共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD,EC1.15.1.1)是生物体中清除氧自由基、保护细胞免受氧化损害的关键保护酶之一,SOD活性的提高可以增加植物对各种不良环境的适应和耐受能力。本研究将一个源自嗜热毛壳菌(Chaetomium thermophilum,Ct)的Cu/Zn-SOD基因Ct SOD通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法转入水稻,转基因植株的SOD活性均得到显著提高。对转基因植株分别接种水稻白叶枯病、细菌性条斑病以及纹枯病的病原,发现过量表达Ct SOD能够显著提高转基因植株对3种病害的抗性。这种对多种病害具有抗性的单个基因在植物抗病育种中具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
3.
转基因作物是农业可持续发展的重要组成部分。转基因作物在减少化学农药、提高作物产量、改善品质等多方面具有潜在优势,在农业病虫害生物防治中也起着重要的作用。本文综述了转基因作物的特征及其潜在的环境安全问题,探讨了转基因水稻技术的发展及对环境潜在的生态风险性,分析了转基因水稻对小型兽类种群结构、群落组成和畸变毒性等的影响,进一步分析转基因水稻Bt蛋白通过食物链的在小型脊椎动物体内的迁移转化及富集,本文的研究有助于促进完整而科学的转Bt基因水稻技术规范体系的建立,为我国转Bt基因水稻的环境安全管理和可持续发展提供良好的科学依据。 相似文献
4.
本文测定了田间转crylAb基因水稻（KMDl和KMD2）和两种杀虫剂（吡虫啉和氟虫腈）处理非转基因亲本秀水11后拟环纹豹蛛Pardosapseudoannulata的免疫指标（血细胞总数、包囊能力和酚氧化酶活性）的变化,并以非转基因亲本秀水11无药剂处理的作为对照。研究结果表明,KMDl和KMD2对拟环纹豹蛛的3种免疫因子都没有显著影响;两种杀虫剂处理均导致拟环纹豹蛛的血细胞数量和包囊能力显著下降,酚氧化酶活性略低于对照,即对拟环纹豹蛛的免疫有负面影响。可见,非靶标天敌的免疫能力可考虑作为转基因水稻环境安全性评价的一个简单有效的指标。 相似文献
5.
基因沉默是广泛存在于各种生物中的一种古老现象,是生物抵抗外来入侵者的保护机制。RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）则是近年来发现的一种重要基因沉默现象。此策略已在植物抗病毒育种等研究中应用,如对水稻、大麦、大豆、玉米、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、木瓜、南瓜、李、烟草等的抗病毒研究。在转基因抗病毒展现出诱人的前景时,对转基因抗病毒植物释放的安全性问题的关注也越来越多。本文介绍了RNAi的作用机制,在转基因抗病毒育种中的应用,并探讨了以RNAi为基础的转基因抗病毒作物的食用安全性和环境安全性等问题。 相似文献
6.
本文测定了田间转cry1Ab基因水稻(KMD1和KMD2)和两种杀虫剂(吡虫啉和氟虫腈)处理非转基因亲本秀水11后拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata的免疫指标(血细胞总数、包囊能力和酚氧化酶活性)的变化,并以非转基因亲本秀水11无药剂处理的作为对照。研究结果表明,KMD1和KMD2对拟环纹豹蛛的3种免疫因子都没有显著影响;两种杀虫剂处理均导致拟环纹豹蛛的血细胞数量和包囊能力显著下降,酚氧化酶活性略低于对照,即对拟环纹豹蛛的免疫有负面影响。可见,非靶标天敌的免疫能力可考虑作为转基因水稻环境安全性评价的一个简单有效的指标。 相似文献
7.
土壤是生态系统中物质循环和能量转化过程的重要场所,转基因作物外源基因在土壤环境中的累积已经引起人们的广泛关注。本文以农业部批准发放安全证书的转Bt基因抗虫水稻"华恢1号"为实验材料,研究转Bt基因水稻对土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的影响。实验结果表明,水稻品种对土壤理化性质均无显著影响(P>0.05);不同取样时间田间土壤有机质(P<0.05)和全氮含量(P<0.0001)存在显著差异;不同水稻品种和不同取样时间的交互作用对土壤理化性质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究转基因水稻不同生育期对土壤理化性质的影响,可构建转基因水稻对土壤肥力的安全性评价,为转Bt基因水稻未来的商业化生产提供的理论依据。 相似文献
8.
抗除草剂转基因水稻对稻纵卷叶螟田间自然种群的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
［目的］明确抗除草剂转基因水稻对非目标生物的影响。［方法］以稻纵卷叶螟为指示物种,调查其在抗除草剂转基因籼稻‘Bar68 1’稻田与非转基因亲本对照‘D68’稻田的种群密度、发育进度以及水稻的受害程度。［结果］在转基因和非转基因稻田中,除2007年水稻乳熟期外,稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的发生密度无显著差异;稻纵卷叶螟不同龄期幼虫比例（%）在转基因稻田与非转基因稻田之间表现出较高的一致性;除2007年分蘖末期外,处理与对照间的单株受害叶片数和卷叶率（%）差异均不显著;转基因水稻与对照植株的卷叶指数（%）表现基本一致。［结论］转基因抗除草剂水稻‘Bar68 1’对非目标物种稻纵卷叶螟不造成影响。 相似文献
9.
10.
转Bt基因水稻对土壤跳虫、线虫和螨类种群数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤是生态系统中物质循环和能量转化过程的重要场所,转基因作物外源基因对土壤地下生物的影响已经引起人们的广泛关注。本文以农业部批准发放的转Bt基因抗虫水稻＂华恢1号＂为实验材料,研究转Bt基因水稻对土壤跳虫、线虫和螨类种群数量的影响。实验结果表明,转Bt基因水稻可显著降低长角跳科长角跳属跳虫、中杆属线虫和尖棱甲螨科尖棱甲螨属螨类种群数量,而显著增加等节跳科原等属跳虫、钩唇属线虫种群数量,但转Bt基因水稻对其它属的跳虫、线虫和螨类种群数量无显著影响。研究转基因水稻不同生育期对土壤动物种群数量的影响,可构建转基因水稻对土壤动物的安全性评价,为转Bt基因水稻未来的商业化生产提供的理论依据。 相似文献
11.
12.
BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F1 hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F1 plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
本文以具有抗二化螟性状的Csu-miR260转基因水稻为试验材料, 采用TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR (TaqMan RT-qPCR)和茎环实时荧光定量PCR(stem-loop RT-qPCR)分别对Csu-miR260转基因抗虫水稻中Csu-miR260插入序列和剪切形成的amiR260s的表达情况进行了定量检测。发现Csu-miR260插入序列和剪切形成的20 nt和21 nt两种长度amiR260s在转基因抗虫水稻苗期的根、茎、叶中表达, 且无组织表达特异性。该试验解决了人工miRNA作物中amiRNA及前体检测引物的特异性问题, 为人工miRNA植物干扰序列的表达分析提供技术参考, 并为miRNA转基因作物遗传表达相关安全评价提供了数据参考。 相似文献
14.
Vinod K Shivrain Nilda R Burgos David R Gealy Marites A Sales Kenneth L Smith 《Pest management science》2009,65(10):1124-1129
BACKGROUND: Gene transfer from weeds to crops could produce weedy individuals that might impact upon the evolutionary dynamics of weedy populations, the persistence of escaped genes in agroecosystems and approaches to weed management and containment of transgenic crops. The present aim was to quantify the gene flowrate from weedy red rice to cultivated rice, and evaluate the morphology, phenology and fecundity of resulting hybrids. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart and Rohwer, Arkansas, USA. Twelve red rice accessions and an imazethapyr‐resistant rice (Imi‐R; Clearfield?) were used. RESULTS: Hybrids between Imi‐R rice × red rice were 138–150 cm tall and flowered 1–5 days later than the rice parent, regardless of the red rice parent. Hybrids produced 20–50% more seed than the rice parent, but had equivalent seed production to the majority of red rice parents. Seeds of all hybrids were red, pubescent and dehisced at maturity. For the majority of hybrids, seed germination was higher than that of the red rice parent. The gene flowrate from red rice to rice was 0.01–0.2% and differed by red rice biotype. The hybrids had higher fecundity and potential competitive ability than the rice parent, and in some cases also the red rice parent. CONCLUSIONS: Red rice plants are vectors of gene flow back to cultivated rice and other weedy populations. The progeny of red rice hybrids from cultivated rice mother plants have higher chances of persistence than those from red rice mother plants. Gene flow mitigation strategies should consider this scenario. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
16.
转cry1Ab基因粳稻对稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价转cry1Ab基因粳稻(KMD1和KMD2)对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)成虫产卵行为的影响,采用"Y"型嗅觉仪和笼罩以及田间试验等方法对稻纵卷叶螟成虫对转基因水稻的趋性以及其产卵选择性进行了研究,并利用固相微萃取和GC-MS技术测定了这2种Bt水稻及其对照亲本秀水11挥发物的组成及其相对含量。结果表明,稻纵卷叶螟成虫在"Y"型嗅觉仪和小型笼罩内对Bt水稻和对照亲本的选择性差异不显著,而在大型笼罩和田间条件下均显著趋向于在非转基因水稻上产卵,其中大田中稻纵卷叶螟在KMD1、KMD2和对照中的百叶卵量分别为2.20±1.28、1.00±0.77和5.60±2.16粒。水稻挥发物的组成及其相对含量在Bt水稻及其对照亲本之间差异不显著。表明相对于Bt水稻,在田间条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫趋向于在非转基因水稻产卵,而水稻挥发物可能不是引起这种行为趋性的直接原因。 相似文献
17.
Molecular breeding technologies and strategies for rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) for sustained food security 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Wheat is an important cereal food crop providing key nutrients to humankind. Rusts are the most destructive pathogens of cereal crops, with the exception of rice, across the world and resistant cultivars have been widely employed to reduce the yield losses caused by them. The modern intensive monoculture of cultivars and changing climatic conditions has created congenial conditions for the emergence of new virulent races such as Ug99, which is a great concern for world food security. Conventional breeding efforts have not been effective in quickly developing new varieties with durable and broad‐spectrum resistance against the rapidly evolving rust pathogen races. However, in the last two decades, biotechnological methods such as marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and transgenic technology have provided novel strategies for enhancing resistance levels and durability in crop plants in a short span of time. Nevertheless, broad application of transgenics in agriculture is hindered by biosafety apprehensions. In recent years, improved versions of biotechnological breeding methods such as genomic selection, genome editing technologies, cisgenesis and intragenesis, RNA‐dependent DNA methylation (RdDM), agroinfiltration and reverse breeding are gaining popularity. These technologies provide a tremendous capability to manipulate crop plants more precisely than before and accelerate crop improvement efforts for sustained food production as well as overcoming safety concerns associated with food crops. 相似文献
18.
Ford L Baldwin 《Pest management science》2000,56(7):584-585
This communication discusses the current situation in the USA with regard to the growing of transgenic crops, with particular reference to soybeans, corn, cotton and rice. High costs of production and low prices require and greater production efficiency and transgenic crops help to achieve this goal, particularly with soybeans, cotton and rice. Copyright © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
19.
为明确转cry1Ab+cry1C双价抗虫水稻对二化螟的抗性及其杀虫蛋白的时空表达,本研究采用离体水稻组织生测法系统评价了cry1Ab、cry1C、正交cry1Ab+cry1C和反交cry1C+cry1Ab 4种抗虫水稻品系对二化螟的杀虫效果,并用ELISA方法测定了Cry1Ab、Cry1C蛋白在各个抗虫水稻品系中的表达情况。结果显示,二化螟在不同生育期的4种转基因抗虫水稻上取食的叶面积显著低于非转基因对照亲本明恢63。4个转基因抗虫水稻品系在生长前期（苗期、分蘖和拔节期）对二化螟表现极高的杀虫效果,生长后期（孕穗期和成熟期）杀虫效果有所下降。两双价抗虫水稻杀虫效果最好,其次为转cry1Ab和cry1C水稻。Bt蛋白表达水平随着抗虫水稻生育期的变化而变化,且差异显著;Cry1Ab的蛋白表达量在水稻整个生长期均显著高于Cry1C。Cry1Ab蛋白在单价抗虫水稻叶片和茎杆中均表现出随生育期先升高后下降的趋势,但在双价抗虫水稻中表现出随生育期逐渐下降的趋势。Cry1C蛋白在单、双价抗虫水稻的叶片组织中均表现出逐渐升高的趋势。与单价抗虫水稻相比,双价抗虫水稻中的Cry1Ab、Cry1C的蛋白表达水平并没有表现出显著的降低。因此,双价抗虫水稻不仅能高效防治害虫,还能延缓害虫抗性,在生产上表现出良好的应用前景。该研究结果可望为转Bt基因抗虫作物的环境安全评价提供科学数据和理论依据。 相似文献