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建立分散固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱同时测定蔬菜和水果中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药(涕灭威，涕灭威砜，涕灭威亚砜，克百威，3-羟基克百威，灭多威，甲萘威，异丙威，速灭威，仲丁威)残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取，PSA分散固相萃取净化，液相色谱柱后衍生分离，荧光检测(λex＝330 nm, λem＝465 nm)测定，外标法定量。10种农药在0.005～0.50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好；检出限在0.004～0.008 mg/L；平均加标回收率在75.6%～112.3%，相对标准偏差(RSD)在 0.8%～10.2%。该方法具有快速、灵敏、准确、重现性好以及操作简单等特点，适合日常大批量蔬菜和水果样品中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的测定。 相似文献
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建立了采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(SPE-LC-MS/MS)对叶菜中11种氨基甲酸酯农药(克百威、3羟基克百威、甲萘威、仲丁威、异丙威、抗牙威、速灭威、灭多威、涕灭威、涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜)残留同时测定的方法。样品用乙腈提取后经氨基固相萃取柱净化处理,经Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱分离后测定,该方法采用多反应监测(MRM)离子扫描模式,外标法进行定量,线性良好(r2＞0.994),检出限为0.001～0.004 mg/kg,总体回收率为80.4%～99.8%,相对标准偏差为3.4%～10.8%。该方法的定量限满足目前国内外药物的最大残留限量要求,可作为叶菜中相关药物残留的筛选检测方法。 相似文献
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宋莹莹白钰徐清华王国明郭畅冰谢丽娟徐芳菲 《人参研究》2022,(4):14-16
目的 建立一种测定人参中二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的自动-顶空气相色谱方法。方法 把人参样品放入自动顶空进样瓶中,放入密闭的加热容器中,在氯化亚锡-硫酸溶液环境中,二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药被酸解生成二硫化碳,采用自动-顶空气相色谱法(检测器:ECD)测定,以二硫化碳计二硫代氨基甲酸酯总残留量,外标法定量。结果 二硫化碳浓度在0.05～2.0μg/mL时,呈良好的线性关系(r=0.997);检出限为0.030mg/kg;精密度为2.44%;添加水平在0.10 mg/kg时,回收率范围在87.59%～97.83%之间,相对标准偏差为4.04%。结论 采用本法检测人参中二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量,不仅效率高、数据准确、可靠,而且各项技术指标均满足检测要求。 相似文献
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以鲢鱼、镛鱼和罗非鱼肌肉组织为材料,研究乙酰胆碱酯酶AChE的盐析提取方法及农药敏感性。结果表明,3种淡水鱼肌肉组织在55%硫酸铵饱和度时得到的沉淀酶总活力最高,乙酰胆碱酯酶的比活力分别达到0.264,0.263,0.221 U/mg, 纯化倍数分别为1.222,1.277,1.190,回收率分别为27.626%,37.621%,26.441%。5种有机磷农药(敌敌畏,辛硫磷,马拉硫磷,乙酰甲胺磷,氧化乐果)对3种淡水鱼肌肉乙酰胆碱酯酶有抑制作用,其中罗非鱼AChE对敌敌畏最敏感,抑制中浓度I50为0.14 μg/mL,对马拉硫磷最不敏感,抑制中浓度I50为11.202 μg/mL 相似文献
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不同杀虫剂对油菜萝卜蚜的毒力、作用机制及在油菜叶片的残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效防治油菜萝卜蚜,科学合理使用药剂,研究不同种类杀虫剂对油菜萝卜蚜（Lipaphis erysimi）的毒力及作用机制,并调查2种杀虫剂拌种后在芥菜型油菜叶片的残留。结果表明,供试的有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂对萝卜蚜的毒力大于拟除虫菊酯类和烟碱类杀虫剂,12种杀虫剂中毒力最大的是灭多威和乐果,致死中浓度（LC50）为3.152 mg/L和3.452 mg/L,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂中高效氯氰菊酯毒力最大,LC50为10.741 mg/L,氰戊菊酯最小LC50为30.938 mg/L,噻虫嗪和吡虫啉对萝卜蚜的LC50为15.460 mg/L和30.385 mg/L。有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂对萝卜蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）有抑制作用,乐果抑制作用最强,抑制中浓度（I50）为1.97×10-5 mol/L,三唑磷毒力最小,I50为15.51×10-5 mol/L。抑制中时间（IT50）乐果最小为0.21 min,三唑磷最大IT50最大,为8.30 min。5种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂均表现出对萝卜蚜腺苷三磷酸酶（ATPase）不同程度的抑制。当浓度为1×10-4 mol/L时,联苯菊酯对萝卜蚜Na＋-K＋-ATPase的抑制作用最强,抑制率为31.65%,溴氰菊酯对Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATPase抑制最强,抑制率为38.60%。5种菊酯类杀虫剂都会降低萝卜蚜线粒体膜的流动性从而进一步影响昆虫体内酶活性,且存在一定的剂量浓度效应关系,当浓度为1×10-4 mol/L时,高效氯氰菊酯对萝卜蚜线粒体膜流动性影响最大,偏振度P值为0.289;氰戊菊酯影响最小,偏振度P为0.263。毒死蜱和噻虫嗪分别拌种油菜种子后会存在一定的残留期并进一步降低蚜虫危害程度,油菜出苗1周时这两种杀虫剂在叶片含量都达到最高,之后随时间延长含量逐渐降低,到出苗第5周后在叶片中未检测到这两种药剂。合适剂量不同类型的农药对于抑制蚜虫活性,降低虫口密度,具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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超快速高效液相色谱法测定普通白菜中16种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究应用超快速高效液相色谱仪柱后衍生荧光检测器同时测定普通白菜中16种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留。对流动相组成、波长选择、梯度洗脱等条件进行比较研究,建立了样品经乙腈提取,SPE-NH2固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱柱后衍生分离,荧光检测(λex＝339 nm, λem＝445 nm)测定,外标法定量的检测方法。研究表明：基于液相色谱荧光检测条件,16种农药残留在0.025～1.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好;检出限0.002～0.010 mg/L;平均加标回收率73.0%～103.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.5%～8.8%。该研究确定的方法具有检测范围广、快速、灵敏、准确、重现性好、易推广等特点。 相似文献
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采用生长速率法探讨不同浓度木薯器官及其混合物水浸提液于不同处理天数对橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病病菌的化感作用。结果表明:(1)根、叶水浸提液表现为化感抑制效果,浓度越大,效果越明显。(2)茎水浸提液在浓度为10~100 mg/mL时无明显化感效果;浓度达1 000 mg/mL时,处理后3~7 d时表现为显著的化感促进效果。(3)根、茎、叶比例为4:2:1的混合物水浸提液在10~100 mg/mL浓度时无明显化感效果,当浓度达1 000 mg/mL时,在处理后4~6 d表现为化感抑制效果。(4)茎、叶比例为2:1的混合物水浸提液在10 mg/mL浓度时化感效果不明显;当浓度达到100 mg/mL时,处理后2 d表现为显著的化感抑制效果,处理后3~6 d化感效果不明显;浓度达到1 000 mg/mL时,处理后2~3 d无明显的化感效果,处理后4~6 d则呈现显著的化感促进效果。建议间作木薯的胶园收获木薯后,应及早将茎干移出胶园,以减少橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病的发生。 相似文献
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为探讨有色显色剂的加液方式及加入量对显色后溶液吸收值的影响、标准曲线的绘制及结果计算方法对土壤磷酸酶测定值的影响,取广东橡胶园0～20 cm土样为材料,以磷酸苯二钠为基质,酶解土壤释放出酚,与显色剂氯代二溴对苯醌亚胺反应,以标准曲线法求出样品测试液的酚浓度,比较以不同加液方式加入不同量的显色剂对溶液吸收值的影响,同时比较用直线或一元二次曲线等两种标准曲线回归方程对样品测试液酚浓度的影响。结果表明：以胶头滴管滴加或以移液枪用多次重复使用过的吸嘴加入显色剂,显色后溶液吸收值变异系数达3.33%～6.44%,而以活塞式定量加液器加入,其变异系数在1.28%以下,且随着加入量增大变异系数降低至0.51%,重现性好;当配制的标准曲线浓度范围较宽且相应吸收值较高(接近0.9),以曲线法求得的标准曲线回归方程决定系数(R2＝0.999 8)大于直线回归的(R2＝0.999 7),且曲线法求出的土壤无基质对照及试剂空白酚浓度比直线法更有实际意义。 相似文献
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Vahid Sarabi Ali Ghanbari Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati Mehdi Rastgoo 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(3):203-214
Interaction of binary mixture of the two sulfonylurea herbicides: foramsulfuron or nicosulfuron with 2,4-D + MCPA, was evaluated in greenhouse experiments during 2010 and 2011 applying the additive dose model. Plants of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, common purslane and black nightshade were sprayed with seven doses of herbicides alone and in binary fixed-ratio mixtures. In total, 35 binary mixtures were studied in 7 separate experiments at ED90 response level. Results indicated that mixture of foramsulfuron + 2,4-D + MCPA was synergistic on redroot pigweed compared to additive interaction between nicosulfuron and 2,4-D + MCPA. Mixture of foramsulfuron + 2,4-D + MCPA was slightly antagonistic on common lambsquarters and an additive interaction was observed with both foramsulfuron and nicosulfuron + 2,4-D + MCPA on common purslane. Finally, the mixture of foramsulfuron or nicosulfuron + 2,4-D + MCPA on black nightshade was antagonistic especially in mixtures where the ratio of sulfonylurea herbicides was more than 2,4-D + MCPA. Totally, 2,4-D + MCPA in mixture with sulfonylurea herbicides especially foramsulfuron provided better control of redroot pigweed in comparison with herbicides applied alone and other herbicide mixtures on weeds.
Abbreviations: 2,4-D + MCPA: ((2,4-Dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid plus (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid); ADM: additive dose model; a.i.: active ingredient; ALS: acetolactate synthase; DAT: days after treatment; ED: effective dose; Foramsulfuron: (2-(N-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl)sulfamoyl)-4-formamido-N,N-dimethylbenzamide); Nicosulfuron: (2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide). 相似文献
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应用粒籽生长模型研究了稻田常用农药单剂、2种、3种及4种农药混合使用对籽粒生长的影响。方差分析表明各处理强势粒饱和生长量（K）、起始生长势（R0）、旺盛生长期干物质累积量（GT）均无显著差异。多重比较表明杀虫双675 g/hm2和4种农药高剂量处理（井冈霉素150 g/hm2+吡虫啉45 g/hm2+杀虫双675 g/hm2+三环唑300 g/hm2）的GT显著大于吡虫啉22.5 g/hm2处理,但与对照相比无显著差异。总体上3种农药单剂低剂量及其混合物对强势粒影响不大,但对弱势粒K值有极显著的影响。对照的K值大于所有处理,其中以4种农药高剂量混合使用K值最小。吡虫啉22.5 g/hm2处理及4种农药高剂量混合使用的GT显著小于对照。4种农药混合使用,特别是高剂量农药混合使用对弱势粒籽粒增重有显著的负效应。 相似文献
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Vincent Niderkorn Giuseppe Copani Ccile Martin Gaëlle Maxin Anglique Torrent Frdric Anglard Yvanne Rochette Ccile Ginane 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(4):626-635
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding sheep with silage mixtures containing bioactive legumes on intake and digestive parameters. The bioactive legumes used were sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) and red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense), which contain condensed tannins (CT) and polyphenol oxidase respectively. Five treatments were assigned to two groups of sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The five types of silages tested were, on a dry matter (DM) basis: pure timothy grass silage (Phleum pratense, control, T), three binary mixtures of T‐SF, T‐RC and RC‐SF (500 g/kg each) and a ternary mixture of T‐RC‐SF (500, 250 and 250 g/kg respectively). The daily voluntary DM intake of silage mixtures containing both SF and RC was greater than for pure T silage, while the presence of SF resulted in lower organic matter digestibility compared to pure T. The rumen disappearance rate measured in situ increased linearly with the presence of SF and RC in silage. The nitrogen (N) digestibility was greater for pure T and T‐RC than for T‐SF, and the amount of N retained daily by the animals was greater for RC‐containing silages than for T and T‐SF. The methane (CH4) yield was greater for pure T than for the silage mixtures containing SF. We conclude that the presence of RC in silage could boost performances through intake and N retention, while SF‐based mixtures appear to have reduced negative environmental impacts through the reduction of CH4 emissions. 相似文献
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Recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus piscidin (RELP) was previously shown to improve growth performance and immune response when used as a feed additive for Gallus gallus domesticus. However, the long-term toxicity of RELP has not be thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the subacute and subchronic oral toxicities of RELP in SD rats by hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses. To determine subacute and subchronic toxicities, male and female rats were fed with RELP 1000 mg/kg bodyweight/day for 28 and 90 days, respectively. Bodyweight and food intake were unchanged by RELP treatment over the course of the studies. After exposure, samples of blood, heart, lung, liver, and kidney were collected and analyzed. Results demonstrated that RELP exposure did not cause any observable hematological, biochemical, or histological abnormalities in SD rats. Thus, RELP may be a safe feed additive for use in agriculture and aquaculture. 相似文献
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灰飞虱对几类杀虫剂的抗性和敏感性 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
采用点滴法和稻茎浸渍法分别测定了2006年4月采自江苏省无锡市和浙江省湖州市灰飞虱种群对9种杀虫剂的抗性及17种杀虫剂的敏感性。点滴法测定结果表明,无锡种群和湖州种群对吡虫啉均产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为79.6倍和44.6倍;对残杀威的抗性倍数分别为76.6倍和40.1倍,属高水平抗性;对甲萘威的抗性倍数分别为29.8倍和45.3倍,属中等-高水平抗性;对二嗪磷、杀螟硫磷、仲丁威、丁硫克百威、醚菊酯、氰戊菊酯的抗性倍数为1.4~8.1倍,属敏感-低水平抗性。毒力测定结果表明氟虫腈、丁烯氟虫腈对无锡和湖州灰飞虱3龄若虫的毒力最高,LC50值为0.21~041 mg/L;噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、异丙威、敌敌畏为田间药效试验的推荐用药。还讨论了灰飞虱抗药性的治理。 相似文献
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A. J. Thomson 《Grass and Forage Science》1970,25(4):309-313
Four varieties of perennial ryegrass, (S24, S321, S23 and Endura), were grown in monoculture and in all possible binary mixtures. Three spatial arrangements of varieties within mixtures were used. Total DM yields were recorded from nine harvests during 1969 for mooocultures and mixtures and for the mixture components. The arrangement of varieties within mixtures had no effect on the total DM yield of the mixtures. Monocultures and mixtures did not differ significantly in yield at any harvest or in annual total, bnt there were differences between monocultures at some harvests. No differences between mixtures were detected. The experiment took the form of a competition diallel in which monocultures corresponded to the parents in a genetic diallel and mixtures to the crosses between these parents. There was a significant interaction hetween the rows (i.e. main variety effects) and the columns (i.e. associated variety effects) of the diallel table only at the first harvest. The change in the competitive ability of the four varieties throughout the season was examined. The relative ranking order of varieties for competitive ability altered as the season progressed. 相似文献
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分别采用孢子萌发法和菌丝生长法测定了三乙膦酸铝与稻瘟灵5种不同质量配比混剂对稻瘟病菌的毒力。结果表明,不同质量配比的三乙膦酸铝与稻瘟灵混剂都有不同程度的增效作用,其中以三乙膦酸铝与稻瘟灵质量比为1：1混剂的增效作用最为显著,其抑制孢子萌发和菌丝生长的共毒系数分别为203．92和190．24。田间试验结果表明,以40％三乙膦酸铝WP与40％稻瘟灵WP质量比为1：1的混剂（1g·L^-1）对稻瘟病的防治效果最佳,达87．20％,分别比40％三乙膦酸铝WP（2．86g·L^-1）和40％稻瘟灵WP（1．25g·L^-1）单用的防治效果提高14．40％和12．28％。 相似文献
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防治水稻白背飞虱高毒农药替代药剂的室内筛选及对吡虫啉的抗性风险评估 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
为筛选高毒农药的替代药剂,采用稻茎浸渍法测定了7类共21种杀虫剂对2006年和2007年采自南京市江浦地区的白背飞虱种群3龄若虫的毒力。结果表明,噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻嗪酮对白背飞虱3龄若虫的毒力最高(LC50=004~026 mg/L);烯啶虫胺、丁烯氟虫腈、吡蚜酮、啶虫咪、氯噻啉、毒死蜱、氟虫腈等也有较高的毒力(LC50＜4.50 mg/L）;异丙威、敌敌畏虽然触杀毒力稍低(LC50＞19.85 mg/L),但两者在生产上仍广泛应用,所以把以上12种药剂作为田间药效试验的推荐品种;同时还比较了该地区白背飞虱种群对供试药剂敏感性的年度间差异,其中对毒死蜱、异丙威、丁硫克百威、速灭威这4种药剂的敏感性下降了66.7%~71.4%。对2006年南京江浦种群用吡虫啉连续筛选15代的结果表明,1~15代抗性上升433倍,抗性现实遗传力为0.2295,存在抗性风险。另外,还讨论了白背飞虱的综合防治。 相似文献
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The effect of additives on the quality of white lupin–wheat silage assessed by fermentation pattern and qPCR quantification of clostridia 
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下载免费PDF全文 W. König M. Lamminen K. Weiss T. T. Tuomivirta S. Sanz Muñoz H. Fritze K. Elo L. Puhakka A. Vanhatalo S. Jaakkola 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):757-771
The efficacy of different silage additives on different mixtures of white lupin and spring wheat was investigated in four separate trials. The bicrop was harvested 96 days (trials 1 and 2) and 110 days (trials 3 and 4) after sowing. For each maturity stage, two mixtures of white lupin and spring wheat were reformed in the ratios of 1:2 and 2:1 on fresh matter (FM) basis respectively. The crops were treated with formic acid (FA), sodium nitrite–hexamine mixture (NaHe) or homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The control silage was made without additive. Additives were not able to improve the quality of white lupin–wheat silage in all trials, compared with untreated silage. The treatment with LAB showed good results only at the first stage of crop maturity with sufficient amounts of water‐soluble carbohydrate in the pre‐ensiling crops. The FA treatment showed elevated butyric acid levels in all trials, which suggests that the FA application level used (4 L t?1 FM, 100% FA) was insufficient to decrease pH enough for preventing the growth of clostridia and butyric acid fermentation. NaHe was the only additive that was able to inhibit the activity of clostridia in all trials. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study is to enhance the solubility and stability of drugs in addition of water-soluble polymer and carbohydrate complexes. The data show that the polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) interacts with the free Lamivudine and with the Lamivudine; beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion complex, in both cases with particular intermolecular interaction was studied using ultrasonic technique under different concentrations at a temperature 303 K. Consequently, the reason of this study was to improve the biological performance of the drug through enhancing its solubility and stability. The binary and ternary mixtures prepared inclusion complexes of Lamivudine in beta-CD and PVA. The presence of PVA, changes the drug: beta-CD interaction, a Lamivudine: beta-CD: PVA complex was formed. In addition, the presence of PVA produces a strong increase in the binding constant at a particular concentration (1.25%). In the ternary complex, the Lamivudine is wrapped at both ends for the beta-CD. In this complex, the polymer seems to act as a bridge between both beta-CD molecules that bind the Lamivudine. 相似文献