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1.
为挖掘控制春小麦主要籽粒性状的关联SNP及候选基因,以国外引进品种、新疆地方品种、新疆自育品种共298份春小麦品种为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片,对5个环境下小麦千粒重、粒长、粒宽3个主要籽粒性状进行基于Q+K混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)的全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association study,GWAS）。结果表明,供试小麦品种的3个主要籽粒性状在5个环境下的变异系数为3.89%~19.77%,其中粒宽的变异幅度最小,千粒重的变异幅度最大。不同环境中,新疆育成品种的3个主要籽粒性状的平均值均最高,而新疆地方品种的3个籽粒性状的平均值均最低。GWAS结果表明,共检测到84个与小麦主要籽粒性状显著关联的稳定SNP位点,它们分布在小麦的21条染色体上,单个SNP位点可解释3.74%~11.18%的表型变异。在1B、2B、3B、4B、5A、5D染色体上检测到6个同时关联多个籽粒性状的稳定位点。对84个SNP位点进行候选基因筛选,筛选到6个可能与小麦主要籽粒性状相关的候选基因,可作为小麦籽粒研究的重要基因。 相似文献
2.
挖掘小麦产量相关性状的稳定关联位点，为相关基因克隆和分子标记辅助选择提供理论依据。本研究以248个中国北部冬麦区育成品种为材料，利用自主研发的Affymetrix BAAFS Wheat 90K SNP芯片对株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、有效分蘖数、粒长、粒宽和千粒重共8个产量相关性状进行全基因组关联分析。共检测到158个与8个性状显著关联(P≤0.00001)的SNP位点，其中45个位点至少在两个环境中稳定表达，解释平均表型变异的3.60%~10.51%。在这45个位点中，有8个稳定关联位点与以往的研究结果一致；37个为新发现稳定位点，其中3个与株高稳定关联的位点，分布在7D染色体上，解释表型变异的3.60%~4.39%；9个与穗长稳定关联的位点，分别分布在1D、3A、5B和7D染色体上，解释表型变异的5.61%~8.42%；1个与穗粒数稳定关联的位点，分布在7D染色体上，解释表型变异的6.06%~7.22%；8个与有效分蘖数稳定关联的位点，分布在1B染色体上，解释表型变异的6.33%~8.73%；6个与粒长稳定关联的位点，分别分布在2A和5B染色体上，解释表型变异的5.45%~6.62%；7个与粒宽稳定关联的位点，分别分布在4B和5A染色体上，解释表型变异的6.90%~10.51%；3个与千粒重稳定关联的位点，分布在3A染色体上，解释表型变异的7.05%~7.69%；对稳定位点进行候选基因分析，筛选到45个候选基因，其中有功能注释的基因41个，其中4个位于基因内。 相似文献
3.
为探究多环境下大豆子粒大小性状的分子遗传基础,挖掘与子粒大小性状相关的SNP位点和候选基因,利用150份大豆种质资源在2019年和2020年6个环境条件下对大豆子粒粒长、粒宽、粒厚和百粒重性状进行表型测定,并进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明：在CMLM（压缩混合线性）模型下,在6个环境条件下检测到896个与子粒大小性状显著关联的SNP位点,分布于20条染色体。不同性状检测到72个重叠的SNP位点。检测到39个稳定遗传的SNP位点,贡献率为10.68%~24.93%。通过稳定性与重叠性分析,获得35个稳定表达的SNP位点,贡献率为10.92%~23.16%。在粒宽、粒厚及百粒重性状中同时检测到显著关联的SNP位点最多,位点rs16533609的贡献率最高（16.51%）。根据稳定表达的SNP筛选候选基因,推测Glyma.03G006600、Glyma.04G077100、Glyma.08G203600、Glyma.12G195400、Glyma.17G039800、Glyma.18G202100和Glyma.20G215700等7个基因对大豆子粒大小性状有调控作用。 相似文献
4.
为了解西藏半野生小麦粒型性状的QTL差异,以西藏半野生小麦Q1028和郑麦9023(ZM9023)杂交后获得的重组自交系群体为试验材料,于2012、2013和2015年分别在四川农业大学温江试验田种植,对其粒型性状(粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比、籽粒大小)进行遗传分析。结果表明,重组自交系群体粒型性状均呈正态分布,对籽粒大小的影响依次为粒宽、粒厚、粒长。在三个年度环境中,总共检测到33个控制小麦粒长、粒宽、粒厚、籽粒大小和长宽比的QTL位点。其中,13个控制粒长的QTL分布在1B、2B、2D(3个)、3A、4A、5B、6A、6B、7A(3个)染色体上,每个位点对表型变异的贡献率为5.37%~11.57%。6个控制粒宽的QTL分布在2B、2D、4A、5B、6A、7A染色体上,可以解释表型变异的6.43%~12.69%。3个控制粒厚的QTL位于2B和2D(2个)上,表型贡献率分别为12.75%、10.00%和8.49%。9个控制籽粒大小的QTL分别位于2B、2D(2个)、4A、5B、6A、7A(3个)染色体上,单个QTL可解释6.26%~14.69%的表型变异。另外,本研究还在2B、2D、4A、5B、6A、7A染色体上共发现7个QTL富集区,这些染色体上的QTL和富集区与籽粒性状密切相关,在育种中值得关注。其中,2B染色体上XwPt-3561~XwPt-6932分子标记区间内有控制粒长、粒宽、粒厚、籽粒大小的遗传位点,6A染色体上标记wpt-730109与wpt-7063之间有控制增加籽粒宽度和籽粒大小的位点。 相似文献
5.
小麦籽粒形态及千粒重性状的QTL初步定位 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究小麦籽粒形态及千粒重性状的QTL,以普通小麦6044和01-35为杂交组合构建的F8重组自交系（RIL）群体作为试验材料,在山东泰安（山东农业大学试验站）和莱阳（青岛农业大学试验站）两个环境下进行两年田间试验,利用Mapmaker/version 3.0和WinQTLCart软件通过复合区间作图法进行QTL初步定位,在两年两个环境下共检测到12个相关QTL位点,其中关于粒长的2个QTL分别位于2A和2B染色体上,可解释表型变异的25%和12%;4个粒厚QTL位于2A和6A染色体上,可解释表型变异的7%～10%;6个千粒重相关QTL位于染色体2A、4A和6A连锁群上,可解释表型变异的6%～25%;而粒宽QTL在两个地点上都没有检测到。其中相关性高的性状间有一些共同的QTL,表现出一因多效或紧密连锁效应。 相似文献
6.
为了明确小麦籽粒性状的遗传控制基础,以γ射线诱变结合花药培养创制的大粒、高蛋白小麦新种质H307及生产上主栽品种郑麦9023创建的含有310个株系的重组自交系为实验材料,利用QTL-ICIMapping V3.3软件构建了包含133对SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,对千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒面积、周长、粗蛋白和淀粉含量进行QTL分析,结果在两年环境条件下共检测到47个加性QTL和10个QTL富集区,其中6个千粒重QTL,分别位于1D、2B、3D、6D和7A染色体上,单个QTL可解释4.54%~13.14%的表型变异;31个粒形QTL,位于1B、1D、2B、3B、3D、5A、5D、6B、6D、7A和7D染色体上,单个QTL可解释2.90%~15.86%的表型变异;10个粗蛋白和淀粉含量QTL,分别位于1A、1B、4B和6A染色体上,单个QTL可解释3.64%~12.19%的表型变异。2B染色体上检测到1个贡献率较大且能稳定表达的重要染色体区段,该区段包含控制小麦千粒重、粒长、粒宽、籽粒面积和周长的10个QTL。1BL染色体上检测到1个控制籽粒粗蛋白含量的微效QTL,对表型的贡献率为3.64%,与连锁分子标记gwm818的遗传距离为0.22cM,该位点是一个不同于前人研究结果的新位点。 相似文献
7.
小麦籽粒特性与籽粒产量和品质密切相关。本研究以波兰小麦(Tiriticum polonicum L.)×普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品系"中13"杂交组合衍生的99个F8重组自交系(Recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体为材料,利用SSR分子标记构建连锁遗传图谱。根据两年实验数据,利用复合区间作图法对粒重、粒长和粒宽3个籽粒特性相关性状进行了QTL定位分析,共检测到12个与籽粒特性相关的加性QTL位点。其中,3个粒重QTL,1个位于1A染色体上,另外2个都在2A染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的13.35%～20.04%;5个粒长QTL,其中2个位于2A染色体上,其余3个分别位于3A、5A和2B染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的8.53%～21.03%;4个粒宽QTL,分别位于1A、2A、3B和5B染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的9.76%～40.79%。在2A染色体上共检测到5个籽粒特性相关性状的QTL,表明2A染色体与籽粒特性关系密切。 相似文献
8.
为了解小麦NaN3诱变后代籽粒性状的遗传变异规律,利用高通量表型分析软件SmartGrain对小麦新品种陕农33 NaN3诱变群体(M3)籽粒性状进行测量,并进行相关分析、通径分析和主成分分析。结果表明,M3代籽粒性状变异系数表现为千粒重>密度因子>表面积>长宽比>粒宽>圆度>周长>粒长,诱变群体籽粒性状均值除长宽比外均较陕农33不同程度下降。千粒重与籽粒表面积、周长、粒长、粒宽、圆度、密度因子均呈极显著正相关,与长宽比呈极显著负相关。经通径分析,7个籽粒性状对千粒重直接贡献表现为密度因子>粒宽>表面积>周长>长宽比>圆度>粒长,其中,密度因子、粒宽和表面积对千粒重有较大的正效应。主成分分析结果显示,2个主成分（籽粒大小和籽粒形状）累计贡献率达到94.10%,说明2个主成分已经覆盖诱变群体所有籽粒性状的主要变异信息。 相似文献
9.
籽粒硬度是小麦品质评价的重要指标。为挖掘控制小麦籽粒硬度的重要基因/位点,以国内外171个小麦品种组成的自然群体为材料,在4个环境下利用小麦90K SNP芯片对籽粒硬度进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)。171个小麦品种籽粒硬度变异系数为56.59%～66.80%,相关系数为0.88～0.92。GWAS结果表明,共检测到20个与小麦籽粒硬度显著相关的SNPs,其中,14个SNPs(7个位点)在2个及以上环境中能被检测到,分别位于1A、1B、1D、2A、5A和7A染色体上,可解释6.76%～11.79%的表型变异。表型贡献率超过10%的SNPs有4个(3个位点),分布在1D、2A和5A染色体上,其中,1D染色体上的标记wsnp_Ku_c19622_29138795在3个环境中能被检测到,可解释9.08%～11.79%的表型变异;2A染色体上的标记Excalibur_c12675_1789在4个环境中均能被检测到,可解释9.10%～10.86%的表型变异;5A染色体上的标记wsnp_Ra_c24707_34262900和BS00041219_51在2个环境中能被检测到,可解释6.76%～10.35%的表型变异。在所有环境下均与小麦籽粒硬度显著相关的位点有4个,分别位于1A、1B、2A和7A染色体上。 相似文献
10.
为评价粒重相关SSR标记Xgwm46在小麦分子育种工作中的应用效果,以442份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)为材料,鉴定了Xgwm46标记等位变异类型及其分布频率,分析了Xgwm46标记等位变异类型与千粒重、粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积的关联性,并进一步探讨了各种等位变异的育种价值。结果表明,Xgwm46标记可以检测出A、B、C三种类型的等位变异,分布频率分别为31.90%、55.20%和12.90%。关联分析表明,B类型与C类型材料的千粒重(P0.001)、粒长(P0.05)、粒宽(P0.001)和籽粒面积(P0.001)等粒重性状的差异都达到显著水平,而且B类型与粒重性状均呈显著正相关,C类型与粒重性状均呈显著负相关。B类型比C类型的材料平均粒长长0.16mm,粒宽宽0.10mm,籽粒面积大0.81mm2,千粒重重1.98g,其等位变异效应较突出。总之,Xgwm46标记适合用于小麦粒重农艺性状的鉴定与筛选,其中,B类型是粒重性状优异的等位变异,可应用于小麦分子标记辅助选择育种。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献