共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Alder MN Rogozin IB Iyer LM Glazko GV Cooper MD Pancer Z 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5756):1970-1973
Instead of the immunoglobulin-type antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, jawless fish have variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which consist of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules. Somatic diversification of the VLR gene is shown here to occur through a multistep assembly of LRR modules randomly selected from a large bank of flanking cassettes. The predicted concave surface of the VLR is lined with hypervariable positively selected residues, and computational analysis suggests a repertoire of about 10(14) unique receptors. Lamprey immunized with anthrax spores responded with the production of soluble antigen-specific VLRs. These findings reveal that two strikingly different modes of antigen recognition through rearranged lymphocyte receptors have evolved in the jawless and jawed vertebrates. 相似文献
2.
Selection of amino acid sequences in the beta chain of the T cell antigen receptor 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
S M Hedrick I Engel D L McElligott P J Fink M L Hsu D Hansburg L A Matis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,239(4847):1541-1544
The induction of an immune response in mammals is initiated by specifically reactive T lymphocytes. The specificity of the reaction is mediated by a complex receptor, part of which is highly variable in sequence and analogous to immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain variable domains. The functional specificity of the T cell antigen receptor is, however, markedly different from immunoglobulins in that it mediates cell-cell interactions via the simultaneous recognition of foreign antigens and major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecules expressed on the surface of various lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. The relation between the structure of the receptor and its functional specificity was investigated by analyzing the primary sequences of the receptors expressed by a series of T lymphocyte clones specific for a model antigen, pigeon cytochrome c. Within this set of T lymphocyte clones there was a striking selection for amino acid sequences in the receptor beta-chain in the region analogous to the third complementarity-determining region of immunoglobulins. Thus, despite the functional differences between T cell antigen receptors and immunoglobulin molecules, analogous regions appear to be important in determining ligand specificity. 相似文献
3.
Brefeldin A specifically inhibits presentation of protein antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize foreign antigens, including viral proteins, in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Brefeldin A, a specific inhibitor of exocytosis, completely and reversibly inhibited the presentation of viral proteins, but not exogenous peptides, to MHC class I-restricted CTLs directed against influenza virus antigens. The effect of brefeldin A on antigen presentation correlated with its inhibition of intracellular transport of newly synthesized class I molecules. Brefeldin A is thus a specific inhibitor of antigen processing for class I-restricted T cell recognition. Its effect on antigen presentation supports the idea that exogenous peptide antigens associate with cell surface class I molecules, whereas protein antigens processed via the cytosolic route associate with nascent class I molecules before they leave the trans-Golgi complex. 相似文献
4.
M F Good L H Miller S Kumar I A Quakyi D Keister J H Adams B Moss J A Berzofsky R Carter 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,242(4878):574-577
Current vaccine development strategies for malaria depend on widespread immunological responsiveness to candidate antigens such as the zygote surface antigens and the sporozoite coat protein, the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Since immunological responsiveness is controlled mainly by genes mapping within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the humoral immune response to the zygote surface antigens and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the CS protein were examined in MHC-disparate congenic mouse strains. Only two of six strains responded to the 230-kilodalton zygote surface antigen and another two strains responded to the 48/45-kilodalton surface antigen. From two mouse strains, expressing between them five different class I MHC molecules, there was recognition of only a single CTL epitope from the CS protein, which was from a polymorphic segment of the molecule. The restricted CTL response to this protein parallels the restricted antibody response to this protein observed in humans and mice. These findings suggest that subunit malaria vaccines now being developed may be ineffective. 相似文献
5.
Alloantigen recognition is preceded by nonspecific adhesion of cytotoxic T cells and target cells 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
H Spits W van Schooten H Keizer G van Seventer M van de Rijn C Terhorst J E de Vries 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4748):403-405
T-cell receptors bind antigens only when the antigens are exposed on the cell surface. This can be studied best in the interaction of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) with target cells because the recognition and binding event can be separated from the lytic phase. Studies with CTL clones specific for HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 demonstrated that conjugates of CTL's and target cells can be formed in the absence of specific antigen recognition. Furthermore, T-cell receptor and target antigen cannot interact unless there is conjugate formation. This indicates that nonspecific conjugate formation between CTL's and target cells precedes the recognition of specific antigen by the T-cell receptor. 相似文献
6.
[目的]明确葡萄霜霉病抗性蛋白(MrRPV1)LRR结构域对葡萄霜霉菌特异性识别的影响,为进一步研究葡萄与霜霉菌间的互作机理打下基础.[方法]将MrRPV1和白粉病抗性蛋白(MrRUN1)两个蛋白的LRR结构域互换,构建重组表达载体后转化至感霜霉病和白粉病的欧亚种西拉葡萄胚性愈伤组织中以获得转基因植株,并通过DNA、RNA分子水平检测和室内接种试验进行抗病性鉴定.[结果]共获得7个RGA10-8LRR阳性转基因(重组了MrRPV1蛋白LRR结构域)株系和6个RGA8-10LRR阳性转基因(重组了MrRUN蛋白LRR结构域)株系.在7个RGA10-8LRR阳性转基因株系中,仅RGA10-8-13阳性植株表现出与MrRPV1转基因苗S8-1一致的坏死斑点,肉眼观察不到白色霜霉状物,但7个阳性转基因系均未表现出明显的白粉病抗性.在6个RGA8-10LRR阳性转基因株系中,RGA8-10-3和RGA8-10-28两个株系表现出对白粉病的抗性,有35%左右的细胞表现出细胞程序性坏死(PCD);RGA8-10LRR转基因苗均不抗霜霉病.[结论]MrRPV1的LRR结构域可能介导对葡萄霜霉菌的特异性识别,而MrRUN1的LRR结构域可能介导对白粉病菌的特异性识别. 相似文献
7.
Transport protein genes in the murine MHC: possible implications for antigen processing 总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38
T lymphocyte activation requires recognition by the T cell of peptide fragments of foreign antigen bound to a self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. Genetic evidence suggests that part of the class II region of the MHC influences the expression, in trans, of MHC class I antigens on the cell surface, by regulating the availability of peptides that bind to and stabilize the class I molecule. Two closely related genes in this region, HAM1 and HAM2, were cloned and had sequence similarities to a superfamily of genes involved in the ATP-dependent transport of a variety of substrates across cell membranes. Thus, these MHC-linked transport protein genes may be involved in transporting antigen, or peptide fragments thereof, from the cytoplasm into a membrane-bounded compartment containing newly synthesized MHC molecules. 相似文献
8.
Cartilaginous fish are the phylogenetically oldest living organisms known to possess components of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. Key to their immune response are heavy-chain, homodimeric immunoglobulins called new antigen receptors (IgNARs), in which the variable (V) domains recognize antigens with only a single immunoglobulin domain, akin to camelid heavy-chain V domains. The 1.45 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the type I IgNAR V domain in complex with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) reveals a minimal antigen-binding domain that contains only two of the three conventional complementarity-determining regions but still binds HEL with nanomolar affinity by means of a binding interface comparable in size to conventional antibodies. 相似文献
9.
Self-nonself discrimination by T cells 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
The alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes antigens that are presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded cell surface molecules by binding to both the antigen and the MHC molecules. Discrimination of self from nonself antigens and MHC molecules is achieved by negative and positive selection of T cells in the thymus: potentially harmful T cells with receptors that bind to self antigens plus self MHC molecules are deleted before they can mount immune responses. In contrast, the maturation of useful T cells with receptors that bind foreign antigens plus self MHC molecules requires the binding of their receptor to MHC molecules on thymic epithelium in the absence of foreign antigen. The binding of the TCR to either class I or class II MHC molecules directs differentiation of the selected cells into either CD4-8+ (killer) or CD4+8- (helper) T cells, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Glycolipid antigen processing for presentation by CD1d molecules 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Prigozy TI Naidenko O Qasba P Elewaut D Brossay L Khurana A Natori T Koezuka Y Kulkarni A Kronenberg M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5504):664-667
The requirement for processing glycolipid antigens in T cell recognition was examined with mouse CD1d-mediated responses to glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Although some disaccharide GSL antigens can be recognized without processing, the responses to three other antigens, including the disaccharide GSL Gal(alpha1-->2)GalCer (Gal, galactose; GalCer, galactosylceramide), required removal of the terminal sugars to permit interaction with the T cell receptor. A lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A, was responsible for the processing of Gal(alpha1-->2)GalCer to generate the antigenic monosaccharide epitope. These data demonstrate a carbohydrate antigen processing system analogous to that used for peptides and an ability of T cells to recognize processed fragments of complex glycolipids. 相似文献
11.
Dudziak D Kamphorst AO Heidkamp GF Buchholz VR Trumpfheller C Yamazaki S Cheong C Liu K Lee HW Park CG Steinman RM Nussenzweig MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5808):107-111
Dendritic cells (DCs) process and present self and foreign antigens to induce tolerance or immunity. In vitro models suggest that induction of immunity is controlled by regulating the presentation of antigen, but little is known about how DCs control antigen presentation in vivo. To examine antigen processing and presentation in vivo, we specifically targeted antigens to two major subsets of DCs by using chimeric monoclonal antibodies. Unlike CD8+ DCs that express the cell surface protein CD205, CD8- DCs, which are positive for the 33D1 antigen, are specialized for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. This difference in antigen processing is intrinsic to the DC subsets and is associated with increased expression of proteins involved in MHC processing. 相似文献
12.
Activation of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in T cells by H-2 alloantigen but not MLS determinants 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Murine minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) determinants are cell surface antigens that stimulate strong primary T cell responses; the responding T cells display restricted T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene usage. Interaction of T cells with mitogens or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens activated the polyphosphoinositide (PI) signaling pathway, but this pathway was not triggered by Mls recognition. However, interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion and proliferation to all three stimuli were comparable. Thus, although recognition of both allo-H-2 and Mls determinants is thought to be mediated by the TCR, these antigens appear to elicit biochemically distinct signal transduction pathways. 相似文献
13.
DNMT1, the major maintenance DNA methyltransferase in animals, helps to regulate gene expression, genome imprinting, and X-chromosome inactivation. We report on the crystal structure of a productive covalent mouse DNMT1(731-1602)-DNA complex containing a central hemimethylated CpG site. The methyl group of methylcytosine is positioned within a shallow hydrophobic concave surface, whereas the cytosine on the target strand is looped out and covalently anchored within the catalytic pocket. The DNA is distorted at the hemimethylated CpG step, with side chains from catalytic and recognition loops inserting through both grooves to fill an intercalation-type cavity associated with a dual base flip-out on partner strands. Structural and biochemical data establish how a combination of active and autoinhibitory mechanisms ensures the high fidelity of DNMT1-mediated maintenance DNA methylation. 相似文献
14.
采用曼氏血吸虫童虫代谢分泌物免疫 Balb/ c小鼠 ,制备了 2株单克隆抗体 ,经鉴定均为 Ig G1.免疫沉淀分析结果显示 ,两株单抗都识别曼氏血吸虫童虫抗原中的 2 0 k D分子 .间接荧光抗体分析表明 ,两株单抗都与曼氏血吸虫 3h龄和 48h龄童虫及成虫表膜呈强阳性反应 ,而不与毛蚴、肺期童虫及虫卵肉芽肿中的虫卵反应 ,并且也不与日本血吸虫、埃及血吸虫和牛血吸虫童虫反应 .结果显示两株单抗具有阶段和种的特异性 . 相似文献
15.
Reinherz EL Tan K Tang L Kern P Liu J Xiong Y Hussey RE Smolyar A Hare B Zhang R Joachimiak A Chang HC Wagner G Wang J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1913-1921
The crystal structure of a complex involving the D10 T cell receptor (TCR), 16-residue foreign peptide antigen, and the I-Ak self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule is reported at 3.2 angstrom resolution. The D10 TCR is oriented in an orthogonal mode relative to its peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligand, necessitated by the amino-terminal extension of peptide residues projecting from the MHC class II antigen-binding groove as part of a mini beta sheet. Consequently, the disposition of D10 complementarity-determining region loops is altered relative to that of most pMHCI-specific TCRs; the latter TCRs assume a diagonal orientation, although with substantial variability. Peptide recognition, which involves P-1 to P8 residues, is dominated by the Valpha domain, which also binds to the class II MHC beta1 helix. That docking is limited to one segment of MHC-bound peptide offers an explanation for epitope recognition and altered peptide ligand effects, suggests a structural basis for alloreactivity, and illustrates how bacterial superantigens can span the TCR-pMHCII surface. 相似文献
16.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in activating immune responses during infection. The human TLR3 ectodomain structure at 2.1 angstroms reveals a large horseshoe-shaped solenoid assembled from 23 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Asparagines conserved in the 24-residue LRR motif contribute extensive hydrogen-bonding networks for solenoid stabilization. TLR3 is largely masked by carbohydrate, but one face is glycosylation-free, which suggests its potential role in ligand binding and oligomerization. Highly conserved surface residues and a TLR3-specific LRR insertion form a homodimer interface in the crystal, whereas two patches of positively charged residues and a second insertion would provide an appropriate binding site for double-stranded RNA. 相似文献
17.
Antigen presentation requires transport of MHC class I molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
J H Cox J W Yewdell L C Eisenlohr P R Johnson J R Bennink 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4943):715-718
The role of exocytosis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in the presentation of antigens to mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was examined by use of a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the E19 glycoprotein from adenovirus. E19 blocked the presentation of vaccinia and influenza virus proteins to CTLs in a MHC class I allele-specific manner identical to its inhibition of MHC class I transport from the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding indicates that (i) the relevant parameter for antigen presentation is the rate of MHC class I molecule exocytosis, not the level of class I cell surface expression, and (ii) association of class I molecules with antigen is likely to occur within the endoplasmic reticulum. 相似文献
18.
植物中富亮氨酸重复片断类受体蛋白激酶(LRR RLK)属于跨膜类受体蛋白激酶,由胞外LRR结构域、单次跨膜区以及胞内激酶结构域三部分组成。在不同植物中,LRR RLK作为信号识别受体参与CLV、BR、Ax21等信号转导过程,在植物生长发育、激素调节以及逆境应答反应等方面中发挥重要的作用。综述了近年来LRR RLK的相关调控功能及其作用机制的研究进展,并为进一步探索LRR RLK的功能及应用提供参考。 相似文献
19.
20.
Reversal of oncogenesis by the expression of a major histocompatibility complex class I gene 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
The classical transplantation antigens (the major histocompatibility complex class I antigens) play a key role in host defense against cells expressing foreign antigens. Several naturally occurring tumors and virally transformed cells show an overall suppression of these surface antigens. Since the class I molecules are required in the presentation of neoantigens on tumor cells to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, their absence from the cell surface may lead to the escape of these tumors from immunosurveillance. To test this possibility, a functional class I gene was transfected into human adenovirus 12-transformed mouse cells that do not express detectable levels of class I antigens; the transformants were tested for expression of the transfected gene and for changes in oncogenicity. The expression of a single class I gene, introduced by DNA-mediated gene transfer into highly tumorigenic adenovirus 12-transformed cells, was sufficient to abrogate the oncogenicity of these cells. This finding has important implications for the regulation of the malignant phenotype in certain tumors and for the potential modulation of oncogenicity through derepression of the endogenous class I genes. 相似文献