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1.
To investigate the effects of copper and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content of seminal plasma on buffalo semen characteristics, 54 semen samples collected from buffalo bulls by a bovine artificial vagina were used. Semen characteristics (motility, viability, morphology, concentration and volume) were recorded. Seminal plasma was harvested by centrifugation and kept frozen until analysis. Seminal plasma copper content was determined by atomic absorption procedure and SOD was measured by using a kit. The mean total copper value of seminal plasma was recorded as 2.51 +/- 0.04 mg kg(-1) (Mean +/- SEM) and the mean total SOD values was 39.02 +/- 0.81 IU mL(-1). To reduce the range of variability, the data were categorized according to their motility records in 3 groups of Excellent (Ex, >90% motile, n = 33), Good (Go, 80-89% motile, n = 15) and Moderate (Mo, < 79% motile, n = 6). The mean motility, viability, copper and SOD values in Ex group was recorded as 92.24 +/- 0.51%, 94.00 +/- 0.48%, 2.56 +/- 0.04 mg kg(-1) and 39.52 +/- 0.57 IU mL(-1), respectively. These values were 81.66 +/- 0.62%, 85.26 +/- 0.95%, 2.38 +/- 0.11 mg kg(-1) and 36.48 +/- 1.51 IU mL(-1) in Go group and 71.66 +/- 1.05%, 77.00 +/- 2.94%, 2.55 +/- 0.10 mg kg(-1) and 50.66 +/- 2.51 in Mo group, respectively. The mean copper value in Ex group was highly (r = 0.600) correlated with SOD and correlated with sperm motility (r = 0.372) and viability (r = 0.363), while, in Go group it was highly correlated (r = 0.945) with SOD and sperm viability (r = 0.652) and in Mo group it was correlated (r = 0.874) with semen volume only. The mean SOD values in Ex group was highly correlated with sperm motility (r = 0.492) and viability (r = 0.490) and mean copper values, in Go group, it was highly correlated whit sperm viability (r = 0.659) and mean copper values and in Mo group it had no significant correlations with semen parameters. These results suggest that copper and SOD content of the buffalo seminal plasma have an influence on the sperm motility and viability which are the most important factors in semen fertility.  相似文献   

2.
大豆抗缺钼缺硼胁迫的基因型筛选   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
通过溶液培养实验,从农艺学性状、主根伸长率、株高增长率、根系活力、电导率等对华东、华中和华北地区37个大豆优质品种进行了抗缺钼缺硼的基因型筛选,筛选出6个具有较强抗缺钼缺硼的基因型。对缺钼缺硼条件下大豆各性状进行了综合评价,确定电导率、植株生物量、叶面积和根系活力可作为大豆抗缺钼缺硼基因型筛选的重要指标,其中以大豆根系电导率最为适宜。  相似文献   

3.
利用酸性黄棕壤进行盆栽试验,研究了钼磷配施对甘蓝型油菜苗期碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明,施钼和施磷均显著增加叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、可溶性总糖含量以及地上部干物质重和可溶性蛋白质含量,显著降低油菜苗期叶片硝态氮含量;且钼肥和磷肥配施对促进油菜苗期碳氮代谢存在协同效应。钼肥和磷肥提高油菜光合速率的机制有所不同,钼肥主要提高叶肉细胞光合活性,而磷肥则增加气孔导度。  相似文献   

4.
Sixty multiparous, Holstein–Friesian pregnant dry dairy cows were allocated to three forage treatments ( n  = 20; fodder beet, kale or grass silage) at two feeding allowances ( n  = 30; high and low) for 70 (s.e. of mean, 16) d before parturition. Cows offered the high feeding allowance were offered 9 kg of dry matter (DM) of kale or fodder beet grazed in situ plus 5 kg DM of baled grass silage daily or clamp grass silage ad libitum offered indoors. Cows offered the low feeding allowance were offered 6 kg DM of kale or fodder beet grazed in situ plus 3·5 kg DM baled grass silage daily, or 9·5 kg DM of clamp grass silage daily offered indoors. After calving, all cows received a daily allowance of 14 kg DM perennial ryegrass herbage at pasture plus 4 kg concentrate cow−1 for the first 35 d of lactation. Cows offered grass silage had a greater increase in body condition score pre-partum compared to those offered kale or fodder beet. Cows offered fodder beet pre-partum had a greater milk solid and solids-corrected milk yield in the first 35 d of lactation than those offered kale and grass silage pre-partum. Offering fodder beet and kale pre-partum increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations pre-partum relative to offering grass silage. Offering kale pre-partum resulted in higher insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration post-partum but lower plasma copper concentration pre-partum and at calving than kale or grass silage. Offering the higher forage allowance pre-partum resulted in a higher plasma calcium concentration at calving and higher plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration post-partum.  相似文献   

5.
Thirty-six British Friesian heifers were divided into two groups during weeks 3-26 of lactation and received ad libitum either good (G) or average (A) quality grass silage. The in vitro digestible organic matter in the DM was 680 and 600 g kg-1 for silages G and A, respectively. In addition, the heifers in each group were offered concentrate at either a low (4.3 kg DM d-1), medium (64 kg DM d-1) or high (8.4 kg DM d-1) level. The concentrate contained 180 g (kg DM)-1 of crude protein and had a calculated metabolizable energy concentration of 12.9 MJ (kg DM)-1. Increasing concentrate level significantly increased milk yield (P < 0.01), milk protein concentration (P < 0.05), and yield of both milk protein depressed milk fat concentration (P < 0.001) and silage intake (P < 0.001). Although the overall effect of silage quality on milk yield was not significant, the milk yields for silage G at each concentrate level were higher, significantly so for low level, than the corresponding values for silage A. An improvement in silage quality did not affect milk fat concentration but significantly increased the concentration of milk protein (P < 005) and yields of both milk fat (P < 005) and protein (P < 0001). The response of silage DM intake to improved silage quality was 0 06 kg DM per 10 g rise in vitro DOMD value. Each additional kg concentrate DM depressed intake of silages G and A by 0-63 and 0-27 kg DM, respectively. Substitution rate was also significantly related to stage of lactation. With both silages, the digestibility coefficients determined in vivo for acid detergent fibre (ADF) decreased significantly (P < 0.001) when concentrate level was increased from low to high. Differences for DM, OM and total N digestibility coefficients between treatments were not established as significant at the 5% level. Estimates of mean efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation, made on a weekly basis, were 049 and 052 for the heifers given silages G and A. respectively, and 048, 052 and 052 for those given the low, medium and high levels of concentrate. Energy balances were calculated on a mean weekly basis.  相似文献   

6.
大豆钼营养研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文从钼对大豆的农艺学性状、大豆生理特性、大豆产量和品质的影响等进行综述,为今后继续研究钼在大豆上的应用提供启发和思考。  相似文献   

7.
以黄瓜[cucumis sativus L.]品种优丰早为试材,研究不同铜浓度处理下黄瓜植株和愈伤组织的生长状况及铜在其内的积累与分布情况。结果表明:①10 mg/L铜处理组黄瓜植株生长正常,茎中铜累积浓度达到865mg/kg干重,高于根和叶中铜累积浓度;20 mg/L以上铜处理组黄瓜植株出现明显的铜毒害现象,其根中铜累积浓度超过茎叶,均超过1 500 mg/kg干重,高于10 mg/L铜处理组,但其茎中铜累积浓度低于10 mg/L处理组。②黄瓜愈伤组织能耐受10~40 mg/L的铜胁迫,但其生长均明显受到抑制;愈伤组织对铜的吸收积累较快,铜积累量一般在第3周达到最大值,此后会有所下降;愈伤组织铜积累量与铜处理浓度正相关,最高积累量可达2 350 mg/kg;愈伤组织的细胞壁、细胞器和细胞可溶部分都能积累铜,在较低浓度铜胁迫下,细胞壁是主要积累部位,而在较高浓度铜胁迫下,细胞可溶部分是铜的主要积累部位。  相似文献   

8.
吴彩  方兴汉 《茶叶科学》1993,13(2):135-140
用水培、土施和喷施方法,研究了 Mo 对茶树体内无机元素吸收和分布的影响,结果表明,茶树对 Mo 有很强的吸收能力,并积累在叶、根中。土施以盆土表面积每平方厘米50—200μg效果较好,但喷施易造成叶中 Mo 过剩。水培 Mo 处理能有效地提高叶中 B、Na 的含量,促进 K 的吸收,减少体内 S 的含量,P、Ca、Cu、Fe 在茎中积累,Mg、Mn 在叶中有所增加。Mo 对 Al、Zn 含量无影响。施肥方式不同,Mo 效应也有区别,土施 Mo 肥能增加新梢中的大部分元素含量,喷施Mo 肥则使新梢中的大部分元素含量趋于下降。  相似文献   

9.
In pot experiments with greatly differing rates of N, P, S, K and Ca, dry matter (DM) yields of leek stems varied from 25 to 164 g/pot. Total-N and NO3-N concentrations varied from 1.18 to 3.56% and from 10 to 1515 ppm in DM, respectively. Both N applications and P and K deficiency greatly increased total-N and NO3-N content. S applications increased total-S content from 0.047 to 0.359% in DM, of which between approximately 100 to 25% were found in methionine+cystine. Total-N/total-S ratios decreased from 57 to 6 with the highest S level. P and K applications increased their respective content in DM two- and threefold. Severe Ca deficiency reduced Ca content from 0.495 to 0.045%. Iron, zinc, manganese and copper contents varied from 33–69, 14–26, 11–34 and 3.1–5.7 ppm in DM, respectively. Increasing N contents, whether due to N applications or P or K deficiency, decreased the content of all essential and some other amino acids in crude protein. Both S and severe P deficiency had a pronounced negative effect on amino acid composition and chemical score. Only glutamic acid (glutamine) and arginine were increased by increasing N contents. However, expressed as g/kg DM the concentrations of all amino acids were positively correlated with protein content. S and P deficiency reduced total dietary fibre (TDF) content of DM from 28.3 to 18.6% and 17.4%, respectively, of which between 53 and 60% were insoluble dietary fibre (IDF). Digestible energy (DE) was positively correlated with protein content (r=0.90**). In N-balance trials with rats, increasing protein concentrations (50% of total protein given as casein and supplemented with 1% methionine) raised the true digestibility (TD) of the protein from 44 to 72%. The biological value (BV) of protein was generally high, with a mean of 91.7 N deficiency tended to increase and S deficiency tended to decrease the BV.  相似文献   

10.
The intake and performance of cashmere goats grazing sown swards   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
An experiment was conducted to examine the relationships between sward surface height and the intake and liveweight gain of lactating female goats and their single kids and of 12-month-old castrated male goats continuously grazing grass pasture. Herbage intake was measured using the n -alkane marker technique. Goats grazed the experimental area from May to August at nominal sward heights of 3–4, 5–6, 7–8 and 9–10 cm. Sward heights achieved were variable but were consistently ranked in treatment order.
The herbage intake of females [57-140 g DM (kg LW0.75)−1 d−1] and castrates [26-88 g DM (kg LW0.75)−1 d−1] increased linearly with sward height over the range 3.2-11.0 cm. The liveweight change of females and castrates reflected the pattern of change in sward height.
The herbage intake of kids [17-41 g DM (kg LW0·75)−1 d−1] was not related to sward height, but there was a consistent increase in liveweight gain with sward height from 98 to 129 g d−1. The herbage intake of kids did not increase with age with means of 25–29 g DM (kg LW 0·75 d−1 for kids aged 9–17 weeks.
There was evidence that all classes of goat selected green leafy material of high digestibility.  相似文献   

11.
不同马铃薯品种铜素的吸收、积累和分配   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以紫花白、陇薯3号、大西洋为材料,对不同马铃薯品种的铜素吸收、积累、分配规律进行了研究.结果表明,生育期间马铃薯全株平均铜含量为11.62mg/kg.叶片中铜素累积吸收量陇薯3号呈S型曲线变化,紫花白、大西洋呈抛物线趋势变化;茎中表现为紫花白、陇薯3号呈渐增趋势,大西洋则变化平稳;全株和块茎中的铜素累积吸收量随生育进程...  相似文献   

12.
Six groups of five 18-month-old wether sheep received a diet of dried grass ad libitum with a pelleted ground barley/oat supplement containing various levels of salt for 30 d. The first group received grass of high Na concentration (7·3 g per kg DM) with no added salt in the supplement, a second group received low sodium grass (4·2 g per kg DM) with no salt additions, and the other four groups received the low sodium grass with varying levels of salt added to the supplement to provide a final dietary Na concentration ranging from 7·0 to 18·0 g per kg DM.
Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes were significantly reduced for groups receiving salt supplementation. The digestibilities of DM and OM were reduced for all groups on the low sodium grass diets compared with the high sodium grass diet, but were not affected by salt supplementation.
No consistent changes were observed in the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid, but N availability and retention were higher for the animals on the high sodium grass diet.
The high sodium grass diet gave a better apparent availability and retention of minerals than the low sodium grass diets and, while addition of salt tended to improve the availability of minerals, the urinary loss of minerals increased with salt addition to the diet.
There were no changes in plasma Na levels, and plasma K changes were inconsistent. However, plasma Ca concentration was reduced significantly for salt-supplemented diets with a Na concentration above 7·0 g per kg DM, and plasma Mg was significantly depressed at dietary Na concentrations above 15·0 g per kg DM.  相似文献   

13.
Intensive grazing of pastures may cause drastic and rapid changes in swards which have major effects on ingestive behaviour and diet. Twelve adult Angus cows (Bos Taurus), mean live weight of 482±19 kg, were allowed to graze on swards of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) that were not grazed (TO), or had been grazed previously for 1 h (T1), or 2 h (T2) in a balanced changeover design. Herbage dry ma er (DM) masses (>5 cm) were 2611, 1895 and 1441 kg ha?1; leaf fractions were 0-48, 0-29 and 0-14; and herbage DM allowances per animal were 10·6, 7·9 and 6·0 kg h?1 for TO, T1 and T2, respectively. During a 1 h measured grazing session that followed an overnight fast, cows ingested 2-93, 1·71 and 0·66 kg DM h?1 with herbage DM intakes per bite of 1·6, 0·9 and 0·4 g for T0, T1. and T2, respectively. Rates of biting did not respond to sward treatment and averaged 30 bites min?1. Intake of leaf DM was estimated at 98, 70 and 6% of total DM intake for the same treatment sequence. Utilization of herbage allowance was 0·29, 0·23 and 0·12, for TO, T1 and T2, respectively. Metabolzable energy (ME) intake per animal was 30, 17 and 5 MJ h?1 and ME intake per bite was 16, 9 and 3 KJ for TO, T1 and T2, respectively. Data show that grazing-induced differences in sward characteristics moderate both ingestive behaviour and diet.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of growth regulators on the yield and quality of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) was assessed in two growing seasons. An early-flowering cultivar (Florex) and a late-flowering one (Altaswede) were treated with the growth regulator, daminozide butanedioic acid [mono (2,2-dimethylhydnizide)] or mefluidide [ N -(2,4-dimethyl-5{[(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]amino}phenyl) acetamide], either in early (mid-May) or late (late May) season and at low rate [daminozide, 4kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1; or mefluidide, 0·13 kg a.i. ha−1] or twice the low rate (high rate), and compared with no treatment. Red clover yielded two- to three-fold more dry mater (DM) in the first than in the second harvest, and growth regulator treatments did not redistribute yields more evenly between the two harvests. Growth regulator effects on the yield and composition of red clover were mainly confined to the first cut herbage. Daminozide increased first-cut and annual yields of DM and in vitro digestible DM (TVD); the latter was increased particularly for Altaswede, as compared with the untreated red clover. Mefluidide decreased first-cut yields of DM and IVD for Florex only, but the annual yields for both cultivars were unchanged by this treatment. Changing the rate or time of growth regulator application did not affect DM or IVD yield in red clover. The treated red clover contained less water-soluble carbohydrate in the first cut than did the untreated crop. The high rate of daminozide, when applied early, decreased neutral detergent fibre and increased IVD contents in the first-cut red clover compared with the other combinations of rate and time. Altaswede produced as much DM annually and had a higher IVD content than Florex when these cultivars were cut on common dates, twice during the short growing season in Atlantic Canada.  相似文献   

15.
Cu-enriched pig-mannre slurry was applied to grassland at two rates, 5000 and 10,000 gal/ac (56,000 and 112,000 I/ha), on three occasions, supplying a total of 5.4 Ib/ac (6.1 kg/ha) and 10.8 Ib/ac (12.2 kg/ha) Cu, respectively. At the higher rate, soil Cu extractable with EDTA increased from 24 ppm to 7.3 ppm Cu in samples taken to a depth of 3 in. (7.5 cm) and Cu in herhage DM increased from 9.1 ppm to 21.2 ppm Cu (mean of 5 cuts). Much of the additional Cu in the herhage was thought to be derived from external contamination. In other tests, leafy herbage sampled a few hours after applying slurry contained 338 ppm Cu in the DM. Samples of soil and herbage were taken in 1969, 1970 and 1971 from farm grassland that had received Cu-enriched pig-manure slurry each year; levels of Cu increased in the soil, Cu levels in herbage were variable and appeared to be affected by the rate of grass growth. The evidence suggests that there is at present littie risk of Cu toxicity following applications of Cu-enriched pig-manure slurry; the greatest risk to susceptible stock would appear to be by ingesting either grazed or conserved herbage contaminated with slurry. To avoid possible hazards from a build-up of Cu in the soil, a maximum annual application of ahout 8.5 Ib/ac (9.5 kg/ha) Cu is suggested until more is known on the availability of Cu in slurry to crops and grass.  相似文献   

16.
主栽品种龙眼生物学性状及营养累积特点   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在华南龙眼主产区挖取16~17 a成熟期中高产石硖、储良、福眼和松风本龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)各1株,调查树体生物学性状,探讨养分元素在树体的累积和分配。结果显示,4株龙眼地上部树体生物量平均为264.3 kg(鲜重),果实、叶片和树干分别占地上部生物量的28.4%、12.3%和59.3%。在果实成熟期,叶片、树干、根系和果皮均以Ca含量最高,果肉以K含量最高,果核N含量最高。为生产50 kg果实,龙眼地上部需吸收N 668.6 g、P 102.0 g、K 461.6 g、Ca 1310.4 g、Mg 80.7 g、S 43.3 g、Si 63.8 g、Fe 20.1 g、Mn 5.8 g、Cu 349.9 mg、Zn 1245.9 mg、B 849.5 mg和Mo 8.7 mg。Ca是龙眼最重要的营养元素。收获50 kg龙眼果实,带走养分量为N 167.8 g、P 23.1 g、K 156.4 g、Ca 57.0 g、Mg 12.6 g、S 8.4 g、Si 0.7 g、Fe 0.7 g、Mn 0.4 g、Cu 110.5 mg、Zn 155.6 mg、B 125.3 mg和Mo 1.6 mg。为维持立地土壤养分肥力及龙眼植株正常生长,果实带走养分量应为翌年施肥量的下限。对生产中因营养问题引起的龙眼叶片缺素和果实生长异常现象进行讨论后,建议今后加强龙眼Ca、Mg、Si和B营养的研究。  相似文献   

17.
Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Hudson), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) and goat’s rue (Galega orientalis L.) were harvested at seed ripening stage and in the following spring when the plants were totally dry. The amounts of different plant parts (grasses: stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and panicles; goat’s rue: stem, leaf blades and pods) were measured and the composition of ash, silica (SiO2), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and potassium (K) was analysed for each plant fraction. Plant species, plant part and harvesting time affected the mineral composition; grasses contained more SiO2 and K, but less Cu than goat’s rue. The mineral concentrations were highest in leaf blades. In each species, stem fractions had the lowest ash, SiO2, K, Fe, and Mn contents. The proportion of stem was highest in reed canary grass and goat’s rue when harvested in spring. The K concentration was clearly lower in plants harvested in spring than at seed ripening stage in autumn. However, the concentrations of SiO2, Fe, Cu and Mn were highest at spring harvesting. Spring harvest of reed canary grass yielded clearly higher fibre contents for each plant fraction than harvesting in autumn. Of the species studied, reed canary grass suits best for raw material, if the leaf blades are removed and harvesting is done in spring at senescence stage of plants.  相似文献   

18.
钼肥对套作大豆干物质积累与分配及产量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在"玉/豆"套作模式下,采用完全随机区组设计,研究钼肥干拌种对套作大豆干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,五节期(V5)到完熟期(R8)套作大豆干物质积累总量随施钼量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,且都以B2(1.0g/kg)处理最高;V5期到盛花期(R2)干物质主要分配在茎秆和叶片中,钼肥处理降低了干物质在茎秆中的分配率,而增加了叶片的分配比例;R8期时干物质向荚果的分配比例最高,且随施钼量增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,而向茎秆和叶片的分配则表现为相反的趋势;施钼肥能够提高茎叶中的干物质向荚果的转移率及其对荚果的贡献率和产量,且均以B2处理最优。  相似文献   

19.
In a 16-week winter feeding experiment, 48 autumn calving cows and heifers were used to compare a control diet, with two diets including fodder beet at a low and a high level. The control diet was ad libitum silage and 6 kg d-1 of concentrates (13.4 MJ (kg DM)-1 of ME and 197 g (kg DM)-1 of CP). The cows offered fodder beet were fed the control diet (C) plus fodder beet at either 2 (L) or 4 (H) kg DM d-1. Soya bean meal was offered with the fodder beet at 0.5 or 1.0 kg d-1 for diets L and H, respectively.
Total dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes were 15.2,16.4 and 17.3 kg DM d-1; 177, 195 and 211 MJ d-1 for treatments C, L and H, respectively. The mean milk yields were not significantly affected by the feeding of fodder beet. There was a significant improvement in the fat and protein content of the milk and yield of constituents. The milk composition and yield of solids were: fat content 42.3,44.2 and 45.9 (s.e.d. 1.25) g kg-1; protein content 33.0, 34.5, 35.3 (s.e.d. 0.76) g kg-1; fat yield 964,1027,1095(s.e.d. 63.2); protein yield 757, 801, 841 (s.e.d. 48.8) for treatments C, L and H, respectively. The treatments had no significant effect on live weight or condition score change.  相似文献   

20.
铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD)能清除植物体内有害的活性氧(ROS),参与植株遭受逆境胁迫时的应激反应等过程。铜分子伴侣(CCS)可以传递铜离子到Cu,Zn-SOD当中,并将其激活生成有活性的酶分子,依赖CCS协助是Cu,Zn-SOD主要的激活途径。植物在铜缺乏的环境下会诱导启动子结合蛋白(SPL7)和小RNA398(miR398)的表达,miR398通过降解编码Cu,Zn-SOD的mRNA抑制Cu,Zn-SOD的生成,从而调控植物体内铜平衡。本文主要对植物Cu,Zn-SOD激活和调控途径进行综  相似文献   

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