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兰属植物是市场上流行的观赏花卉,其中建兰具有极高的观赏价值。目前,因建兰叶片极易染病,导致其观赏价值大幅下降,因此,本研究对16个建兰（Cymbidium ensifolium）品种的叶片气孔和横切结构进行测定,探究叶片微观结构间的差异,以期为建兰叶片功能性状研究及病虫害防治提供参考依据。利用NIS-Elements D软件对叶片表皮气孔进行测量,观测指标包括气孔器的长轴、短轴、气孔面积和气孔密度,发现建兰的气孔主要集中在下表皮,16个品种中仅‘大青’‘锦旗’2个品种上表皮有少量的气孔分布;利用NIKON数码荧光显微镜、光学数码成像系统和NIS-Elments D软件在20倍镜下对叶片的中脉长轴、中脉短轴、上表皮厚、下表皮厚、叶片厚和叶肉厚进行观测,采用SPSS软件对实验数据进行方差分析和多重比较分析。结果表明：16个建兰品种的叶片微观结构之间存在显著差异,其中建兰‘大青’的气孔密度、中脉长轴和中脉短轴最大,分别为125.19个/mm2、439.14 μm和403.51 μm。气孔密度最小的是‘朝阳三星’‘玉女素’和‘八宝奇珍’,分别为52.70、60.48、61.54个/mm2。中脉长轴与中脉短轴最小的品种是‘十三太保’和‘大凤素’,分别为147.63 μm和125.93 μm。而‘复兴奇蝶’的叶片厚度最大,为528.29 μm,叶片厚度最小的品种是‘桃腮素’,为100.32 μm。通过对16个建兰品种叶片解剖结果的相关性分析发现,气孔面积与气孔其他参数均呈极显著正相关,叶片厚度与上表皮厚度以及叶肉厚度均呈极显著正相关,而叶肉厚度与气孔面积是研究建兰非生物胁迫的重要指标。本研究可为筛选优异的建兰种质资源、新品种选育及其非生物胁迫研究提供参考。 相似文献
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棉花的时片和花器官上存在有蜜腺,通常在叶背主脉上靠基部1/3处有1个蜜腺,苞叶外侧基部及花萼外侧基部各有3令蜜腺,萼内有一圈萼内蜜腺。蜜腺是由多细胞组成的乳头状突起,其细胞形体较小、核大、细胞质浓密。密腺能分泌出多种化合 相似文献
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同源四倍体水稻胚乳发育:糊粉层细胞壁纤维素物质发育、胚乳淀粉积累及胼胝质“套”的形成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用荧光显微术观察，发现同源四倍体水稻与其二倍体原种的糊粉层细胞壁纤维素物质都存在一个“充实”的过程。授粉后5～6 d，糊粉层开始分化形成，此时其细胞壁上未观察到纤维素物质；授粉后6～8 d，糊粉层细胞壁上开始积累纤维素物质；授粉后8～9 d，糊粉层细胞壁积累了大量的纤维素物质。胚乳淀粉的积累存在一个变化的过程：初生胚乳核周围可见一些淀粉体，随着胚乳游离核的增多，游离核周围淀粉体的数量逐渐减少，胚乳细胞化后，胚乳细胞内开始大量形成淀粉体。利用苯胺蓝染色连续切片荧光观察，发现同源四倍体水稻及其二倍体原种胚乳发育过程中，在珠心表皮和内珠被之间存在一层胼胝质物质，围绕着胚囊并包裹住珠心呈“套”状。这个结构的形成变化过程为：授粉后30 min在珠孔端珠心表皮细胞与内珠被之间开始积累少量的胼胝质，之后胼胝质逐渐增多并向合点端扩展延伸；授粉后1～2 d包裹着整个胚囊外的珠心而仅在维管束处断开；授粉后9～13 d，胼胝质“套”消失。该结构可能与胚和胚乳在发育期间的水分和养分的调节等有密切关系。同源四倍体水稻还存在糊粉层细胞壁发育不同步、糊粉层细胞壁结构异常以及胼胝质“套”不消失等异常现象。这些现象有可能会影响同源四倍体水稻的结实率。 相似文献
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我国杂交小麦研究的回顾与展望 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
刘秉华 《国外农学:麦类作物》1996,(1):2-4
经过３０多年的努力，我国杂交小研究在以下几个方面取得了明显进展：（１）Ｔ型“三系”的性状水平有进一步提高，筛出了一些优势较强的组合；（２）研制出了一些新型不育系，有的已实现“三系”配套；（３）化学杀雄研究有新进展；（４）选育出了半矮秆杂交小但在优势组合筛选和杂交种生产方面也还存在不少问题。 相似文献
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采用３种害虫防治方法就其对Ｂｔ棉、非Ｂｔ棉和无蜜腺棉不同防治效应作了调查。在每一种防治方法下，分别种植４个Ｂｔ棉及其轮回亲本，４个无蜜腺品种以及３个非Ｂｔ棉商用品种，以调查互作效应。（１）喷施既能防治盲蝽象又能防治烟芽夜蛾／棉铃虫复合种群的杀虫剂，（... 相似文献
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鄂棉１５棉花新品种具有：（１）高产、优质、高效三统一；（２）高产、优质、早熟三得兼；（３）形态结构用光较合理；（４）经济性状稳定变异小；（５）多宜三抗五耐能稳产等突出特点。在栽培策略上，明确“两高一优”的产量结构和农艺指标；按照技术标准掌握生育特性，制定有效策略；科学施用肥料；实行全程化调，协调内外矛盾；坚持精细管理，做到一管到底。 相似文献
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Study of grain cell wall structures by microscopic analysis with four different staining techniques 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Emmie Dornez Ulla HolopainenSven Cuyvers Kaisa PoutanenJan A. Delcour Christophe M. CourtinEmilia Nordlund 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(3):363-373
Four different grain cell wall staining techniques were compared. Two techniques specifically detected arabinoxylan (AX). The first technique used a xylanase probe, while the other one was based on immunolabeling of AX using monoclonal antibodies. The two other staining techniques, one based on Calcofluor and the other on immunolabeling using monoclonal antibodies, stained mixed-linkage β-glucan. Cell walls of wheat, barley, oat and rye grains, differing both in content and location of AX and β-glucan, were examined. The staining methods were complementary to each other in revealing the location and distribution of the major cereal dietary fiber components AX and β-glucan in the different grains. AX was mostly concentrated in nucellar epidermis and aleurone cells, whereas β-glucan was concentrated more in subaleurone cells. Furthermore, in the case of barley and rye, the endosperm cell walls also contained high amounts of β-glucan. Interestingly, β-glucan in rye and barley endosperm cell walls was located adjacent to the cell contents, suggesting that it is not evenly distributed in the endosperm cell walls. The results give new insight into the structure of the cereal dietary fiber complex. Further development of microscopic techniques will help in elucidating the cereal cell wall structure even in more detail. 相似文献
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小麦叶片表皮泡状细胞形态的数量特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为深入研究小麦叶片泡状细胞的功能与细胞微观形态数量特征的关系,利用显微摄影及图像分析系统对小麦叶片表皮泡状细胞形态的数量特征进行了统计分析.结果表明:(1)小麦叶片表皮细胞中泡状细胞数目达16.35%,其面积、周长分别是普通表皮细胞的3.01、2.24倍,且面积、周长、每mm~2 细胞数、周长面积比差异显著.泡状细胞的周长面积比仅占普通表皮细胞的0.723,是泡状细胞功能实现的重要数量特征;(2)以细胞面积、周长、等效圆直径、每mm~2细胞数、周长面积比,可以建立小麦叶片泡状细胞Fisher′s 线形判别函数,判别正确率达99%;(3)泡状细胞组高占叶厚的比例达到了0.18,是泡状细胞功能实现的又一重要数量特征;(4)相关分析表明,泡状细胞组长、泡状细胞组高、泡状细胞组面积均与泡状细胞距离叶缘的位置呈极显著负相关. 相似文献
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白兰开花过程中花被片结构的变化与释香机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对白兰(Michelia laba DC.)花开放过程中花被片结构的变化进行了观察,并与成熟叶片的结构特征进行了比较,对白兰成熟花被片与成熟叶片的一些数量特征进行了测量,探讨了白兰花香气形成、挥发部位及挥发途径的结构基础。结果表明:(1)根据在花被片开展的不同时期的颗粒状细胞内含物的数量、形态及存在部位,推测白兰花被片颗粒状细胞内含物可能主要是香气释放前体物质。(2)白兰花被片与成熟叶片的解剖结构存在差异,表明花被片与叶片香气释放机理不一致。白兰花被片挥发性香气的前体物在基本薄壁组织细胞中产生,通过扩散作用输送到表皮细胞,最后通过表皮细胞的垂周壁、表皮细胞的细胞间隙、气孔释放出来。 相似文献
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Histological characteristics of sugar beet leaves potentially linked to drought tolerance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jadranka Lukovi&#x; Ivana Maksimovi&#x; Lana Zori&#x; Nevena Nagl Milorad Per
i&#x; Dubravka Poli&#x; Marina Putnik-Deli&#x; 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):281-286
Water is becoming more and more limiting factor of sugar beet production and the productivity of the crop can be significantly improved by increased drought tolerance. It is therefore a great challenge to assess the degree of variability of anatomical and morphological traits of breeding material with respect to water use efficiency and drought, that can be used as potential markers for selection of sugar beet genotypes with better tolerance to water shortage. To achieve this, the first step is to assess the degree of genetic variability with respect to anatomical and histological features linked to water management in plants, under optimal water supply. Comparative histiological analysis of lamina and petiole was done on 12 sugar beet genotypes which previously showed divergent responses to lack of water in the field. The plants were grown in semi-controlled conditions of a glasshouse, and watered daily. Mircromorphological analyses were done to assess leaf epidermal characteristics, by both light and SEM, and lamina and petiole histological features. The measurements were used to calculate the percentage of individual tissues in relation to the thickness of the lamina, main vein area and petiole area. The general structure of sample variability was established by principal component analysis (PCA), based on correlation matrix. In majority of genotypes the ratio of the size of cells of spongy parenchyma and palisade cells in average was 80%. Low genotypic variability of the studied histological parameters of the lamina and petiole may reflect the narrow genetic base of tested breeding material. The most significant genotypic difference, considering leaf epidermal tissue, was in % of adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The highest found number of stomata per mm2 on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis was 40% higher than the lowest. During water stress, when stomata are closed, plant survival depends on the amount of water lost through the cuticle. SEM analysis of adaxial epidermis of the lamina show that cuticle varies in texture. Considering the observed genotypic variability in cuticle ornamentation and the fact that plants develop various strategies of adaptation to drought, finding genotypes with increased drought tolerance could be based on the characteristics of the cuticle and epidermis. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):103-111
AbstractGrowth and structural changes in the seminal root tip of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) in response to NaCl salinity were studied. Seedlings were grown in agar medium with 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% NaCl(agar culture), and in water with 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.1% NaCl (water culture). Seedling growth was significantly suppressed by higher concentrations of NaCl. The effect of NaCl appeared faster in water culture than in agar culture. In both agar and water cultures, root growth was markedly suppressed over shoot growth. Under saline conditions, epidermis, cortex and root cap cells appear to be damaged to a greater extent than the meristem and stelar cells. The most notable ultrastructural change in response to salinity was the development and increment of vacuoles, which seem to provide a space for accumulation of excess ions. Many electron dense deposits were observed in the larger vacuoles of the epidermal and cortical cells. Under saline conditions, cell wall thickening of the epidermis, an increase in endoplasmic reticulum, myelin figures, less compact Golgi bodies and inhibited production of Golgi vesicles were also observed. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):160-168
AbstractThe resistance to high-temperature stress and the structural appearance of the imperfect grains caused by a high temperature at the ripening stage were studied using 13 selected cultivars of rice. High temperature treatment (daily maximum temperature range, 32-40°C) given from the 4th day after heading caused the decrease in panicle weight in all of the cultivars examined. The number of empty grains in the upper and lower parts of a panicle was increased by the high temperature in 10 cultivars. Cultivars KRN, Citanduy, Belle patna and BPB were tolerant to the high-temperature treatment at the ripening stage, and cvs. Koshihikari, Sanlicun, Tainung 67, Yamada-nishiki and Lady Wright were sensitive. Light microscopic observation showed that, the whole endosperm was covered with a nucellar epidermis (NE) under both high and natural temperature (26-31°C) conditions at the first week after heading (WAH). Under high-temperature conditions the NE degenerated earlier than under natural temperature conditions. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that, the endosperm cells of the seeds with a specific gravity (s.g.) of higher than 1.06 had large amyloplasts filled with starch granules. However, the endosperm cells of seeds with a s.g. of 1.00-1.06 had many small amyloplasts containing small single starch granules and had numerous spaces among the amyloplasts. In the endosperm cells at the dorsal side of imperfect grain, layered structures showing progressive decomposition of starch granules were observed. 相似文献
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Ikuko Ito Toshikazu Yoneda Yoshihiko Omura Tomohiro Osaki Shinsuke Ifuku Hiroyuki Saimoto Kazuo Azuma Tomohiro Imagawa Takeshi Tsuka Yusuke Murahata Norihiko Ito Yoshiharu Okamoto Saburo Minami 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7463-7475
Urocanic acid is a major ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing chromophore. Chitins are highly crystalline structures that are found predominantly in crustacean shells. Alpha-chitin consists of microfibers that contain nanofibrils embedded in a protein matrix. Acid hydrolysis is a common method used to prepare chitin nanofibrils (NFs). We typically obtain NFs by hydrolyzing chitin with acetic acid. However, in the present study, we used urocanic acid to prepare urocanic acid chitin NFs (UNFs) and examined its protective effect against UVB radiation. Hos: HR-1 mice coated with UNFs were UVB irradiated (302 nm, 150 mJ/cm2), and these mice showed markedly lower UVB radiation-induced cutaneous erythema than the control. Additionally, sunburn cells were rarely detected in the epidermis of UNFs-coated mice after UVB irradiation. Although the difference was not as significant as UNFs, the number of sunburn cells in mice treated with acetic acid chitin nanofibrils (ANFs) tended to be lower than in control mice. These results demonstrate that ANFs have a protective effect against UVB and suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of NFs influence the protective effect of ANFs against UVB radiation. The combination of NFs with other substances that possess UV-protective effects, such as urocanic acid, may provide an enhanced protective effect against UVB radiation. 相似文献
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以6种不同干旱耐性玉米自交系为研究对象,开展不同自交系苗期干旱耐性、泡状细胞特性及干旱胁迫后泡状细胞形变等研究,揭示泡状细胞与干旱胁迫耐性差异玉米自交系干旱胁迫前后的特性及反应的关联性,在细胞水平上探索重要农作物干旱胁迫反应机制。结果表明,玉米自交系B73、PH4CV、HiC对干旱胁迫较为敏感,Mo17干旱耐性较强,Zong31、Z58次之。泡状细胞切片显示,叶片表皮泡状细胞簇数随自交系干旱耐性增强而增多,每簇泡状细胞数量随自交系干旱耐性增强而减少。干旱处理后,泡状细胞发生明显形变,自交系泡状细胞形变程度与其干旱耐性、叶片萎蔫程度、红外热成像、组织含水量和膜脂氧化产物MDA(Malondialdehyde)积累等胁迫反应特征呈对应关系,表明玉米叶片泡状细胞在调节植物干旱胁迫反应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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陶汉之 《中国油料作物学报》1992,(2)
研究四种甘蓝型油菜不同部位叶片净光合率与比叶重和上、下表皮气孔数量比的关系。结果表明,不同部位叶片上、下气孔数量比率约为0.57—0.87,叶片上、下表皮气孔密度之间有显著正相关。在饱和光强下,从腹面照光的叶片净光合率比从背面照光的高。两者的相关系数达显著和极显著水平.从腹面或背面照光的叶片净光合率与比叶重呈显著正相关,四种甘蓝型油菜叶净光合率与叶上、下表皮气孔数量比之间无显著正相关的关系。 相似文献