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1.
The factors influencing the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt new farming technologies were studied with reference to rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka. Rubber–tea intercropping has been recommended previously to rubber farmers as a means to improve productivity and income during the early pre-tapping phase of rubber growth. Although crop trials have shown that the two crops are agronomically compatible and potentially produce a combined economic yield superior to the yield of a sole crop grown on the same area of land, there is little evidence of widespread adoption of this practice among smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka. The aim of the study was to determine the major factors that influence the decision to undertake rubber–tea intercropping and to construct a predictive model that describes the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by traditional smallholder rubber growers. A rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews of 90 smallholder farmers in the main rubber growing low wet zone of Sri Lanka. Among a number of factors shown to significantly influence the decision to intercrop tea with rubber, three were shown to operate independently, namely level of income, source of income (i.e. solely from own farm or from farm plus additional off-farm enterprises), and availability of land considered suitable for tea cultivation. A statistical model developed through correlation and logistic analysis, which predicts the likelihood of a smallholder adopting intercropping based on these factors, is presented and discussed. The most likely combination of circumstances (82% probability) under which rubber–tea intercropping is practiced is shown to be where the farmer’s income is greater than Rs. 10,000 per month, where the farmer’s income is based solely on own farm enterprises, and where more than 80% of the farmer’s land area was judged to be suitable for tea cultivation. Conversely, 30% of smallholder farmers that chose not to intercrop did possess land suitable for tea cultivation. Qualitative responses to the RRA indicated that limitation of technical knowledge was the main problem subsequently faced by rubber farmers who had adopted rubber–tea intercropping. Results indicate that there is need for both income support through farm subsidies and further agricultural extension services, if rubber–tea intercropping is to be adopted more widely in Sri Lanka. The wider usefulness of the developed logistic model in determining the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by smallholder farmers is discussed. 相似文献
2.
为探究农业机械化发展与农民增收之间的关系,以吉林省1998—2018年的时间序列数据为例,通过灰色关联分析和构建VAR模型,利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解分别探讨农业机械化与农民增收之间的关系。结果表明:农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间的灰色关联度为0.8345,关系比较密切;吉林省农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间存在长期均衡关系。从长期来看,农业机械总动力每增加1%,农民人均纯收入会上涨1.4561%;吉林省农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间存在双向因果关系,两者之间相互影响,而且农业机械化发展对农民人均纯收入增长的影响程度更大。最后,为更好地促进吉林省农业机械化发展提出相关建议。 相似文献
3.
建设现代农业加快推进农业机械化 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
建设现代农业是新时期农业发展的方向。现代农业是以现代农机装备为基础的农业。建设现代农业，促进传统农业向现代农业的转变，推进农业产业化与现代化，发展农村经济，提高农业竞争力，增加农民收入，需要加快推进农业机械化发展，这既是解决农业劳动生产率较低、经济效益不高的重要措施，也是缩小城乡差别、提高农业和农村整体水平的重要条件。本文介绍了我国农业机械化发展现状，分析了我国农业机械化面临的新形势和新任务，提出了现阶段农业机械化发展思路和推进农机化的主要措施。 相似文献
4.
分析广西农业机械化对农民增收的贡献,把握广西农业机械化区域化进程,为促进广西农业机械化的进程和提高农业机械化水平提出可靠性建议。选取影响广西农民收入的6项指标,并运用C-D生产函数建立数学模型,分析2004—2018年的影响广西农民收入的时间序列数据,根据回归结果和对应的弹性系数测算出农业机械化对农民增收的贡献率。2004—2018广西农业机械化对农民增收的贡献率为14.92%,相比2008年全国农业机械化经营收入对农民增收的贡献率为6.51%,2018安徽省农业机械化对农民增收的贡献率为29.40%,广西农业机械化对农民增收的贡献率较低。可扩大生产经营规模、平整土地规格;因地制宜推广和研究适宜广西的农业机械;落实好相关的农机补贴和维修、转移剩余劳动力等工作来提高农业机械对农民增收的作用。 相似文献
5.
随着农村经济的发展,农机规模作业与家庭经营土地分散、农业产业化规模发展三者之间的不协调逐步显露出来。为充分整合挖掘资源,提高农机利用率,增加农机户的收入,宜良县开始尝试组织农机户在就地作业的同时,带领农机手走出家门,积极开展跨区作业,探索出一条由农机部门组织牵头,农机服务中介组织运作的新路子,农机跨区作业取得了明显的成效。 相似文献
6.
文章通过分析研究新阶段农业机械化与农民增收的关系,提出提高劳动生产率是农民增收的根本途径,农业机械化是农业劳动生产率提高的关健,科学发展观是推进农业机械化、促进农民增收的重要指导方针等观点。新阶段我们要抓好5个结合,即推进农业机械化与产业结构调整、与推进优势农产品区域布局、与农业产业化经营、与加快工业化和城镇化进程的结合,加强政府的支持和调控力度与充分发挥市场机制作用的结合。 相似文献
7.
K. Senthilkumar M.T.M.H. LubbersN. de Ridder P.S. BindrabanT.M. Thiyagarajan K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(1):82-93
Improving water use and nitrogen efficiencies is of overall importance to society at large - to conserve scarce water resources and prevent environmental pollution. Efficient cultivation practices for rice which had no yield penalty were not adopted by farmers because of the open access to water free of charge. Well-chosen combinations of policy measures are thus needed to stimulate adoption of new cultivation practices. We developed a multi-objective linear programming (MGLP) model to explore the impact of: (i) modified rice cultivation including water-saving irrigation on farm profit; (ii) water pricing and water quota government policies on adoption of modified rice cultivation by farmers; (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii) to achieve the objectives of both farmers and society at large, and (iv) to study the trade-offs between income, water and nitrogen use. The analysis was carried out on four rice-based farm types for the state of Tamil Nadu, South India. Model results showed that observed farm profit of all four farm types could be increased using current practices simply by optimizing land use for specific crops. Adoption of modified rice cultivation further increased farm profit. Water-saving practices were selected only when water pricing was introduced. Farm profits were reduced even at low water prices but were compensated by farmers through adoption of modified rice cultivation. The combination of policies that stimulate adoption of modified rice cultivation was effective in achieving both increased farm income and water savings. The required water prices differed across farm types and seasons and impacted poor resource-endowed farmers the most. Providing water quotas could protect the poor resource-endowed farmers. The model helped to identify the optimal water price and water quota for each farm type to achieve both the objectives of farmers and society at large. Opportunities for reducing water use and avoiding environmental pollution at acceptable profits are available for all farm types, but need to be tailored to the farmers’ resource endowments. 相似文献
8.
农机大户在农业机械化发展中发挥着主导作用，为我国农业现代化的发展做出了积极贡献。随着农机大户的纷纷涌现和作业管理规范的缺失，农机大户在经营过程中遇到了很多困难，如何破解这些难题，找到发展对策是值得研究的新课题。分析了当前农机大户经营面临的困境，提出了几点解决对策。 相似文献
9.
农业机械化对农业经济贡献率实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业机械化是我国农业实现现代化的必由之路,在促进农业经济增长和农民增收方面起着重要作用。本文利用1978～2009年的统计数据分析了农业机械化对农业经济的促进作用,通过柯布—道格拉斯生产函数实证分析得出结论:我国农业机械化对农业经济贡献率为17.19%,现阶段农业机械化是促进农业经济发展的重要因素。 相似文献
10.
发展农业机械化,是全面建设小康社会的有效途径。农业机械化有利于促进农业节本增效,拓宽农民增收的途径,缩小城乡、工农差距,不断提高广大农民的生活质量和水平。 相似文献
11.
在共同富裕和农业现代化背景下,探讨农业机械化对规模经营农户收入的影响有重要现实意义。基于江苏省433个种植类家庭农场的抽样调查数据,用OLS模型和分位数回归模型在微观层面实证分析二者的关系和作用机制。研究结果表明：农业机械化显著促进了家庭农场增收,且对不同收入群体的增收效果存在差异,农业机械化对中、低收入家庭农场的增收作用更大,从而有利于缩小收入差距;农业机械化主要通过提高家庭农场的农业收入而提高其总收入,从而有利于家庭农场的专业化经营;对于种植作物类型不同的家庭农场,农业机械化对其收入的影响存在异质性,农业机械化显著促进种植纯粮食作物的家庭农场增收,而对种植纯经济作物的家庭农场增收效果不显著;农业机械化通过提高家庭农场的经营规模,进而提高其农业收入和总收入。为促进农民增收、实现共同富裕,建议对农户的农机购置给予更多样化的政策支持,发展农机社会化服务,推动土地经营权有序流转,并进一步为家庭农场的适度规模经营提供制度保障。 相似文献
12.
黄正林 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):113-115
随着农业机械化的发展,农用机具已成为农村主要生产、交通运输工具之一,给农民的生产和生活带来了极大的便利,对农业增产、农民增收发挥了巨大作用。但农机监理失管失控面较大,农机无牌无证、酒后驾驶、违章载人等严重违章现象较为突出,危害极大。对农机＂黑车＂的现状进行深刻分析,指出＂黑车＂产生的原因,提出对农机＂黑车＂的整治对策。 相似文献
13.
K.E. Giller P. TittonellM.C. Rufino M.T. van WijkS. Zingore P. MapfumoS. Adjei-Nsiah M. HerreroR. Chikowo M. Corbeels E.C. RoweF. Baijukya A. MwijageJ. Smith E. YeboahW.J. van der Burg O.M. SanogoM. Misiko N. de RidderS. Karanja C. KaizziJ. K’ungu M. MwaleD. Nwaga C. PaciniB. Vanlauwe 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(2):191-203
African farming systems are highly heterogeneous: between agroecological and socioeconomic environments, in the wide variability in farmers’ resource endowments and in farm management. This means that single solutions (or ‘silver bullets’) for improving farm productivity do not exist. Yet to date few approaches to understand constraints and explore options for change have tackled the bewildering complexity of African farming systems. In this paper we describe the Nutrient Use in Animal and Cropping systems - Efficiencies and Scales (NUANCES) framework. NUANCES offers a structured approach to unravel and understand the complexity of African farming to identify what we term ‘best-fit’ technologies - technologies targeted to specific types of farmers and to specific niches within their farms. The NUANCES framework is not ‘just another computer model’! We combine the tools of systems analysis and experimentation, detailed field observations and surveys, incorporate expert knowledge (local knowledge and results of research), generate databases, and apply simulation models to analyse performance of farms, and the impacts of introducing new technologies. We have analysed and described complexity of farming systems, their external drivers and some of the mechanisms that result in (in)efficient use of scarce resources. Studying sites across sub-Saharan Africa has provided insights in the trajectories of change in farming systems in response to population growth, economic conditions and climate variability (cycles of drier and wetter years) and climate change. In regions where human population is dense and land scarce, farm typologies have proven useful to target technologies between farmers of different production objectives and resource endowment (notably in terms of land, labour and capacity for investment). In such regions we could categorise types of fields on the basis of their responsiveness to soil improving technologies along soil fertility gradients, relying on local indicators to differentiate those that may be managed through ‘maintenance fertilization’ from fields that are highly-responsive to fertilizers and fields that require rehabilitation before yields can improved. Where human population pressure on the land is less intense, farm and field types are harder to discern, without clear patterns. Nutrient cycling through livestock is in principle not efficient for increasing food production due to increased nutrient losses, but is attractive for farmers due to the multiple functions of livestock. We identified trade-offs between income generation, soil conservation and community agreements through optimising concurrent objectives at farm and village levels. These examples show that future analyses must focus at farm and farming system level and not at the level of individual fields to achieve appropriate targeting of technologies - both between locations and between farms at any given location. The approach for integrated assessment described here can be used ex ante to explore the potential of best-fit technologies and the ways they can be best combined at farm level. The dynamic and integrated nature of the framework allows the impact of changes in external drivers such as climate change or development policy to be analysed. Fundamental questions for integrated analysis relate to the site-specific knowledge and the simplification of processes required to integrate and move from one level to the next. 相似文献
14.
Our study area in the Chaobai watershed, upstream of Miyun Reservoir, has been undergoing agricultural water transfers to downstream municipal uses in Beijing. We examine the impacts of water reallocation on crop production and farmers’ income and discuss issues relating to current compensation mechanisms. We use data from a survey of 349 farm households and their farm plots in the upper Chaobai watershed within Hebei province. Water reallocation from upstream to downstream areas has reduced agricultural water supply and the area irrigated. Regression results show that in plots deprived of irrigation, maize yields decrease by 21% and crop revenues decline by 32%. On average, losing irrigation on one hectare of cultivated land reduces net crop income by 2422 yuan. We examine compensation arrangements and social equity for the major policies implemented in the region and we identify gaps between current compensation levels and farmers’ income and production losses. The current compensation received by farmers is generally lower than the losses incurred due to reduced irrigation. A more appropriate compensation mechanism is called for in future water transfers. 相似文献
15.
This paper discusses linear programming simulations at individual farm-level of potential income changes that may result from conversion to organic farming. The model is based on both conventional farm accountancy data and additional conventional and organic farm data from sector expertise and literature. The model is applied for Belgian agriculture. Simulations show that economic potential for conversion is higher than generally perceived, provided that farmers are willing to change farm management practices. However, the economic conversion potential (ECP) is not positive for all farms, not even when an optimal conversion process is assumed and it depends on farm type and farm characteristics. Additionally, due to higher risk and liquidity problems during the transition period, the positive results need to be put into perspective. Nevertheless, the differentiated ECP calculations can give new insights supporting farm-level policy choices with respect to conversion to organic farming. 相似文献
16.
《Agricultural Water Management》2005,72(3):161-175
Water markets can improve water use efficiency through the transfer of water to users who can obtain the highest marginal return from using it. Existing water markets are implemented among farmers or between farmers and urban water companies or hydropower companies. Several studies have shown that farmers may benefit from trading water mainly in countries where water scarcity is increasing and new water supply projects are either very costly or not possible because of environmental concerns. This paper estimates the potential benefits and losses of implementing water market among farmers and between farmers and urban water company in Tunisia. We used linear programming to examine four separate farm models and an aggregate model. The method is applied to an irrigation area of 4500 ha in Northern Tunisia. Results indicate that water trading among farmers would be quite limited and would have a minor impact on farmers’ income. In contrast, the market among farmers and the urban water company offers higher volumes of water trades to urban users and helps increase farmers’ profitability by up to 7.9%. The sale of water to the urban company is accompanied by a decrease in occasional labor by as much as 34.8% and a decrease of up to 17.6% in farmers’ expenditures for inputs and machinery. Additionally, results obtained in this paper show that inter-year storage of irrigation water may be more advantageous than selling water to the urban utility. Whether farmers would opt to sell water or inter-temporarily store it would depend on the establishment of water rights and the empowerment of farmers. 相似文献
17.
21世纪的经济、科技高速发展,中国面临新的挑战,特别是中国农业将面临更大的机遇与挑战。而农业的机械化代表着先进的农业生产力,是减轻农民劳动强度,农民增收的有效途径,更是农业现代化的重要组成部分并起着决定性的作用。 相似文献
18.
千阳县多年来致力于城镇化发展与农机化体系建设，加速当地新农村建设步伐，走出了一条兴县富民的农机化路子，初步建成了一些城镇化发展和谐新村。就千阳县城镇化目标及小城镇发展中存在的主要问题和困难，提出了加快城镇化进程的农机化发展策略。 相似文献
19.
从影响天津市农业机械化发展水平的因素中,按照影响强度、影响的直接性与间接性及可观测性选出农机总动力、政府对农机事业的投入、农机社会化服务组织、农机户农机经营总收入和农机化培训5个主要因素。介绍了灰色关联法的概念和计算步骤,采用这5个主要影响因素2000—2008年的统计数据,运用灰色关联法进行定量计算,对各影响因素排序,并与2007、2006和2005年的计算结果进行了对比研究。结果表明,农机社会化服务程度与农业机械化综合发展水平的关联度由2005年和2006年的第4位上升到2007年和2008年的第3位。因此认为,从2007年开始,农机社会化服务组织对农业机械化发展水平的影响更加显著。 相似文献
20.
K. Senthilkumar P.S. Bindraban N. de Ridder K.E. Giller 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1851-1860
Efficient water use in rice cultivation is a prerequisite for sustaining food security for the rice consuming population of India. Novel rice production practices, including water-saving techniques, modifications in transplanting, spacing, weeding and nutrient management, have been developed and shown to be effective on farm, but adoption of these techniques by farmers has remained restricted. Potential constraints include technical difficulties with new practices, and labour and gender issues which differ between farms. On the basis of a rapid survey of 100 rice-based farms, four farm types were identified based on their socio-economic and biophysical characteristics. Detailed farm surveys were conducted on three representative farms of each farm type to evaluate land use patterns, use of inputs such as water, labour, nutrient, capital and machinery, income from crop and animal production and off-farm activities. Opportunities exist for one or more new rice cultivation techniques to be adopted in all the four farm types. For all farm types, however, the opportunities for use of water-saving irrigation were the least promising. In general, adoption of water-saving irrigation will not improve farmers’ livelihoods despite its importance in reducing water scarcity problems at regional scale. At farm scale, the potential for adoption of water-saving irrigation depends on the season, location of fields and the irrigation source. Changes in government policies such as rules and regulations, pricing, institution building and infrastructure development, as well as training and education of farmers are needed to improve the adoption of modified methods for rice cultivation. 相似文献