosses for the transfer of resistance to the beet cyst nematode from Raphanus sativus to Brassica napus 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Summary The possibilities to transfer important traits and in particular resistance to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii, abbrev. BCN) from Raphanus sativus to Brassica napus were investigated. For these studies B. napus, R. sativus, the bridging hybrid ×Brassicoraphanus (Raparadish) as well as offspring of the cross ×Brassicoraphanus (Raparadish) ×B. napus were used. Reciprocal crosses between B. napus and R. sativus were unsuccessful, also with the use of embryo rescue. Crosses between ×Brassicoraphanus as female parent and B. napus resulted in a large number of F1 hybrids, whereas the reciprocal cross yielded mainly matromorphic plants. BC1, BC2 and BC3 plants were obtained from backcrosses with B. napus, which was used as the male parent. F1 hybrids and BC plants showed a large variation for morphology and male and female fertility. Cuttings of some F1 and BC1 plants, obtained from crosses involving resistant plants of ×Brassicoraphanus, were found to possess a level of resistance similar to that of the resistant parent. These results and indications for meiotic pairing between chromosomes of genome R with those of the genomes A and/or C suggest that introgression of the BCN-resistance of Raphanus into B. napus may be achieved. 相似文献
15.
To further utilize the valuable germplasm Orychophragmus violaceus for Brassica genetics and breeding, a B. napus × O. violaceus cross was repeated with embryo rescue. All F1 plants except one B. napus haploid were mixoploids (2n = 17–39 in ovaries) with 2n = 31, 37, 38 and 39 as the maximal chromosome numbers in individuals, but the higher numbers mostly appeared in pollen mother cells (PMCs) with a preponderance of 2n = 30, 37 and 38. Only one chromosome and one chromosome segment of O. violaceus were detected at a low frequency in some ovary cells and PMCs with 2n = 37, 38 and 39 as determined by genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The fatty acid profiles of seeds from the majority of the F1 and F2 plants were similar to those of female B. napus cv. ‘Oro’, but some were obviously different in the percentages of oleic, linoleic and erucic acids, and some F2 plants (2n = 38) with good seed set had high percentages of oleic (>70.0%) or linoleic (to 38.3%) acids and low erucic acid (<1%). Subsequently, many kinds of B. napus aneuploids (2n = 28, 30, 34, 36, 37, 39 and 42), without O. violaceus chromosomes, were derived from F2 progeny and microspores of partial F1 plants. Finally, the cytological mechanisms behind the variations in chromosome numbers were discussed together with the implications of these aneuploids for Brassica genome research and of the plants with altered fatty acid profiles for improving the oil quality of B. napus. 相似文献
16.
Summary The male sterility system MS-1 of Brassica oleracea was studied in order to elucidate if nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions determine this system. Crosses of male sterile MS-1 genotypes with heterozygous MS-5 genotypes gave fully fertile F1 progenies. Selfing of seven F1 plants resulted in five F2 populations showing a 9:7 segregation ratio and two a 3:1 ratio for fertile and male sterile plants. Two F2 progenies deviated from the expected 9:7 or 3:1 segregation ratios for fertile and male sterile plants. Thermosensitivity and distortion of the meiosis are suggested as the causal factors underlying the deviation of the segregation ratios. It was concluded that nuclear factors determine the male sterility in the MS-1 system, because the presence of a nucleocytoplasmic interaction in this system should have given only a 3:1 segregation ratio for fertile and male sterile plants in the F2 generation. 相似文献
17.
Interspecific transfer of Brassica juncea-type high blackleg resistance to Brassica napus 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
N. N. Roy 《Euphytica》1984,33(2):295-303
Summary Complete resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of blackleg of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), was transferred from B. juncea to B. napus through an interspecific cross. B. juncea-type complete resistance (JR) was recognized first in one F3 progeny (OnapJR) by the absence of leaf-lesions on seedlings and canker-free adult plants. The commercially important characters of B. napus were retained in advanced lines of OnapJR, which combined JR with low erucic acid levels (<0.5%), high seed yield and variable maturity dates.JR appeared to be inherited as a major gene or genes. Segregation for resistance and susceptibility contintied to occur during later generations of selection of OnapJR. JR was readily transferred from OnapJR to other suitable B. napus cultivars or lines with partial resistance to blackleg and resulted in highly vigorous carly generation selections adapted to cold, wet situations along with complete resistance to blackleg. 相似文献
18.
N. Inomata 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):87-93
Brassica napus (2n = 38) and Diplotaxis harra (2n = 26) were used to investigate gene transfer from D. harra to B. napus. Intergeneric F1 hybrids (dihaploid 2n = 32 chromosomes) were obtained through ovary culture. The chromosome associations in the first meiotic division was (0–2)III + (2–10)II + (12–28)I. Many seeds were harvested in the F1 hybrid after backcrossing with B. napus, and from open pollination of the F1 hybrid. Somatic chromosome numbers of BC1 and hybrid plants varied from 2n = 26 to 52. In the first meiotic division, high frequencies of bivalent association and relatively low pollen fertility were
observed. BC2 plants generated from the BC1 plants with 2n = 38 chromosomes, 69.6% showed 2n = 38 chromosomes. Many aneuploids with addition and deletion of chromosomes were also obtained. A bridge plant between B. napus and D. harra with 2n = 32 chromosomes should be valuable material for the breeding of brassica crops. 相似文献
19.
Summary Crosses between an early flowering inbred broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) HS140 and four later maturing inbred lines, S301, S310, s318, and S258, were studied to determine the inheritance of earliness as expressed by days to first open flower. Mean days to first flower for F1 and F2 were almost identical, and were close to the mean of the two parents in three crosses, indicating additive inheritance. In the cross HS140×S258, for which no F1 plants were available, the F2 mean was closer to the mean of the early parent, but this was likely due to a distortion of the data caused by the very late maturation of S258, the latest maturing parent in the study. Frequency distribution for parents and progenies supported the conclusions from parent and progeny mean values and indicated that days to maturity is a quantitative character, with mostly additive inheritance.Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 7578. 相似文献
20.
Somatic hybrids between Sinapis alba (2n= 24) and Brassica oleracea (2n= 18) have been backcrossed with the B. oleracea parent. Whereas backcrosses with the diploid B. oleracea parent were unsuccessful, 344 BC1 seeds could be obtained from inter-valence crosses with tetraploid B. oleracea (2n= 4x= 36). The investigated 96 BC1 plants segregated for morphological traits and for fertility. They were backcrossed with diploid B. oleracea or self-pollinated, depending on their male fertility. The BC1F2 and BC2 progenies segregated well for the morphological traits. Disturbances were observed especially in the generative phase (flower development and pollen fertility). Both male fertile and male sterile BC1F2 and BC2 plants were obtained and backcrossed or self-pollinated with the B. oleracea parent. The presence of either one of the parental or the cybrid organelle genomes was detected. In the progenies, a stable maternal inheritance of the organelle genome patterns was observed. Isozyme analyses revealed polymorphism for the leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) which was used for the identification of S. alba genes in the progenies. Cytological investigations showed a clear differentiation between the BC1F2 and BC2 plants. Whereas the BC1F2 plants possess large numbers of chromosomes ranging from 34 to 40, the BC2 material was strongly reduced to chromosome numbers ranging from 20 to 22. Preliminary investigation of the meiosis suggests the possibility of introgressions of S. alba-DNA into the B. oleracea genome. 相似文献