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1.
To determine the effect of adding ketamine to pethidine in reducing post-operative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal operations, in a double blind randomized controlled trial, 100 patients aged 15-60 years who were candidate for elective major abdominal surgery allocated into two groups of pethidine + ketamine group (5 mg pethidine and 0.25 mg kg(-1) ketamine) or pethidine and placebo group (10 mg pethidine and NS) according to the regimen prescribed in postanesthesia care unit. Severity of pain (using visual analogue scale), prescribed dose of pethidine and side effects were recorded until 24 h after operation. Regarding post-operative pain, pethidine + ketamine group showed significant lower scores in all the times except 0 min, 2, 6 and 16 h. Nausea was significantly less frequent amongst pethidine + placebo group at times of 0, 15, 30 and 45 min (p < 0.05). Comparison of two groups did not show significant differences in prescribed pethedine dose in 0, 9, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h (p > 0.05). Yet, the mean dose of administered pethidine as rescue analgesic was significant lower in pethidine + ketamine group compared to pethidine + placebo group (112 +/- 31.5 mg vs. 133.5 +/- 24.5 mg, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results showed that co-administration of ketamine and pethidine in postanesthesia care unit will improve postoperative pain and reduce narcotic consumption. It may, however, increase rate of postoperative nausea in the first hour after operation.  相似文献   

2.
Prevention and treatment of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting continues to be a major challenge in postoperative care. This study was designed to compare the effects of small dose of oral gabapentin with placebo as premedication on early postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Seventy women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to receive oral gabapentin 300 mg or placebo as premedication 1 h before surgery. Patients were anesthetized with the same anesthetic techniques. Duration of anesthesia, severity of postoperative pain and presence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) were compared between the study groups. Demographic data and the duration of anesthesia were not statistically different between the study groups. There were significant differences in median VAS scores (25th-75th) measurements at all time points in the study groups (p < 0.05). Ten patients (28%) in control and one patient (0.02%) in gabapentin group required additional IV analgesic that was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Two patients in gabapentin and nine patients in placebo group had nausea (p = 0.022). None of patients in gabapentin but four patients in placebo group had vomiting (p = 0.114). Administration of oral gabapentin 300 mg before ambulatory laparoscopic surgeries, decreased postoperative pain, analgesic requirement and nausea.  相似文献   

3.
Although the intramedullary nailing is thought to be the method of choice for treatment of closed tibial shaft, there is ongoing debate on the optimal surgical approach in patients with open types of these fractures. In addition, choosing between the reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing is still an issue for the orthopedic surgeons. In present study, we aimed to compare the outcome and consequences of OA tubular external fixation vs. unreamed intramedullary nailing in open grade IIIA-IIIB tibial shaft fractures. In a randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with open tibial shaft fractures (grades IIIA-IIIB) were recruited in Tabriz Shohada teaching centre in a 2-year period of time. They randomized in two equal groups underwent either AO tubular external fixation or unreamed intramedullary nailing. These 2 groups were matched for sex, age and fracture-grade. The follow-up time was one year. Union time, surgical outcome, postoperative complications and the ambulation time were compared between the two groups. Twenty five patients, 20 males and 5 females with a mean age of 30.80 +/- 5.24 years were allocated in unreamed intramedullary group and 25 other patients, 22 males and 3 females with a mean age of 28.92 +/- 8.88 years were studied in the external fixation group (p = 0.70 and 0.37, respectively). The two groups were matched for sex (p = 0.70) and age (p = 0.37). The time of union was 3, 4, 5 and 6 < or = weeks after operation in 28, 12, 32 and 28% of the cases in unreamed intramedullary group vs. 4, 12, 48 and 36% of the cases in external fixation group, respectively (p = 0.14). Post-operative infection, soft tissue injury, malunion and nonunion were documented in 16, 8, 0 and 4% of the cases in unreamed intramedullary group vs. 32, 12, 24 and 8% of the cases in external fixation group, respectively (p = 0.19, 0.50, 0.02 and 0.50, respectively). The mean ambulation time after operation was 2.92 +/- 2.43 weeks in the unreamed intramedullary nailing group vs. 2.68 +/- 2.14 weeks in the external fixation group (p = 0.71). Our results are in favor of unreamed intramedullary nailing against external fixation in treatment of open tibial shaft fractures.  相似文献   

4.
Adenotonsillectomy has a high incidence of postoperative pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of either ketamine or fentanyl for postoperative pain relief in children following adenotonsillectomy. Sixty children aged 3-12 years, scheduled for adenotonsillectomy, were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind study. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 cases and received intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) or fentanyl (1 microg kg(-1)). Modified Hannallah pain scale or Observational Pain Scores (OPS), nausea, vomiting, bleeding, rescue analgesia, sedation and post-anesthesia recovery scores were recorded both at first and 15th minute postoperatively. Moreover, patients receiving ketamine (group 1) or fentanyl (group 2) had comparable OPS and sedation score both on arrival and at 15th minute in the recovery room (p > 0.05). Although rescue analgesics were similarly required in both groups (p > 0.05), the time to reach rescue analgesia was shorter in group 1 (p = 0.001). Only one patient in fentanyl group had nausea and vomiting in the first 15 min that needed antiemetic in the recovery room. In conclusion, intravenous fentanyl (1 microg kg(-1)) compared with intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) might provide extended time to first analgesic in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Interestingly, fentanyl and ketamine did not differ in post-operative vomiting.  相似文献   

5.
Assessment of the effect of combination of intrathecal midazolam and lidocaine on postoperative pain was the aim of this study. This randomized controlled trial was performed during 2007 in a teaching hospital of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Forty five male patients who were candidates for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy entered the study and randomly divided into three groups of control (lidocaine 5% plus normal saline), M 0.5 (lidocaine 5% and midazolam 0.5 mg) and M 1.0 (lidocaine 5% and midazolam 1 mg) according intrathecal solution injected for spinal anesthesia. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, post-operative pain, narcotic requirements and complications (nausea, vomiting, pruritic, headache, hypotension and bradycardia) were recorded. The severity of post-operative pain was lowest in M 1.0 group in all postoperative measurements except at 2 h after operation. With regard of complications, only there was significant difference in vomiting between three groups which had the highest frequency in M 0.5 group. No severe hypotension was seen; though, bradycardia occurred in one patient in M 0.5 group which needed treatment. Present findings suggest that administration of intrathecal midazolam (especially 1 mg) together with lidocaine is effective in reducing post-operative pain in patients undergoing open inguinal herniorrhaphy and is not associated with adverse effect.  相似文献   

6.
The management of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) avulsion is principally by surgery. There are two major techniques in this regard; fixation through open surgery (arthrotomy) or arthroscopically-assisted repair. These are not new in the literature; however, the debate regarding the better approach is still under debate. This study focused on comparing outcome and consequences of arthroscopically-assisted vs. open surgery in repairing ACL avulsion. In a randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with unilateral ACL avulsion were recruited in Tabriz Shohada teaching Centre during a 12 month period of time. These patients were randomized in two equal age and sex-matched groups underwent either arthroscopically-assisted or open ACL repair. The constructive technique was the same in both groups without using any graft. The minimum follow-up period was 6 months including 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Range of Motion (ROM), laxity, Anterior Drawer Test (ADT) result, duration of hospital stay, wound status, nonunion and return to previous work were compared between the two groups. Mean time of suture removal (p = 0.10), minimum and maximum ROM at months 3 (p = 0.43 and 0.22, respectively) and 6 (p = 0.73 and 0.77, respectively), ADT at months 3 and 6 (p = 0.16 for both), laxity at month 6 (p = 0.28) and wound status at week 3 (p = 0.35) were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no case of nonunion at month 6 in either group. The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the arthroscopy group (3.77 +/- 0.92 vs. 2.50 +/- 0.51 days; p < 0.001). The mean laxity score was significantly higher in the open surgery group at month 3 (4.82 +/- 0.59 vs. 4.45 +/- 0.60; p = 0.05). The rate of nonunion was significantly higher in the open surgery group at month 3 (40.9% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.02). Patients in the arthroscopically-assisted technique group returned sooner to previous work (17.41 +/- 1.53 vs. 14.82 +/- 0.96 weeks; p < 0.001). Based on our results, arthroscopically-assisted reconstruction of ACL avulsion is superior to open surgery.  相似文献   

7.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of red Grape Seed Extract (GSE) on lead induced hypertension (HTN) and Heart Rate (HR) in male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: Each group received lead acetate (100 ppm in drinking water), GSE (100 mg kg(-1), orally) or Lead + GSE for 45 days. Another group assigned as control group provided with tap water and regular pellet food. The Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and heart rate were determined by tail plethysmography coupled to a computer system. There was a sustained elevation of SBP in lead exposed rats that significantly increased at day 18 (lead treated, 112.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg, vs. control, 105.6 +/- 2.6 mmHg, n = 10, p < 0.05) and reached a maximum level at day 36 (lead treated, 124.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg, vs. control, 103.6 +/- 3.1 mmHg, n = 10, p < 0.001). However, the other three groups; showed no significant changes in SBP. Furthermore, the heart rate was increased sustainly in lead exposed animals that was statistically significant at days 36 and 45 (lead treated group, 404.5 +/- 9.4 vs. control group, 381.7 +/- 6.7, n = 10, p < 0.05). The blood lead level in both lead and lead + GSE treated groups was increased significantly compared with control and GSE treated groups (p < 0.001). However, GSE administration had no effect on the blood lead level in lead treated group. According to the result of this study, it may be concluded that GSE could have beneficial effect in protecting the cardiovascular system through its antioxidant activity against oxidative stress.  相似文献   

8.
This study aims at assessing the relation between hypoalbuminemia and inhospital mortality in patients with acute stroke. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 112 consecutively admitted patients with first acute stroke in Ahvaz Jundishapur Hospital were enrolled. All patients hospitalized for 7-9 days or expired in this period of time. Admission hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin < 3.5 mg dL(-) as well as other prognostic factors were determined and compared between the two groups. One hundred and twelve patients, 74 males and 38 females with the mean age of 69.2 +/- 12.1 (66-79) years were enrolled. Twenty nine (25.9%) patients expired during the hospitalization. Totally, admission hypoal buminemia was present in 49 (43.8%) patients. 43% of the patients were Hypoalbuminemia. Frequency of patients with admission hypoalbuminemia and is chemic heart disease was significantly higher in the nonsurvivors (75.8-32.5%, p = 0.001; 34.5 vs. 16.9%, p = 0.047, respectively). The mean Glasgow Coma Scale score was significantly lower in the nonsurvivors (8.1 +/- 1.8 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.5, p = 0.003). These three parameters remained significant in multivariate analysis. Sex, age, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, anemia, heart failure and smoking habit, admission atrial fibrillation, ethnicity and stroke type were comparable between the two groups. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of inhospital mortality in patients with acute stroke.  相似文献   

9.
Background: P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of P2X4R on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of P2X4R, could attenuate allodynia and hyperalgesia in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain when used preemptively or after the sciatic nerve injury. Methods: Male Wistar rats (150-200 g, n = 6) were divided into 3 different groups: 1- CCI vehicle-treated group, 2- Sham group, and 3- CCI paroxetine-treated group. Paroxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 1 h before surgery and continued daily until day 14. In other part of the study, paroxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered at day 7 post injury and continued daily until day 14. von Frey filaments for mechanical allodynia and analgesia meter for thermal hyperalgesia were used to assay pain behavior. Results: In a preventive paradigm, paroxetine significantly attenuated both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia (P<0.001). A significant decrease in pain behavior was seen with paroxetine on existing allodynia (P<0.001) and hyperalgesia (P<0.01) when initiated at day 7 post injury. Conclusion: It seems that paroxetine can attenuate pain behavior when administered before and also after sciatic nerve injury in CCI model of neuropathic pain. Key Words: Paroxetine, P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), Allodynia, Hyperalgesia  相似文献   

10.
The aim of this study is the evaluation preparation and discharge times as well as the side-effects, patient satisfaction and costs after out-patient knee arthroscopy performed with a combined sciatic-femoral nerve block or a propofol-remifentanil, propofol-alfentanil general anesthetics. Sixty patients, (remifentanil group 1, n = 20), (alfentanil group 2, n = 20) and a combined sciatic-femoral nerve block (PNB group 3, n = 20). In group 1, anesthesia was induced with remifentanil (1 mic kg(-1) followed by 0.5 mic kg(-1) min(-1) i.v), in group 2 alfentanil (20 mic kg(-1) followed by 2 mic kg(-1) min(-1) i.v, in both groups (group 1, 2) propofol was given 2 mg kg(-1) i.v followed by 9 mg kg(-1) h(-1) i.v. Patients then received atracurium 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v. to facilitate endotracheal intubation. In the PNB group (group 3), patients received a sciatic-femoral nerve block with ropivacaine 25 mL 0.75 mg using a multiple injection technique aided by a nerve stimulator and a short, bevelled, Teflon-coated stimulating needle. There was no significant difference in the duration of stay in the post anesthesia care unit and day surgery unit between groups, there was significant increase in the time to first urination in PNB group than the other two groups. Also there was no significant difference in the stay in delay surgery. The cost of disposal materials, preoperative and post operative times were higher in PNB group. The cost of drugs was higher in remifentanil and alfentanil groups than PNB group; the total cost was insignificant in the three groups. In conclusion, this prospective randomized study suggests that in patients undergoing out-patient arthroscopy, a combined sciatic-femoral nerve block (using a small volume of ropivacaine 0.75%) compared with a propofol-remifentanil or propofol-alfentanil general anesthetics techniques may provide similar intraoperative analgesic efficacy, a shorter length of stay in the PACU and an increased likelihood of bypassing the first phase of postoperative recovery.  相似文献   

11.
The goal of this study was to investigate the role of procalcitonin (PCT) in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and its correlation with C-Reactive Protein (CRP). One hundred and seventeen neonates with the gestational age > or = 35 weeks with clinically suspected diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were studied during one year from 2007 in Tabriz Children's Hospital. Conventional sepsis workup was done in all cases and the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was proved based on the results of blood culture. The serum procalcitonin was measured by quantitative Chemo-luminance methods and the results were compared with CRP levels between the neonates with and without proven sepsis. The results showed among in 117 neonates with suspected sepsis 27 (23.1%) cases have positive blood culture (proven sepsis). The mean levels of PCT in neonates with and without proven sepsis was 4.42 +/- 6.66 vs. 2.06 +/- 4.03 ng mL(-1) and CRP 33.98 +/- 36.81 vs. 12.30 +/- 20.42 mg L(-1) were significantly higher in neonates with proven sepsis (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PCT (more than 2 ng mL(-1)) were 66.7, 50, 28.6, 83.3 and CRP (more than 3.5 mg L(-1)) were 70.4, 72.2, 43.2 and 89%, respectively, in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. There was a meaningful correlation between the level of PCT and CRP in the sepsis group (r = 0.797, p < 0.001). The results of the current study showed that more relying on the level of PCT and CRP for planning the management of neonates with suspected sepsis is not logical, but a negative result may be helpful in ruling it out.  相似文献   

12.
The Common Carotid artery Intima-Media Thickness (CCIMT) can reflect systemic atherosclerosis in renal patients on hemodialysis. This study aimed to compare CCIMT measured by color Doppler ultrasonography between two groups including dialytic patients and normal subjects. In this case-control setting, 48 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (case group) and 46 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure CCIMT and determine presence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid bulb in both groups. Various laboratory parameters were also determined. Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, fasting sugar, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium were comparable between the two groups. Hypertension and elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein, as well as the mean levels of serum non-fasting homocysteine and phosphate were significantly higher in the case group. Mean levels of serum high-density lipoprotein and albumin were significantly higher in the controls. Mean maximum CCIMT was significantly higher in the case group than in controls (0.73 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.68 +/- 0.08 mm, p = 0.01) even after adjusting for other confounding variables. Frequency of patients with atherosclerotic plaques in carotid bulbs was not significantly different between case and controls. In conclusion, this study showed that CCIMT is significantly higher in CKD patients on hemodialysis comparing with matched normal counterparts. Furthermore, this difference was independent of other conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis.  相似文献   

13.
Citrullus colocynthis is one of the medical herbs that traditionally have been used as an antidiabetic medication in tropical and subtropical countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis beyond the hypoglycemic impact on human. One hundred dislipidemic patients were randomly divided into two groups namely treated (n = 50) group and placebo (n = 50) group. The subjects were treated daily by powdered seeds of Citrullus colocynthis (300 mg) and placebo for 6 weeks. The serums, TG, Chol, LDL-C, HDL-C, SGOT and SGPT were measured with enzymatic methods at the beginning and the end of the project. The significance of differences within these groups was calculated by Paired T-test and by analysis of covariance between them. There were significant differences within and between treated and placebo groups during our treatment in TG and in Cholesterol after intervention (p < 0.05). A daily intake of 300 mg day(-1) of powdered seeds of Citrullus colocynthis can lower the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration significantly in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic patients.  相似文献   

14.
Objective: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium Oliverianum were investigated by formalin test model. This study was conducted in on the male Wistar rats, weighting 150-180 g. The animals were divided into seven groups (n = 7) and received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg(-1) of hydroalcoholic extract of teucrium oliverianum intraperitoneally, respectively. Negative control group received normal saline (5 mL kg(-1)) and the positive control groups received 2.5 mg kg(-1) morphine and 300 mg kg(-1) aspirin, intraperitoneally respectively. The results showed that all doses of extract have significant analgesic effect (p < 0.05) in all studies times in comparison with negative control. The best result achieved with 600 mg kg(-1) of extract. The result revealed that the analgesic effect of the extract (600 mg kg(-1)) \was less than aspirin (300 mg kg(-1)) on the second phase of pain and less than morphine (2.5 mg kg(-1)) in both phases of the pain, more than aspirin in first phase of pain. One group of animals was treated with naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and suitable dose of extract (600 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Also, Naloxone inhibited analgesic effect of alcoholic extract of Teucrium Oliverianum. It can be concluded that the alcoholic extract of Teucrium oliverianum may exert its effect through opioid receptors, stimulating GABAergic system or promotes the release of endogenous opipeptides or decreasing free radicals.  相似文献   

15.
Oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant status have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria. To assess the antioxidant level ofbilirubin and uric acid associated with falciparum malaria infection, 60 untreated patients (30 men and 30 women) in Douala, Cameroon were screened for the study. Sixty five healthy individuals (29 men and 36 women) were used as controls. Total and conjugated bilirubin were calculated using Jendrassik-Grof method while uric acid was determined using Barham-Trinder method. It was observed that total and conjugated bilirubins were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in malaria patients (10.722 +/- 4.043 and 3.627 +/- 1.571 mg L(-1), respectively) when compared to control (6.830 +/- 2.436 and 1.777 +/- 0.729 mg L(-1)) and these bilirubin levels increased significantly with parasite count (p < 0.050). There was also significant increased (p = 0.021) of uric acid in malaria patients (56.262 +/- 13.963 mg L(-1)) compared to controls (49.838 +/- 15.419 mg L(-1)). No significant differences based on sex were observed on uric acid, parasite count, total and conjugated bilirubins in malaria patients. Positive correlations were obtained between parasite count and total bilirubin (r = 0.320, p < 0.050), conjugated bilirubin (r = 0.477, p < 0.001), uric acid (r = 0.060, p > 0.050) and between total and conjugated bilirubin (r = 0.729, p < 0.001). From this study, it has been hypothesized that the augmentation of plasma level ofbilirubin and uric acid could provide more protection against oxidative stress induced by malaria.  相似文献   

16.
Previous studies have shown that inflammatory factors increases in pregnancy and is associated with several complications of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on inflammatory factors in pregnant women. In a randomized clinical trial, seventy primigravid (the first pregnancy) and singleton pregnant women aged 18-30 years were assigned to two groups. Subjects consumed daily 200 g probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium animalis BB12 (10(7) CFU g(-1) for each) or 200 g conventional yoghurt for 9 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (28 weeks of gestation) and after intervention (37 weeks of gestation). Inflammatory factors, hs-CRP and TNF-alpha, were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Independent t-test was used to compare the two groups after intervention and paired-sample t-test compared variables before and after treatment. The results showed that the probiotic yogurt brought about a decrease in the serum hs-CRP level, from 10.44 +/- 1.56 to 7.44 +/- 1.03 microg mL(-1) (p = 0.041). There was no significant change in the conventional yogurt group in the serum hs-CRP level (12.55 +/- 1.57 to 14.51 +/- 1.62 microg mL(-1), p = 0.202). The probiotic yogurt had no effect on TNF-alpha (from 73.75 +/- 6.59 to 77.91 +/- 5.61 pg mL(-1), p = 0.633). Serum TNF-alpha did not change in the conventional yogurt group (p = 0.134). In conclusion probiotic yogurt significantly decreased hs-CRP in pregnant women but had no effect on TNF-alpha.  相似文献   

17.
The vitamin A status of 101 pregnant women attending clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria was assessed based on 24 h dietary recall, serum retinol concentration, history of night blindness, physical appearance and clinical eye signs. The study revealed that the mean dietary vitamin A intake of the respondents (2645.31 +/- 188.91 microg RE) and their mean serum retinol concentration (31.18 +/- 2.94 microg dL(-1)) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the FAO/WHO recommended intake and cutoff level for VAD. No case of night blindness, physical signs and symptoms, or clinical eye signs attributable to VAD was observed. There was a significant (p < 0.01) correlation between the amount of 24 h vitamin A intake of the women and their serum retinol concentration (r = 0.31). Also, women who had above 50% of their vitamin A intake from provitamin A sources had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower serum retinol concentration (23.10 +/- 21.12 microg dL(-1)) than those who had above 50% intake from preformed sources (49.54 +/- 42.63 microg dL(-1)) and those with about equal intake from both sources (55.75 +/- 30.80 microg dL(-1)). There was a significant (p < 0.05) and steady decline in serum retinol concentration in the women from the first trimester (37.79 +/- 6.65 microg dL(-1)), through the second trimester (35.12 +/- 4.72 microg dL(-1)), to the third trimester (21.54 +/- 1.46 microg dL(-1)) of pregnancy.  相似文献   

18.
Preeclampsia is a disease regarding with altered vascular reactivity leading to hypertension of the mother and metabolic alterations in the fetus. This study aimed to assess nitric oxide and bleeding time following administration of magnesium sulfate to preeclamtic patients compared to normotensive pregnant women. A total of 112 subjects (56 preeclamtic patients and 56 normotensive pregnant controls) were enrolled in this case-control study. Cases and controls were matched for age, BMI, gestational age, parity and gravidity. Total concentration of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) was measured before and during magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment using a modified Griess-based method. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased during MgSO4 treatment in preeclamtic patients (p < 0.0001). NOx levels were significantly increased in preeclamtic women after MgSO4 administration (33.7 +/- 18.5 vs. 50.2 +/- 21.6, p < 0.0001) but it was not seen in normotensive parturients (52.4 +/- 28.9 vs. 57.3 +/- 21.7, p = 0.362). The bleeding time was scarcely increased following magnesium sulfate treatment in preeclamptic patients compared to normotensive pregnant women but it was not significant (p = 0.18). In addition, there was only a significantly reverse correlation between NOx levels and systolic or diastolic blood pressure in preeclamtic parturients after MgSO4 treatment (r = -0384; p = 0.003 and r = -0.29; p = 0.03, respectively). This study demonstrates that administrating MgSO4 to preeclamtic patients induced significant changes in NOx production which had a major role in modulating vasculature changes in preeclamsia.  相似文献   

19.
Tibia fractures are the most common type of long bone fractures in US. This study aimed at comparing the therapeutic results of closed tibial shaft fracture with intramedullary nails inserted with and without reaming. In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients with a fracture of the tibia were examined. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients treated through inserting intramedullary nail with reaming technique (group A). The other 30 patients treated through inserting intramedullary nail without reaming technique (group B). After operation physical examination and control radiography were taken up to 6 month and results were compared. Sixty patients suffering from closed tibial diaphysis fractures were studied. Mean age of the group A and B were 40.24 +/- 12.32 and 38.42 +/- 14.28, respectively. Group A consisted of 24 (80%) males and 6 (20%) females while group B consisted of 24% females and 76% males. Considering fracture based on OTA criteria (p = 0.4) and severity of soft tissue damage based on Tscherne classification (p = 0.6), there was no statistically meaningful difference between groups A and B. The study demonstrated that degree of horizontal displacement, mean time of surgery, post-operation infection, organ shortness at the end of the follow-up period, organ deviation in patients of the group A was significantly more than that of the group B. Time required for callus formation (mean time of union), mean time of full weight bearing time and mean time of return to normal activities in group B was significantly more than that of the group A.  相似文献   

20.
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is widely used in pharmacological studies as a potent vasodilator or a nitric oxide donor. SNP-induced ataxic effects were assessed in mice by the Joulou-Couvoisier test. Swiss albino mice of both genders, 2-8 weeks of age, were acclimated at least for 2 weeks to 12 h light (rest span)/12 h dark (activity span). In 2 and 4 week old mice, maxima of ataxia were found following intraperitoneal administration of a dose ranging from 3 to 3.6 mg.kg-1 SNP at ≈ 1 and 13 HALO (Hours After Light Onset). The sublethal toxicity was statistically dosing-time dependent (χ2 test: P < 0.005). No rhythm was validated in neurotoxicity by cosinor analyses. At the 8th week of post-natal development (PND), SNP-induced ataxia was greatest at ≈ 1 HALO (69% in males vs. 49% in females) and lowest at ≈ 13 HALO (21% in males vs. 11% in females) (χ2 test: P < 0.00001). Cosinor analysis also revealed no statistically significant rhythm in mice injected with 3 or 3.3 mg.kg-1. However, a significant circadian (τ = 24 h) rhythm was detected by adjusted cosinor in 3.6 mg.kg-1-treated mice (P < 0.004). In all studied groups, SNP-induced motor impairment (expressed in %) was lower during the dark than the light phase. Furthermore, there was a non-significant gender-related difference in SNP-induced neuronal toxicity with the males more sensitive than females at every studied PND. The ataxic effects were inversely proportional to the lag time from injection and to the age of animals (with P < 0.05 only between 2 and 8 week old mice). These data indicate that both the administration time and age of the animal significantly affect the neurotoxic effects of SNP.  相似文献   

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