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1.
M. Sarwar Jahan M. ShamsuzzamanM. Mostafizur Rahman S.M. Iqbal MoeizY. Ni 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):164-169
The effect of hot-water and alkaline pre-extraction of rice straw on soda-anthraquinone pulping was carried out. The pre-extraction with hot water at 150 °C for 1 h dissolved 34.7% biomass and the pre-extracted liquor comprised of 16.6% sugars, 6.7% lignin, 6.6% acetic acid and other unknown products. But the pre-extraction with 1% NaOH at 100 °C for 1 h dissolved 10.2% sugars, 5.1% lignin and 10% acetic acid from rice straw. Pre-extracted rice straw was cooked by soda-anthraquinone process with varying alkali charges. The pulp from pre-extracted rice straw was low in kappa number with reduced pulp yield. The drainage resistance (°SR) improved obviously on pre-extraction of rice straw. Pulp strength properties such as the tensile index and the burst index were found to be lower, but the tear index was higher both with hot-water and alkaline pre-extraction. After bleaching, the gaps of the overall pulp yield and strength properties between pre-extracted and non-extracted rice straw became narrower. The alkaline pre-extraction showed improved yield and properties compared with hot-water pre-extracted rice straw. 相似文献
2.
【目的】旨在获得对水稻纹枯病有生防效果的拮抗细菌,探索生防细菌作用机理。【方法】通过苗期防病试验从本实验室保存的7株拮抗细菌中筛选对水稻纹枯病有较好防病效果的菌株。结合生理生化性状和16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,对生防细菌7-5进行初步鉴定,并通过PCR扩增、薄层层析等探讨7-5产生抗生素的种类。【结果】供试7株细菌中7-5、4-74和4-78对水稻纹枯病防效分别可达69.0%、70.8%和75.4%。其中4-74和4-78抑菌谱窄,7-5对水稻纹枯病菌、桃褐腐病菌和草莓灰霉病菌都具有较强抑菌能力。菌株7-5 鉴定为绿针假单胞菌;该菌株可产生吩嗪-1-羧酸、嗜铁素、氢氰酸、蛋白酶、藤黄绿脓菌素和2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚等抗菌物质,不产生硝吡咯菌素、几丁质酶和纤维素酶。【结论】绿针假单胞菌7-5主要通过产生抗生素防治水稻纹枯病。 相似文献
3.
本研究分析了龙眼干、枸杞和发芽糙米复合饮料采用酵母和醋杆菌进行连续发酵过程中其酒精度、pH、可滴 定酸、总糖、多糖、总酚和氨基酸态氮等品质指标的变化规律。结果表明,在酵母发酵期间,发酵 24 h 后复合饮料的 酒精度趋于稳定,残留的总糖为 1.40 g/L,多糖含量呈上升的趋势,总酚含量呈下降的趋势,氨基酸态氮总体上呈下降 的趋势。醋酸菌发酵期间,接种醋酸菌前热杀菌处理组和未热杀菌组的复合饮料中酒精度差别不大（p>0.05）,未热杀 菌处理组在发酵期间复合饮料中可滴定酸含量、总糖含量、多糖含量和氨基酸态氮的含量均比热杀菌组的复合饮料中 的含量高,但热杀菌组的复合饮料中总酚含量总体大于未热杀菌组的复合饮料中的总酚含量。 相似文献
4.
拮抗细菌Bacillus subtilis B5423-R 抑制水稻纹枯病的阈值群体数量 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
在菲律宾国际水稻研究所实验农场田间条件下，通过人工接种Rhizoctonia solani,采用不同的方法(喷雾次数、间隔期)喷雾B5423-R（B5423的标记菌株，为利福平Rifampicin抗性的突变体），在接种1 d后，采用2 d喷1次、连续3～4次喷雾的方法，使B5423 R在稻株上的群体数量在6～7 d内维持在1×10[sup]6[/sup]cfu/g以上，在25 d内显著地降低相对病斑高率；而采用5 d喷1次、连续3～4次喷雾的方法，B5423-R在稻株上的群体数量在15 d内维持在1×10[sup]5[/sup]～106cfu/g，在25 d内相对病斑高率未能显著降低。表明在纹枯病侵染早期的6～7 d内，在稻株上B5423 R维持在1×10[sup]6[/sup]cfu/g以上是抑制纹枯病的阈值群体数量。 相似文献
5.
Production of Xylose from Sorghum Straw Using Hydrochloric Acid 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xylose is a hemicellulosic sugar mainly used for its bioconversion to xylitol. Sorghum straw is a raw material for xylose production that has been studied scarcely. The objective of this work was to study the xylose production by hydrolysis of sorghum straw with hydrochloric acid at 122 °C. Several concentrations of HCl (2–6%) and reaction time (0–300 min) were evaluated. Kinetic parameters of mathematical models for predicting the concentration of xylose, glucose, acetic acid and furfural in the hydrolysates were found. Optimal conditions for hydrolysis were 6% HCl at 122 °C for 70 min, which yielded a solution with 16·2 g xylose/L, 3·8 g glucose/L, 2·0 g furfural/L and 1·9 g acetic acid/L. 相似文献
6.
为了解油菜-水稻与小麦-水稻两种轮作体系中水稻生长的差异,分析油菜作为良好茬口的原因,以秸秆在土壤中腐解的溶液为材料,研究多熟种植体系对后作水稻的增产趋势.采用多因素随机区组设计,包括秸秆类型、添加液类型和秸秆浓度三种因素,其中秸秆类型为油菜、小麦秸秆,添加液类型为蒸馏水和营养液,秸秆浓度分别为空白对照(0 g/L)、... 相似文献
7.
稻草还田对土壤养分及水稻生物量和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻草还田作为最便捷的水稻秸秆利用方式,对水稻生产和土壤培肥具有重要意义。为探明稻草还田对土壤养分和机插水稻生长的影响,设置稻草还田(HR)和稻草不还田(BR)两个处理,通过测定水稻生育特性和产量等指标,土壤全量养分和速效养分等性状,进行对比试验。结果表明:稻草还田能显著降低机插水稻株高达4.1cm,使每蔸水稻平均增加3.2个有效分蘖,显著增加水稻有效穗数达22.54%,从而显著提高水稻成熟期生物量达18.95%,增加当季水稻产量达18.88%,其中穗部生物量增幅达15.3%。稻草还田显著增加成熟期水稻地上部总氮、磷、钾素积累量,其中穗部氮、磷、钾素积累量增幅分别为13.2、5.2、4.73 kg/hm^2。稻草还田能显著增加种植后土壤碱解氮含量达14.67%。 相似文献
8.
Gomathy M Thangaraju M Gunasekaran S Gopal NO Gopal H 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(1):86-91
The survival of vegetative and sporulated cells of the Bacillus cultures on the seeds of the crop plants was tried in different combinations. One milliliter inoculum with 1 mL adhesive combination or sterile water showed better results followed by 1.5 mL inoculum with 0.5 mL adhesive or sterile water. The population of 5.5x10(5) cfu seed(-1) on black gram, 10.5x10(5) cfu seed(-1) on soybean and 6.5x10(5) cfu seed(-1) on maize were observed after 12 h of incubation in 1 mL sporulated inoculum mixed with 1 mL of rice gruel. The sporulated inoculum along with rice gruel favoured the adherence of the regenerated cells as rice gruel is rich in nutrient content. 相似文献
9.
W. Kaewpradit B. Toomsan G. Cadisch P. Vityakon V. Limpinuntana P. Saenjan S. Jogloy A. Patanothai 《Field Crops Research》2009
Groundnut as a pre-rice crop is usually harvested 1–2 months before rice transplanting. During this lag phase much of N in groundnut residues could be lost due to rapid N mineralization. Mixing of abundantly available rice straw with groundnut residues may be a means for reducing N and improve subsequent crop yields. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effect of mixing groundnut residues and rice straw in different proportions on (a) growth and yield of succeeding rice, (b) groundnut residue N use efficiency and (c) N lost (15N balance) from the plant–soil system and fate of residue N in soil fractions. The experiment consisted of six treatments: (i) control (no residues), (ii) NPK (at recommended rate, 38 kg N ha−1), (iii) groundnut residues 5 Mg ha−1 (120 kg N ha−1), (iv) rice straw 5 Mg ha−1 (25 kg N ha−1), (v) 1:0.5 mixed (groundnut residues 5 Mg: rice straw 2.5 Mg ha−1), and (vi) 1:1 mixed (groundnut residues 5 Mg: rice straw 5 Mg ha−1). After rice transplanting, samples of the lowland rice cultivar KDML 105 were periodically collected to determine growth and nutrient uptake. At final harvest, dry weight, nutrient contents and 15N recovery of labeled groundnut residues were evaluated. 相似文献
10.
11.
Yousef Alhaj Hamoud Hiba Shaghaleh Wang Ruke Willy Franz Gouertoumbo Amar Ali Adam hamad Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy Wang Zhenchang Guo Xiangping 《水稻科学》2022,29(5):473-488
Wheat straw burial has great potential to sustain rice production under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. A field experiment was conducted with three wheat straw burial treatments, including without straw burial (NSB), with light straw burial of 300 kg/hm2 (LSB) and dense straw burial of 800 kg/hm2 (DSB), as well as three AWD regimes: alternate wetting/moderate drying (AWMD), alternate wetting/severe drying (AWSD) and alternate wetting/critical drying (AWCD). The rice growth and grain quality were higher in LSB and NSB than those in NSB under the same AWD regime. The AWMD × DSB treatment resulted in the highest yield, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, amylose content and protein content. Conversely, the AWCD × NSB treatment led to the lowest yield, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, amylose content and protein content. The active absorption area and nitrate reductase activity of roots were higher in the AWMD × DSB treatment than those in the AWCD × NSB treatment, as the former increased organic carbon and nitrogen contents in the rhizosphere, whereas the latter reduced their availability. Total soluble protein content and glutamine synthetase activity were greater in the AWMD × DSB treatment than those in the AWCD × NSB treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in the AWMD × DSB treatment compared with the AWCD × NSB treatment, leading to the amelioration of oxidative cell injury, as shown by a lower malonaldehyde level. This study suggested that farmers should implement AWMD irrigation after leaving the straw residues in the field, followed by deep tillage to improve soil quality and mitigate the drought stress cycles of AWD. This approach can improve rice growth and grain quality and alleviate the problems of disposal of straw residues and water scarcity for sustainable rice production. 相似文献
12.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2006,23(2):180-193
Dewaxed wheat straw was treated with acetic acid–H2O (65/35, v/v), acetic acid–H2O (80/20, v/v), acetic acid–H2O (90/10, v/v), formic acid–acetic acid–H2O (20/60/20, v/v/v), formic acid–acetic acid–H2O (30/60/10, v/v/v), methanol–H2O (60/40, v/v) and ethanol–H2O (60/40, v/v) using 0.1% HCl as a catalyst at 85 °C for 4 h, in which 78.2, 80.0, 88.2, 89.4, 94.1, 23.5 and 37.4% of the original lignin, and 42.4, 58.7, 70.0, 65.1, 76.5, 14.2 and 22.2% of the original hemicelluloses was released, respectively. Lignins obtained were characterized by their content of hemicelluloses, composition of phenolic acids and aldehydes, molecular weight, thermal stability and by UV, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that aqueous organic acid was more effective than aqueous organic alcohol for extensive delignification and selective fractionation of cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses from the straw. In particular, the addition of formic acid gave a significant effect on the dissolution of lignin. All the acid-insoluble lignin fractions contained small amounts of contaminated hemicelluloses as shown by their content of neutral sugars, 0.9–4.3%, and had weight-average molecular weight between 3960 and 4340 g mol−1. An increase in concentration of acetic acid or formic acid in organosolv resulted in an increment in release of guaiacyl units and in lignin condensation. However, the lignin preparations released during the treatment with aqueous organic alcohol without organic acid contained almost equal amounts of non-condensed guaiacyl and syringyl units with fewer p-hydroxyphenyl units. The β-O-4 ether bonds together with β-β, β-5 and 5-5′ carbon–carbon linkages were identified to be present in lignin substructures. 相似文献
13.
野生大豆根际微生物的分离及其缓解大豆连作障碍的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用唯一碳源培养基筛选野生大豆根际微生物,分离获得5株分别降解邻苯二甲酸、丙二酸、乙酸、丙酸、苯等大豆化感物质的微生物,分别命名为HK14-2、HK26-2、HN31-1、HK46-2、HK53-1.通过单菌落培养、显微镜观察、革兰氏染色以及PCR-DGGE电泳试验证明,筛选的5种微生物均为细菌,HK26-2为杆菌,其余为球菌,且均为纯系.菌落平皿对峙试验证明5种细菌均可拮抗大豆立枯丝核菌;不同菌剂的大豆盆栽试验证明5种细菌均可降低大豆根腐病发生率,其中HN31-1与HK53-1复配菌剂的防效高达69.5%.统计根系的主根长以及根干重的数据表明:筛选菌剂的添加增加了大豆的主根长以及根干重,改善大豆根际微生态环境.初步认为所分离野生大豆根际细菌可以缓解大豆连作障碍. 相似文献
14.
茶树内生防病和农药降解菌的分离 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
对不同茶树品种的健叶和病叶上分离的内生细菌进行了筛选和鉴定。结果表明,茶树体内存在大量的内生细菌,各品种间内生细菌的数量为2.9×106~39.4×106cfu/(g?fw)。内生细菌的生物功能测定结果表明,菌株TL2的拮抗能力强,先接种菌株TL224h后再接种茶轮斑病菌的防病效果好;同时菌株TL2对氯氰菊酯也表现出较强的降解能力;另外菌株TL2能在茶树上内生定殖。经鉴定,菌株TL2为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)。 相似文献
15.
JungWoo Park Eun Yeong JangJi Young Kim BoRa YiMi-Ja Kim Kye Won ParkJaeHwan Lee 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
Raw rice bran was treated with or without visible light exposure at room temperature or stored at 40 °C in the dark for 10 days and rice bran oil (RBO) was recovered from each rice bran. Headspace oxygen content from rice bran and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) value, acid value, content of γ-oryzanol, and fluorescence intensity in RBO were analyzed to determine the effects of visible light on the oxidative stability in rice bran. Headspace oxygen content in visible light irradiated rice bran (RBL) decreased by 12.8% for 10 days while those in the dark (RBD) and stored at 40 °C (RBT) decreased by 5.87 and 5.35%, respectively, implying visible light irradiation accelerates the consumption of oxygen. CDA values in RBO from RBL were significantly higher than those in RBO from RBD and RBT (p < 0.05). However, acid values in RBO were not significantly different among samples (p > 0.05). Both γ-oryzanol content and fluorescence intensity in RBO from RBL were significantly lower than those in RBO from RBD and RBT (p < 0.05). Fluorescence intensity, which is related to the content of chlorophylls, decreased in samples under light only, implying that chlorophyll photosensitization may play important roles in the acceleration of lipid oxidation in rice bran. 相似文献
16.
玉米秸秆低温纤维素分解菌的筛选及分解效果测定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在低温条件下,从腐烂的秸秆与土壤的混合样品中分离出降解纤维素能力强的4株菌株,测定这4株菌在玉米秸秆发酵中的CMC酶活。结果表明,菌株A14和A41在整个培养过程中CMC酶的活性比较高,分别为8.341 U/g和8.792 U/g。采用A14、A41处理玉米秸秆10 d,降解率分别达30.80%和31.52%。确定菌株A14和A41的最佳产酶条件为摇床转速150 r/min,接菌量为菌悬液(108个孢子/mL)与秸秆用量比1/10(质量比)。 相似文献
17.
Isolation and antioxidative properties of phenolics-saponins rich fraction from defatted rice bran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study presents a protocol for the preparation of phenolics-saponins rich fraction (PSRF), a new active nutraceutical from defatted rice bran followed by the determination of its antioxidant properties. PSRF was prepared by employing a simple alcoholic fractionation procedure on the crude alcoholic extract (CAE) of defatted rice bran. PSRF was found to be significantly higher in the contents of total phenolic, saponin, and steroidal saponin than CAE and its counterpart, aqueous fraction (AqF) (p < 0.05). Except for iron chelating activity, PSRF exhibited notably higher activity than CAE and AqF in all antioxidant activity assays performed (p < 0.05). HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that PSRF contained substantially higher amounts of gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid than CAE and AqF (p < 0.05). In conclusion, alcoholic fractionation of CAE simultaneously concentrated the phenolic compounds and saponins into PSRF, thus contributed to its higher antioxidant activity. Due to its elevated antioxidant properties, PSRF may be recommended for investigation as an active ingredient in the nutraceutical, functional food, and natural food preservative formulations. This is also the first report suggesting defatted rice bran as a potential and sustainable source of saponins. 相似文献
18.
Ryutaro Morita Hiroshi Teramura Chiaki Ogino Akihiko Kondo 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):441-447
Production of bioethanol from rice straw has attracted attention from the point of effective use of agricultural residue. Starch content is an important determinant for bioethanol production from rice straw. The overexpression of CO2-responsive CCT protein (CRCT), which is the positive regulator of starch synthesis in vegetative organs, notably increased the starch content in rice straw. To produce the bioethanol from rice straw, the dilute acid pretreatment is a general pretreatment method. Importantly, the glucose yields in liquid hydrolyzate after dilute acid pretreatment was markedly increased in the CRCT overexpression lines compared with non-transgenic rice. In addition, the overexpression of CRCT enhanced the biomass production. In contrast, CRCT did not affect on the glucose yields from cellulose in acid-insoluble residue obtained after dilute acid pretreatment. With respect to byproduct in liquid hydrolyzate which inhibits the fermentation, the formic acid content was increased, whereas the furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid contents were unchanged by the overexpression of CRCT. These results demonstrate that genetic engineering of CRCT is an effective method to increase the bioethanol production from rice straw. 相似文献
19.
Shanlan rice is an endemic upland rice in Hainan province, China. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT) on the cooking and fermentation properties of Shanlan rice. These effects were evaluated by multiple physical and chemical indicators via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to the minimal cooking time and the content of total leached solids, the optimal ultrasonic power and time were determined to be 240 W and 30 min, respectively. The results indicated that the ultrasonic treatment broke the rice surface, loosened the inner structure of rice, and extended the relaxation time. These changes increased water absorption during the cooking process by 8.2% and promoted saccharification and alcohol production at the initial fermentation stage, with a 54.1% higher alcohol content on the first day. The rice wine brewed from the treated rice showed differences in the non-volatile acid contents; malic acid and tartaric acid contents increased, while the acetic acid content decreased significantly. Moreover, the red colour and brightness of the rice wine were significantly improved after the ultrasonic treatment, with a 16.6% increase in the rice wine yield. 相似文献
20.
为明确不同秸秆还田模式下耕作方式对小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响,在沿淮下游地区,以淮麦36为材料,通过二因素裂区试验,以稻秸全量还田(S1)、稻秸不还田(S0)2种秸秆还田模式为主区,以免耕(T1)、旋耕(T2)、翻耕(T3)3种耕作方式为副区,比较分析了不同处理下小麦出苗、干物质转运、产量和品质等方面的差异。结果表明,在土壤墒情适宜(两年度土壤相对含水量分别为78.6%和72.5%)条件下,稻秸全量还田免耕处理的小麦出苗率和出苗均匀度较不还田处理分别下降了14.04%和28.46%,有效穗数降低4.37%,差异均显著。翻耕可减弱秸秆还田对小麦出苗带来的不利影响,提高出苗率和出苗均匀度,改善播种质量,增加拔节后光合面积,促进花后光合物质生产,增粒增重,最终实现增产,使产量较免耕平均增加12.85%。稻秸还田与翻耕均可改善小麦加工和营养品质。综上,稻秸全量还田结合翻耕有助于实现高产优质小麦的生产,适宜在沿淮下游稻茬麦区推广应用。 相似文献