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1.
芝麻种子带菌检测及药剂消毒处理效果 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用吸水纸检测法对我国6个芝麻主产区的13个广泛栽培的芝麻品种进行了带菌检测,并测定了5种杀菌剂对芝麻种子的消毒效果。结果表明,芝麻种子外部携带真菌的主要类群包括镰孢属（Fusarium spp.）、棒孢属（Corynespora spp.）、长蠕孢属（Helminthosporium spp.）、壳球孢属（Macrophomina spp.）、链格孢属（Alternaria spp.）、曲霉属（Aspergillus spp.）和青霉属（Penicillium spp.）,其中引起芝麻茎点枯病的壳球孢属分离频率和带菌率最高。种子内部携带的真菌类群主要包括镰孢属、棒孢属、壳球孢属和曲霉属等,引起芝麻叶枯病的棒孢属真菌分离频率和带菌率最高。供试的5种杀菌剂对芝麻种子均有一定的消毒效果,其中50 %扑海因和80%多菌灵处理对芝麻种子消毒效果最显著。 相似文献
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在国家农作物引种隔离检疫基地，对从美国引起的２８７份大豆种质资源进行隔离检疫及筛选健康种质。干种子直接检查结果表明有７６．０％的品种带有病粒，其中２１４份带有被大豆花叶病毒（ＳＭＶ）侵染产生的黑色（或褐色）斑驳粒，病粒率为２－１００％。抽样３８份大豆种质进行洗涤检验和吸水纸法检验，两种方法共检测出８属病原真菌，一种线虫和一种细菌，其中以串珠镰刀菌（Ｆ。ｍｏｎｉｌｉ－ｆｏｒｍｅ）和大豆霜霉病菌（Ｐ。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1987,16(4):337-348
Increasing awareness of drought tolerance in pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke.] has stimulated research into pearl millet as a potential U.S. crop. Objectives of this study were to compare yield and yield components of pearl millet and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and evaluate pearl millet response to a range of grain sorghum environments.Yield and yield component comparisons were made using 24 millet hybrids and six grain sorghum hybrids at seven Kansas locations, from 1980 to 1982. To compare pearl millet production in grain sorghum environments, millet hybrid mean yields were regressed on sorghum location means. A desirable millet hybrid would have a high yield and a regression coefficient not significantly different from 1.0.Average grain sorghum yields were greater than millet yields in all three years. Millet hybrid yields ranged from 350 to 5400 kg ha−1. Over all locations and years, millet yield averaged 63% of sorghum yield.In unfavorable environments, pearl millet yield and response to changing environments were not significantly different from those of grain sorghum. As environmental conditions improved, sorghum significantly yielded more than millet. Lower millet yields could be attributed to significantly smaller seed size and head sterility. The small seed also reduced plant establishment; however millet's tillering ability compensated for reduced population. 相似文献
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不同油菜品种种子带菌检测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以油菜主产区的10个主栽品种的种子为材料,将吸水纸检测法与分子指纹分析相结合,对种子携带的真菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,供试油菜种子携带有7属9种真菌,其优势菌群为镰刀菌属（Fusarium sp.）、链格孢属 （Alternaria sp.）以及青霉属（Penicillium sp.）,且不同油菜品种之间种子所携带的真菌种类有较大差异。 相似文献
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新疆甜菜根腐病病原种群鉴定 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
从新疆各主要甜菜产区采集669个甜菜根腐病样,共分离出735个分离物,其中真菌分离物715个,细菌分离物20个,说明真菌是主要的病原种群。真菌中镰刀菌501个,占分离物总数的68.2%;丝核菌113个,占15.4%;腐霉菌81个,占分离物总数11.0%。经鉴定,有6种镰刀菌,即尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme)、茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)、砖红镰刀菌(F.lateritium)、禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum);3种腐霉菌,即瓜果腐霉(Pythiumaphanidermatum)、简囊腐霉(P.monospermum)和P.spp;丝核菌主要为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani),AG-2和AG-4融合群,分别占丝核菌总数的50.4%和35.4%。用上述代表菌进行致病性测定,均可引起甜菜根部腐烂、维管束变色等典型根腐症状。 相似文献
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【目的】本研究旨在了解江苏省水稻主栽品种种子携带水稻恶苗病原菌的情况。【方法】采用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)对江苏65个水稻主栽品种种子携带藤仓镰孢、层出镰孢、拟轮枝镰孢和Fusarium andiyazi等4种水稻恶苗病菌进行检测。【结果】65个品种中有54个品种的种子样本携带恶苗病菌,表明江苏省稻种携带水稻恶苗病菌是一种普遍现象。其中,藤仓镰孢为优势种,检出率高达83.07%,其次是层出镰孢和Fusarium andiyazi,检出率分别为12.30%、6.15%,但供试的65个品种种子均未检测到携带有拟轮枝镰孢。【结论】该技术可用于水稻种子携带恶苗病菌的快速检测。 相似文献
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为了解东北地区大豆种子携带病原菌的情况,选取了该地区52个大豆主要品种(系),采用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)快速检测其种子携带胶孢炭疽菌、平头炭疽菌、冬青丽赤壳菌、亚细亚镰孢菌、黄色镰孢菌、木贼镰孢菌、禾谷镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌、尖镰孢菌、茄腐镰孢菌、轮枝镰孢菌、接骨木镰孢菌、大豆炭腐病菌、大豆拟茎点种腐病菌、大豆疫霉菌和立枯丝核菌16种大豆主要病原菌的状况。结果表明:在其中38个品种(系)的种子样本中累计检测出上述8种病原菌,检出率由高到低依次为:大豆拟茎点种腐病菌、立枯丝核菌、木贼镰孢菌、亚细亚镰孢菌、禾谷镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌、尖镰孢菌和平头炭疽菌。不同大豆品种(系)种子带菌的种类及数量存在较大差异,其中品种绥12-18和29182被检出的病原菌多达4种。本研究对了解东北地区大豆种子携带病原菌的状况有参考价值,并为大豆种子带菌检测提供了新的方法。 相似文献
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吉林省玉米穗腐病病原真菌中镰刀菌毒素的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
先前的研究表明，在吉林省田间玉米穗腐病病原真菌中镰刀菌类占80％。本实验采用薄层层析法和气—质联用法对分离自穗腐病的9株镰刀菌进行了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮和串珠镰刀菌素的定性检测。结果在4株禾谷镰刀菌和一株木贼镰刀菌玉米培养物中检测到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇；在3株禾谷镰刀菌玉米培养物中检测到了玉米赤霉烯酮；在所有被检菌株中均未测到串珠镰刀菌素。 相似文献
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Twelve samples of Striga hermonthica seed were collected from four host crops [millet (4), sorghum (4), a sorghum/millet intercrop (3) and maize (1)] from all the main areas of S. hermonthica infestation in Nigeria and were tested on eight genotypes of three test crops [maize (4), sorghum (2) and millet (2)] in two screenhouse trials. Plants of each test genotype were sown in pots and heavily infested with S. hermonthica. Emergence count of the parasite, test crop damage rating (1–9), and test crop plant height were measured at 9 weeks after planting. The effects of genotypes, samples and their interaction for all three traits measured were highly significant (p = 0.001). Of the 12 samples of S. hermonthica, all have high emergence on both maize and sorghum. Seven samples gave low emergence on millet genotypes and two none at all. Three of the four samples from millet sources gave higher parasite emergence on sorghum and maize than on millet. For Striga damage rating, millet had the lowest average scores, followed by maize and sorghum. The responses of maize genotypes to samples from millet and sorghum sources were significantly different. Millet genotypes also had different responses to the samples from millet sources. For plant height differences, samples from sorghum sources interacted significantly with test maize genotypes, and millet samples with sorghum genotypes. The results indicate that both intercrop and intracrop strains of S. hermonthica are present in Nigeria. 相似文献
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Nagappa G. Malleshi Nirmala A. Hadimani Rangaswami Chinnaswamy Carol F. Klopfenstein 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(3):181-189
Sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet flours (60% of each) were blended with toasted mung bean flour (30%) and nonfat dry milk (10%) and extruded (Brabender single screw) to make precooked, ready-to-eat, weaning foods. The extruded foods had high cold paste viscosity, but their cooked paste viscosity was lower than that of the respective blends. Chemical scores of the extruded foods were 78 for sorghum, 80 for pearl millet, and 96 for finger millet. Protein digstibility corrected amino acid scores (PD-CAS) were similar for pearl millet (68%) and finger millet (69%); PD-CAS for sorghum was 57%. Total dietary fiber content of the foods ranged from 7.6 to 10.1%, with the soluble dietary fiber content of the foods being about 10% higher than that of the corresponding blends. Extrusion enhanced the in vitro protein digestibility of foods, but no marked difference occurred in the in vitro carbohydrate digestibility among the unprocessed blends and the extruded foods. The net protein ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and biological values were higher for the finger millet food than for the pearl millet food, probably because of the higher lysine content of the finger millet protein.Contribution No. 95-253-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,44(3):224-235
This review highlights recombinant DNA technology as a powerful tool to enhance the gene pools of sorghum and pearl millet crops regarded as jewels of Africa. Although important advances in the improvement of these species have been made by classical breeding and modern marker assisted selection, genetic manipulation and in vitro culture allows the gene pool to be broadened beyond that normally available for improvement by allowing the transfer of genes which control well-defined traits between species. The current state of sorghum and millet transformation technology is summarised and applications in the improvement of nutritional quality and the resistance to pathogens and pests for crops grown in Africa and Asia is discussed. Regulatory aspects including gene flow and future prospects are also discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):224-235
This review highlights recombinant DNA technology as a powerful tool to enhance the gene pools of sorghum and pearl millet crops regarded as jewels of Africa. Although important advances in the improvement of these species have been made by classical breeding and modern marker assisted selection, genetic manipulation and in vitro culture allows the gene pool to be broadened beyond that normally available for improvement by allowing the transfer of genes which control well-defined traits between species. The current state of sorghum and millet transformation technology is summarised and applications in the improvement of nutritional quality and the resistance to pathogens and pests for crops grown in Africa and Asia is discussed. Regulatory aspects including gene flow and future prospects are also discussed. 相似文献
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以辽宁省广泛栽培的32个玉米品种的种子为材料进行种子带菌分析,采用保湿培养检验法和分离培养检验法分别对种子表面附带真菌及内部寄藏真菌进行分离和鉴定。在供试的32个玉米品种种子上共分离得到14属真菌,分别为枝顶孢属(Acremonium)、刺毛霉属(Actinomucor)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)、毛壳属(Chaetomium)、附球菌属(Epicoccum)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)、串棒霉属(Gonatobotrys)、毛霉属(Mucor)、黑孢菌属(Nigrospora)、青霉属(Penicillium)、根霉属(Rhizopus)及木霉属(Trichoderma)。种子表面附带真菌以镰孢菌分离频率最高,可高达90%以上;其次是曲霉菌、青霉菌及木霉菌。而在内部寄藏真菌中则以曲霉菌和青霉菌分离频率较高;其次是镰孢菌和毛壳菌,其它各属则仅在一个或几个玉米品种中分离得到。 相似文献
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海南常见杂草病原真菌资源调查及初步鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过对海南部分地区常见杂草病原真菌初步镜检,分离培养,共鉴定出17种杂草上的21种病原真菌。它们是香附子(Cyperus rotundus L)、白茅[Imperata cylindrical(L.)]、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)和一点红[Emilia sonchifolia(L)DC.]上的夏孢锈菌(Uredo sp.);车前草(Plantago asiatica L)、土牛膝(Achyrantnes aspera L)、大飞扬草(Euphorbia hirta L)、象鼻草(Helioeropium indicum L)的粉孢属(Oidium sp.);飞机草(Eupatoriumodora-tum L)的泽兰尾孢(Cerospora eupatorii Peck.)、刺盘孢(Colletotrichum sp.);青葙(Celosiaar gentea L)的交链孢(Alternaria sp.);马唐草(Digitaria sanguinalis(L)Scop)的长蠕孢霉(Helminthosporium sp.)、弯孢霉(Curvularia sp.)、夏孢锈菌(Uredo sp.)、黑孢霉(Nigrospora sp.);野茼蒿(Gynura crepidioides Benth)的交链孢霉(Alternaria Nees sp.)、银花苋(Gomphrena globosa L)的弯孢霉(Curvularia sp.);粗叶耳草(Hedyotis hispida Retz)的弯孢霉(Curvularia sp.);水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)的刺盘孢(Colletotrichum sp);牛筋草(Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn.)的长蠕孢霉(Helminthosporium sp.)以及三叶鬼针草上的黑孢霉(Nigrospora sp.)。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》1995,22(2):177-184
Pearl millet grown at two different locations in the U.S.A., pearl millet A (PMA) and pearl millet B (PMB), were analyzed for chemical composition and nutrient content and compared to corn. The two samples of pearl millet and corn were incorporated into diets and fed to 24 growing pigs in a metabolism trial to determine nitrogen and mineral balance and digestibilities of energy, fat and amino acids. Pearl millet (PMA and PMB) was found to be richer in crude protein, gross energy, ether extract, acid detergent fiber, amino acid profile and mineral content than corn. However, digestibilities of dry matter (corn, 86·8%; PMA, 80·5%; PMB, 82·0%) and energy (corn, 85·3%; PMA, 78·8%; PMB, 80·5%) were higher (P<0·05) for corn than either of the pearl millet samples. Fat digestibility was much higher in pearl millet than corn. Although nitrogen intake and absorption were higher (P<0·05) for pearl millet, the digestibility of nitrogen was similar for pearl millet and corn. Net protein utilization was lower (P<0·05) in pearl millet when compared to corn (corn, 44·8%; PMA, 34·6%; PMB, 39·9%). Digestibilities of the essential amino acids, arginine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and lysine were higher in pearl millet than corn. Phosphorus retention, expressed as a percentage of intake and absorption, was higher in corn than pearl millet. Calcium intake and absorption were similar for pearl millet and corn. Intake and absorption of magnesium and managanese were also similar in pearl millet and corn. Zinc and copper retention, when expressed as a percentage of intake, were higher in corn, but absorption for both minerals was similar in corn and pearl millet. Pearl millet was found to supersede corn in nutrient content and amino acid digestibility. 相似文献