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1.
禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)是小麦上的重要病原真菌。通过致病性测定从江苏小麦茎基腐病病害样本分离菌中筛选到了对小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病都有强致病力的F.graminearum菌株GF1117。为了对F.graminearum进行生物防治,利用稀释涂布平板法和平板对峙法从小麦不同生境中分离筛选到35株对GF1117具有明显拮抗效果的细菌菌株,分别在田间和温室进行了小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的生物防治试验。结果表明,35株拮抗细菌对小麦赤霉病均有一定的防治效果,且在小麦感病品种和中抗品种上对茎基腐病的防效不同;菌株1-8对两种病害的防效都在45%以上。 相似文献
2.
河南省玉米茎腐病病原菌分离与致病性测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
连续两年从河南省主要玉米产区采集玉米茎腐病病害标本进行分离,对病原菌的种类和致病性进行鉴定与测定。结果表明,河南省玉米茎腐病的病原菌为禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearumSchwabe)、轮枝镰孢(F.verticillioides)和腐霉菌(Pythiumsp.),其中,禾谷镰孢的分离频率最高,平均分离频率为43.12%;轮枝镰孢次之,平均分离频率为23.13%;腐霉菌的分离频率较低,平均分离频率为6.25%。禾谷镰孢的致病性最强,腐霉菌次之,轮枝镰孢的致病性最弱。禾谷镰孢是河南省玉米茎腐病最主要的病原菌。 相似文献
3.
近年来,黄淮地区小麦茎基腐病发生严重,假禾谷镰刀菌是黄淮地区小麦茎基腐病的优势病原菌,同时也可引起小麦赤霉病。为明确假禾谷镰刀菌与小麦赤霉病的关系,本研究从山东省商河县小麦茎基腐病重病田块分别采集苗期和成熟期小麦病株,通过分离鉴定发现,苗期小麦茎基腐病的优势病原菌为假禾谷镰刀菌,且致病性试验结果显示,假禾谷镰刀菌在人工接种条件下能够引起严重的小麦赤霉病;此外,在小麦苗期田间的玉米秸秆上能够观察到尚未成熟的子囊壳,对子囊壳进行真菌分离鉴定,发现其包含禾谷镰刀菌和假禾谷镰刀菌形成的子囊壳。在小麦成熟期,从小麦赤霉病病穗中也分离到了假禾谷镰刀菌。这是山东省首次报道假禾谷镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病。综上,在小麦茎基部和穗部均能分离到假禾谷镰刀菌,且假禾谷镰刀菌在人工接种条件下能够引起严重的小麦赤霉病。结合当前黄淮地区小麦茎基腐病严重发生以及普遍秸秆还田的现状,推测假禾谷镰刀菌可能会助推小麦赤霉病的发生流行。 相似文献
4.
假禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)是黄淮麦区小麦茎基腐病的优势病原菌。为比较假禾谷镰孢菌对小麦茎基部和穗部的致病力,选取实验室前期分离并保存的272个假禾谷镰孢菌菌株,通过室内小麦苗期茎基部接种法和田间扬花期穗部单花滴注接种法对其进行致病力检测。室内苗期茎基部接种结果显示,强、中等和弱致病力的菌株分别有109、137和26个。选择在小麦苗期茎基部表现为强、中等和弱致病力的菌株各17个,通过田间穗部单花滴注接种法检测其对小麦穗部的致病力,结果表明,51个菌株在小麦穗部均可致病,并引起不同程度的枯白穗症状,其中强、中等和弱致病力菌株分别有18、21和12个。进一步对小麦茎基部和穗部的致病力进行比较,发现同一菌株对小麦茎基部和穗部的致病力没有明显相关性。 相似文献
5.
鲁西南地区小麦茎基腐病病原菌鉴定及其致病力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确山东小麦茎基腐病害主要致病菌组成及其致病力,于2016年在山东省聊城、德州、临沂市共7个地点采集了具有典型茎基腐症状的病株并对其主要致病菌进行了分离、鉴定和致病力分析。结果共分离到45株病原真菌,其中有22株为镰孢菌,分别属于假禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium pseudograminearum）、禾谷镰孢菌（F.graminearum）和亚洲镰孢菌（F.asiaticum）,以假禾谷镰孢菌（F.pseudograminearum）分离频率最高,占所有镰孢菌株的68.18%;其余菌株属于链格孢菌（Alternaria spp.）。对22株镰孢菌进行小麦苗期致病力及重分离率测定发现,假禾谷镰孢菌（F.pseudograminearum）的致病力明显强于禾谷镰孢菌和亚洲镰孢菌,后两者的致病力相差不大;3种病原菌的重分离率均大于40%,病原菌测序鉴定结果与接种病原菌一致。 相似文献
6.
为明确陕西省小麦不同部位镰刀菌种群结构及其毒素化学型，于2022年小麦灌浆期分别从陕西省渭南市、宝鸡市、咸阳市、西安市采集小麦穗部、茎秆以及茎基部具有明显病状的样品，采用单孢分离法获得镰刀菌菌株，并使用分子生物学鉴定其种群结构及毒素化学型。结果表明，从采集的样本中共分离到156株镰刀菌菌株，其中发生在穗部的赤霉病以及发生在茎秆的秆腐病的优势病原菌均为禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum），主要以15-ADON化学型为主；发生在茎基部的茎基腐病的优势病原菌为假禾谷镰刀菌（F.pseudograminearum），其15-ADON和3-ADON化学型占比差异不大；未检测到NIV毒素化学型的镰刀菌。以上结果说明，小麦不同部位对镰刀菌毒素化学型可能不存在选择性，小麦茎基部与穗部和茎秆的镰刀菌毒素化学型不同，原因可能是由优势病原菌不同造成的。 相似文献
7.
花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病在我国各花生产区发生严重,其病原菌的组成和优势种群尚不明确。本研究于2020年从河南省6个市的花生种植区采集病株样品,共分离得到151个菌株,其中花生根腐病菌41株、茎腐病菌71株、果腐病菌39株。真菌形态鉴定和利用rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列进行分子鉴定的结果表明,这些菌株均为镰孢菌,分别属于木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)、变红镰孢菌(F.incarnatum)、尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)、层出镰孢菌(F.proliferatum)和茄病镰孢菌(F.solani);从花生根腐和茎腐病样品中都可以检出这5种镰孢菌,果腐病样品中未能检出层出镰孢菌。尖孢镰孢菌在供试的花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病样品中检出率最高,分别为39.02%、30.99%和56.41%。根据柯赫氏法则验证了这5种镰孢菌均对花生具有致病性。本研究明确了河南省花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病的致病镰孢菌组成和优势种群,为病害防控奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
玉米茎腐病病原禾谷镰孢拮抗菌筛选及分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
禾谷镰孢引起的玉米茎腐病会导致玉米产量锐减,筛选高效的拮抗菌株对防治玉米茎腐病尤为重要。采用稀释培养法从土壤中分离得到810株细菌,通过平板对峙法和16S rDNA分子测序方法进行拮抗菌的筛选和分子鉴定,共分离出禾谷镰孢拮抗菌23株,占分离细菌总数的2.84%,抑菌圈直径10.12～27.56 mm。拮抗细菌主要分布在厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)3个门及芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)5个属中,其中,芽孢杆菌属细菌数量最多且拮抗能力较强,暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis)的拮抗活性最强,具有较大的生防潜力。实验分离的23株菌株对禾谷镰孢有较好的拮抗活性,在玉米茎腐病防控中具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
9.
玉米茎腐病禾谷镰孢菌的系统分离 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对田间玉米自然病株及接种苗的系统分离表明,禾谷镰孢菌难以通过体内系统侵染引起穗腐病;带菌种子可以成为第二年的初侵染源,引起苗病,因此种子消毒是预防茎腐病的有效措施. 相似文献
10.
我国冬小麦主产省小麦茎基腐镰孢菌的组成及其致病力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解我国小麦茎基腐病的致病菌镰孢菌(Fusariumspp.)的组成,2009-2012年从江苏、安徽、河南、河北、山东等5个冬小麦主产省采集茎基腐病样本,从中分离了135个镰孢菌菌株,用PCR-RFLP和ITS序列分析的方法进行了种群鉴定,并分别在温室和田间条件下对不同种群及化学型菌株进行致病力测定。结果表明,在分离的135株病菌中,103株为F.asiaticum,17株为F.graminearum,其余为F.acuminatum、F.pseudoraminearum和F.avenaceum,说明引起我国小麦茎基腐的镰孢菌主要由F.asiaticum和F.graminearum组成,且以F.asiaticum种群分布为主。在120个镰孢菌综合物种菌株(F.asiaticum和F.graminearum)中,79株为3-AcDON化学型,17株为15-AcDON化学型,24株为NIV化学型。在F.graminearum菌株中只发现15-AcDON化学型;在F.asiaticum菌株中存在2种化学型,以3-AcDON化学型菌株为主,少部分为NIV化学型菌株。F.asiaticum种群致病力略高于F.graminearum种群,DON化学型菌株致病力略高于NIV化学型菌株,但均无显著性差异。 相似文献
11.
S. Landschoot K. Audenaert W. WaegemanB. Pycke B. BekaertB. De Baets G. Haesaert 《Crop Protection》2011,30(10):1297-1305
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease and is influenced by weather conditions and agronomic factors. Since FHB is a mostly monocyclic disease, the quantity of primary inoculum is a key factor influencing its incidence. To investigate the connection between the primary Fusarium inoculum and the final population on wheat ears, naturally occurring populations of Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium poae and Microdochium nivale were studied at eight locations in Flanders, Belgium during the growing seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. To determine the composition of the primary inoculums in November, weeds, wheat and maize residues as well as soil samples were examined. At the end of the growing season, in July, the population on wheat ears was determined. In both growing seasons, the population was characterized by a large complexity and a differential composition at each location and for each type of sample. Nevertheless, some clear correspondences were observed: F. culmorum was a predominant species in crop residues and in soil samples in November, while the population on wheat ears in July consisted mainly of F. graminearum and F. poae, with only a lower frequency of F. culmorum, indicating that soil is not an important source of primary inoculum. The presence of M. nivale was restricted to weeds, crop residues and soil samples in November, and was nearly absent in July at the majority of locations. Finally, our results also indicate that the Fusarium population in July is more complex than the population at the beginning of the season in November. The information of the primary inoculum and the composition of the FHB population at the end of the growing season is important to predict FHB incidence and to implement control strategies for FHB. 相似文献
12.
利用形态学和分子鉴定技术,从玉米穗腐病病穗上分离并鉴定到17个禾谷镰孢菌株。以玉米自交系X178、593和 B73为材料,对其中5个产孢能力强的菌株通过玉米发芽抑制试验进行致病力测试。结果表明,菌株FG14对测试自交系的平均发芽抑制率达54.10%;FG7最低,仅有23.22%,两者相差2.3倍。选用5个菌株在田间分别接种B73和LH59果穗,两个自交系对菌株FG14和FG21的抗性评价均为感,FG7为中抗。种子发芽和田间接种鉴定结果均表明,禾谷镰孢菌株间致病力存在显著差异。试验明确不同菌株对穗腐病抗性鉴定的影响,获得的菌株为玉米种质的穗腐病抗性筛选提供理论参考。 相似文献
13.
Weeds and wild plants around and within crops could serve as alternative hosts of fungal pathogens. In this work we describe the isolation of Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in Argentina from the inflorescences of healthy weed plants belonging to sixty seven gramineous and non-gramineous species, which showed no symptoms of Fusarium infection, sampled throughout a year. Fifty four of the weed species considered, belonging to 19 botanical families, were first identified as alternative hosts of F. graminearum in the present work. Furthermore, the trichothecene chemotype of a group of isolates was analysed and strains belonging to 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and nivalenol chemotypes were found. The information provided could prove valuable to study further the epidemiological role of weeds in FHB epidemics, which might help to improve management of the disease in wheat growing areas. 相似文献
14.
J.W. Muthomi J.K. Ndung&#x;u J.K. Gathumbi E.W. Mutitu J.M. Wagacha 《Crop Protection》2008,27(8):1215-1219
Freshly harvested wheat grain samples were collected during the 2004 growing season to determine the presence of head blight-causing Fusarium species. Fungal contamination was determined by isolation on agar media, while mycotoxin analysis was by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The wheat grain samples were highly contaminated with fungi, especially Epicoccum, Alternaria and Fusarium species. The mean Fusarium infection rate varied from 13% to 18%, with the major head blight-causing species being Fusarium poae, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium avenaceum. F. graminearum isolates were found to be highly virulent (79% disease severity) and significantly reduced kernel weight. Most grain samples were contaminated with mycotoxins, with a mean incidence rate of up to 75% for deoxynivalenol (DON) and 86% for T-2 toxin. Other mycotoxins detected were zearalenone and aflatoxin B1. Co-occurrence of DON, T-2 toxin and zearalenone was found in up to 35% of the samples. The results suggested the presence of Fusarium head blight and associated mycotoxins in Kenya. The presence of several mycotoxins, even at such low levels, could pose chronic adverse health effects to human and livestock fed on the contaminated wheat products. 相似文献
15.
云南省玉米茎基腐病病原镰孢菌的种群结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从9个不同州市采取玉米茎基腐病病害样本分离纯化并鉴定其病原,分析云南省玉米茎基腐病的主要病原镰孢菌及分布情况,依据形态特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析,云南省玉米茎基腐病的病原包括Fusarium graminearum(40.74%)、F.verticillioides(37.96%)、F.fujikuroi(3.70%)、F.incarnatum(3.70%)、F.oxysporum(1.85%)、F.proliferatum(1.85%)、F.commune(5.55%)、F.chlamydosporum(2.78%)和F.redolens(1.85%)。F.graminearum和F.verticillioides为优势种,F.graminearum主要分布于昆明及其以东的地区,F.verticillioides主要分布于昆明市及其以西的地区,二者在云南的大部分地区均有分布;其余菌株出现频率均低于5.55%,仅分布在1~3个地区。 相似文献