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1.
Background: Although effects of trace elements on secretion of sex steroids and insulin have been studied, the effects of these hormones on serum level of trace elements have been rarely investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of testosterone and finasteride administration and castration on serum levels of testosterone, insulin, zinc and chromium. Methods: Male adult rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8). Group 1, control; Group 2, castration, castration was done at the first day of the study; Group 3, finasteride (20 mg/kg/day, dissolved in drinking water) and Group 4, testosterone (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). At the end of the period of the study (35 days), serum testosterone, insulin, zinc and chromium levels were determined in the blood samples collected directly from the right atrium of the heart of the animals. Results: The data indicated that the serum levels of testosterone, insulin and zinc were significantly increased (P<0.01) in testosterone-administrated and finasteride groups, but the level of chromium was decreased in both groups (P<0.01). Castrated group had the lowest serum levels of testosterone, insulin and zinc (P<0.05). Also, the levels of serum chromium in this group were increased. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that testosterone and finasteride increases insulin and zinc levels and decreases chromium levels in the serum of male adult rats. According to these data, it seems that testosterone may affect glucose cycle through effect on serum insulin levels and trace elements such as zinc and chromium. Key Words: Finasteride, Castration, Insulin, Zinc, Chromium  相似文献   

2.
Effect of soybean (Glycine max) on serum level of some sex hormones: testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), estradiol and prolactin in male rats was investigated. Twenty male albino rats of 12 weeks old with similar body weights were assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and treatment with soybean meal at 100, 200 and 300 mg kg(-1) body weight, respectively daily for 8 weeks. Blood samples collected through cardiac puncture were assayed for levels of hormones. There were dose-dependent effects of the soybean meal on the serum concentration of the hormones. The treatment significantly reduced the levels of testosterone and FSH in the serum while it significantly increased the levels of estradiol, LH/ICSH and prolactin. The results show that soybean (Glycine max) had strong capability to disrupt hormonal functions. Hence, its indiscriminate use could increase the risk of infertility in males.  相似文献   

3.
Background: The present study examined the possible role of endogenous opioidergic system in effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors in male and female rats. Also, we investigated the effect of food deprivation on the plasma level of beta-endorphin and sex hormones. Methods: Food was withdrawn 48 h prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be available ad libitum. The formalin was injected into hind plantar paw. Results: There is significant difference between male and female control rats during phase 2B. Following 48-h food deprivation, both male and female rats exhibited enhanced nociceptive behavior in response to formalin. Food deprivation for 12 and 24 h increased and for 48 h decreased beta-endorphin level in male and female rats. Food deprivation for 24 h decreased testosterone level in male, while it had no significant effect on female rats and food deprivation for 48 h decreased testosterone level in both sexes. Food deprivation for 24 h increased estradiol level in female and that for 48 h had no significant effect on male and female rats. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the existence of food deprivation for 48 h causes enhancement of nociception in the formalin test in male and female rats that has correlation with decrease in plasma beta-endorphin and testosterone levels. Key Words: Rat, Food Deprivation, beta-endorphin, Naloxone  相似文献   

4.
Objective: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium Oliverianum were investigated by formalin test model. This study was conducted in on the male Wistar rats, weighting 150-180 g. The animals were divided into seven groups (n = 7) and received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg(-1) of hydroalcoholic extract of teucrium oliverianum intraperitoneally, respectively. Negative control group received normal saline (5 mL kg(-1)) and the positive control groups received 2.5 mg kg(-1) morphine and 300 mg kg(-1) aspirin, intraperitoneally respectively. The results showed that all doses of extract have significant analgesic effect (p < 0.05) in all studies times in comparison with negative control. The best result achieved with 600 mg kg(-1) of extract. The result revealed that the analgesic effect of the extract (600 mg kg(-1)) \was less than aspirin (300 mg kg(-1)) on the second phase of pain and less than morphine (2.5 mg kg(-1)) in both phases of the pain, more than aspirin in first phase of pain. One group of animals was treated with naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and suitable dose of extract (600 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Also, Naloxone inhibited analgesic effect of alcoholic extract of Teucrium Oliverianum. It can be concluded that the alcoholic extract of Teucrium oliverianum may exert its effect through opioid receptors, stimulating GABAergic system or promotes the release of endogenous opipeptides or decreasing free radicals.  相似文献   

5.
The present study is aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of sulfonylurea drug glimepiride in comparison with Nerium oleander plant extract on insulin, glucose levels and some liver enzymes activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight streptozotocin. Rats with serum glucose levels > 200 mg dL(-1) were subdivided into three sub-groups: the first sub-group were remained without treatment and considered as diabetics. The second and third subgroups were orally administered 0.1 mg kg(-1) body weight/day glimepiride and 250 mg kg(-1) body weight/day Nerium oleander, respectively for 4 weeks. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia compared to controls. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.8) was found between serum insulin and glucose levels in diabetic rats. This correlation was +0.4 and -0.3 in glimepiride and Nerium olender-treated rats, respectively implying that glimepiride and plant extract improved insulin and glucose levels with the former was more efficient. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared to controls. Treatment of diabetic rats with glimepiride or Nerium oleander extract also improved liver enzymes activities.  相似文献   

6.
Growing female rats were fed diets containing either corn oil (CO) or cottonseed oil (CSO) to determine if the previously reported lowering effect of CSO versus CO on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was sex specific and to compare the effect of these two oils on serum and tissue concentrations of RRR-alpha-tocopherol (α-T) and RRR-gamma-tocopherol (γ-T), the two major tocopherols in these oils. In a 4-week study, groups of rats (n=10 each) were fed diets containing 100 g/kg of either CO or CSO. TC was lower for group CSO than group CO. Serum concentrations of HDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides (TGs), as well as the TC/ HDL-C ratio and the hepatic concentrations of cholesterol and TGs, were unaffected by diet. For serum and liver, between-group differences were noted for the concentrations of α-T (where values were higher for group CSO) and γ-T (where values were lower for group CSO). These differences reflected differences between the oils in their concentrations of these tocopherols. Thus, CSO has a lowering effect on TC for both sexes, but on HDL-C for male animals only; replacement of CO with CSO results in changes in tocopherol status.  相似文献   

7.
为探究L-茶氨酸（L-theanine,LTA）对来曲唑诱导的多囊卵巢综合征（Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS）大鼠临床症状的改善效果。将28只雌性SD大鼠按每组7只随机分为正常对照组、PCOS模型组、PCOS+低剂量LTA组和PCOS+高剂量LTA组。建模阶段,除正常对照组以生理盐水灌胃外,其余3组持续灌胃来曲唑28 d诱导PCOS模型。干预阶段,正常对照组和PCOS模型组以生理盐水持续灌胃,两个LTA干预组大鼠分别持续灌胃对应剂量LTA干预30 d。结果显示,与PCOS模型组相比,LTA干预组大鼠血清中睾酮（Testosterone,T）、黄体生成素（Luteinizing hormone,LH）、胰岛素（Insulin,INS）、甘油三酯（Triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（Total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白（Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、脂多糖（Lipopolysaccharide,LPS）水平及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均显著降低（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白（High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,黄体生成素与卵泡刺激素的比值（LH/FSH）、空腹血糖（Fasting plasma glucose,FPG）和体重均有所下降（P>0.05）;低剂量LTA干预组大鼠血清雌二醇（Estradiol,E2）显著升高（P<0.05）;高剂量LTA干预组大鼠卵泡刺激素（Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）显著升高（P<0.05）;LTA干预组大鼠的发情周期紊乱、卵巢组织多囊样病变较PCOS模型组均有一定程度的改善。结果表明,LTA干预能有效调节PCOS大鼠性激素分泌、恢复发情周期规律变化和改善其卵巢多囊样病变,同时显著改善PCOS大鼠胰岛素抵抗（Insulin resistance,IR）、血脂代谢紊乱并抑制异常水平的脂多糖（Lipopolysaccharide,LPS）分泌。  相似文献   

8.
To analyze the influence ofhyperleptinemia on fasting lipid and hematological parameters in healthy Arab male youth in Jordan, this cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2009 on a sample of 120 students aged 18-24 years. Subjects were stratified by fasting leptin into two groups (control, <12.7 ng mL(-1) vs. hyperleptenimic, e_< 12.7 ng mL(-1)) and BMI (normal weight, < 25 kgm(-2) vs. overweight/obese, BMI e_< 25 kg m(-2)). Fasting serum leptin, blood glucose, lipid profile and hematological parameters values were determined by standard kit methods. Mean serum leptin concentrations were more than five times as high in hyperleptenemic subjects than in control subjects (p < 0.001). Compared with control group, significant elevations (p < 0.01) were observed in the means total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels of hyperleptenemic group whereas no significant differences was detected in HDL-cholesterol. Except the changes of WBC count, MCH and slightly MCHC, there were no differences between both groups in any other term of hematological parameters. In conclusion, changes in lipid variables and some hematological parameters may increase plasma viscosity as a step during atherosclerosis pathogenesis in male youth at risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, hyperleptinemia could be a useful index in identifying healthy youth male subjects but this hypothesis needs further investigation.  相似文献   

9.
Previous research carried out in an animal model of retinoid-induced hypertriglyceridemia – rats fet a 13-cis retinoic acid (13cRA)-containing diet having casein as the protein source – has demonstrated that the complete replacement of dietary casein with soy protein isolate (SPI) can decrease the severity of this condition. In this study, the effect of partially replacing dietary casein with SPI was investigated. Five groups of male Fischer 344 rats were used in a 14-day study, with two groups being fed diets having casein as the protein source, without or with 13cRA (groups A and B, respectively), and three groups being fed 13cRA-containing diets in which SPI was used to bring about the isonitrogenous replacement of 25, 50, or 100% of the casein in the formula for the diet used for group B (groups C-E, respectively). Serum triglyceride concentration for group B was significantly different ( p < 0.05) from that of groups A, D, and E (5.41 vs 2.62, 4.04, and 2.66 mmol/l, respectively). Serum cholesterol concentrations for groups D and E were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) than for groups A and B (1.63 and 1.60 vs 2.00 and 2.14 mmol/l, respectively). Thus, the isonitrogenous replacement of 50% of dietary casein with SPI can reduce the severity of retinoid-induced hypertriglyceridemia while decreasing the serum concentration of cholesterol.  相似文献   

10.
Background: Antioxidants such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and β-carotene (vitamin A) play an important role in protective effect of repeated brief periods of ischemia, namely ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Values of these antioxidants were investigated and compared after induction of ischemia reperfusion (IR) and kidney IPC in both male and female rats. Methods: Forty eight Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups of 8: groups A and B (male and female controls, respectively), group C (male IR or IR cases), group D (female IR cases) and groups E and F (male and female IPC cases, respectively). In groups C and D, ischemia was induced by clamping of left renal arteries for 45 min. In groups E and F, rats underwent four cycles of 4 min of arterial clamping and 11 min of de-clamping before final 45 min ischemia induction. Afterward, serum was collected to assess the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and vitamins E and A values. Renal tissues were obtained for histological assessments. Results: α-tocopherol levels in male and female rats showed a significant increase in IPC compared with IR group (P<0.01) and also in female IPC compared with male IPC group. β-carotene levels had no significant variations. Histological evaluation showed that IR-induced renal injuries were less in female rats. Also, protective effects of IPC were more in female rats (P<0.01). Conclusions: Renal IPC reduced damages in both male and female rats, but tissue injuries in females were decreased much more along with the increase of endogenous vitamin E. Key Words: α-tocopherol, β-carotene, Antioxidant, Reperfusion, Ischemic preconditioning (IPC)  相似文献   

11.
The present study was aimed to investigate the combined effects of green tea and vitamin E on heart weight, body weight, serum marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidants and membrane bound ATPases in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Adult male albino rats, treated with ISO (200 mg/kg, s.c.) for 2 days at an interval of 24 h caused a significant (P < 0.05) elevation of heart weight, serum marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation and Ca+2 ATPase level whereas there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in body weight, endogenous antioxidants, Na+/ K+ ATPase and Mg+2 ATPase levels. Administration of green tea (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) together for 30 consecutive days and challenged with ISO on the day 29th and 30th, showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in heart weight, serum marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, Ca+2 ATPase and a significant increase in the body weight, endogenous antioxidants, Na+/K+ ATPase and Mg+2 ATPase when compared with ISO treated group and green tea or vitamin E alone treated groups. These findings indicate the synergistic protective effect of green tea and vitamin E during ISO induced myocardial infarction in rats.  相似文献   

12.
Urtica dioica L. (Stinging nettle) has already been known for a long time as a medicinal plant in the world. This histopathological and morphometrical study was conducted to determine the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves on testis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to equally normal, diabetic and treatment groups. Hyperglycemia was induced by Streptozotocin (80 mg kg(-1)) in animals of diabetic and treatment groups. One week after STZ injection (80 mg kg(-1)), the rats of treatment group received the extract of U. dioica (100 mg/kg/day) IP for 28 days. After 5 weeks of study, all the rats were sacrificed and testes were removed and fixed in bouin and after tissue processing stained with H and E technique. Tubular cell disintegration, sertoli and spermatogonia cell vacuolization and decrease in sperm concentration in seminiferous tubules were seen in diabetic and treatment groups group in comparison with control. External Seminiferous Tubular Diameter (STD) and Seminiferous Epithelial Height (SEH) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the diabetic rats compared with controls and these parameters in the treatment group were similar to diabetics animals. This study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves, after induction of diabetes; has no treatment effect on seminiferous tubules alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.  相似文献   

13.
The vitamin A status of 101 pregnant women attending clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria was assessed based on 24 h dietary recall, serum retinol concentration, history of night blindness, physical appearance and clinical eye signs. The study revealed that the mean dietary vitamin A intake of the respondents (2645.31 +/- 188.91 microg RE) and their mean serum retinol concentration (31.18 +/- 2.94 microg dL(-1)) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the FAO/WHO recommended intake and cutoff level for VAD. No case of night blindness, physical signs and symptoms, or clinical eye signs attributable to VAD was observed. There was a significant (p < 0.01) correlation between the amount of 24 h vitamin A intake of the women and their serum retinol concentration (r = 0.31). Also, women who had above 50% of their vitamin A intake from provitamin A sources had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower serum retinol concentration (23.10 +/- 21.12 microg dL(-1)) than those who had above 50% intake from preformed sources (49.54 +/- 42.63 microg dL(-1)) and those with about equal intake from both sources (55.75 +/- 30.80 microg dL(-1)). There was a significant (p < 0.05) and steady decline in serum retinol concentration in the women from the first trimester (37.79 +/- 6.65 microg dL(-1)), through the second trimester (35.12 +/- 4.72 microg dL(-1)), to the third trimester (21.54 +/- 1.46 microg dL(-1)) of pregnancy.  相似文献   

14.
Several studies support the health-promoting benefits of lupins, particularly lupin proteins. It has been demonstrated that Lupinus albus gamma conglutin (Cγ) protein lowered blood glucose levels; thus, Cγ showed promise as a new anti-diabetic compound for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cγ on Ins-1 gene expression and on pancreatic insulin content in streptozotocin-mediated diabetic rats. Cγ was isolated from Lupinus albus seeds. Its identification was confirmed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions. We used streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2D on the 5th day of life of newborn male Wistar rats (n5-STZ). After 20 weeks post-induction, these animals (glycemia?>?200 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to three groups that received the following one-week treatments: vehicle, 0.90 %?w/v NaCl (n5 STZ-Ctrl); glibenclamide, 10 mg/kg (n5 STZ-Glib); or Cγ, 120 mg/kg (n5 STZ-Cγ). Glucose and insulin levels were measured before and after treatment. Ins-1 gene expression was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction and the pancreatic insulin content was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Post-treatment, the n5 STZ-Cγ and n5 STZ-Glib groups showed reductions in glucose, increments in serum insulin, and increases in Ins-1 gene expression and beta cell insulin content compared to the n5 STZ-Ctrl group. The results showed that Cγ had beneficial effects on Ins-1 gene expression and pancreatic insulin content. These biological effects of Cγ strengthen its promising potential as a nutraceutical and/or new agent for controlling hyperglycemia.  相似文献   

15.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of red Grape Seed Extract (GSE) on lead induced hypertension (HTN) and Heart Rate (HR) in male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: Each group received lead acetate (100 ppm in drinking water), GSE (100 mg kg(-1), orally) or Lead + GSE for 45 days. Another group assigned as control group provided with tap water and regular pellet food. The Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and heart rate were determined by tail plethysmography coupled to a computer system. There was a sustained elevation of SBP in lead exposed rats that significantly increased at day 18 (lead treated, 112.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg, vs. control, 105.6 +/- 2.6 mmHg, n = 10, p < 0.05) and reached a maximum level at day 36 (lead treated, 124.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg, vs. control, 103.6 +/- 3.1 mmHg, n = 10, p < 0.001). However, the other three groups; showed no significant changes in SBP. Furthermore, the heart rate was increased sustainly in lead exposed animals that was statistically significant at days 36 and 45 (lead treated group, 404.5 +/- 9.4 vs. control group, 381.7 +/- 6.7, n = 10, p < 0.05). The blood lead level in both lead and lead + GSE treated groups was increased significantly compared with control and GSE treated groups (p < 0.001). However, GSE administration had no effect on the blood lead level in lead treated group. According to the result of this study, it may be concluded that GSE could have beneficial effect in protecting the cardiovascular system through its antioxidant activity against oxidative stress.  相似文献   

16.
目的观察5年生种植人参食用对成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的影响,探讨人参食用对机体内分泌系统功能的调节作用。方法正常成年Wistar大鼠随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只。各组大鼠连续灌胃给药3个月,观察下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的变化。结果与对照组比较,人参原粉中、大剂量组,人参水提物大剂量组和人参醇提物中、大剂量组均可使正常成年大鼠血清FSH的含量降低(P0.05或P0.01),人参原粉中剂量组可以使正常大鼠前列腺脏器系数升高(P0.05),人参原粉小、大剂量组可以使正常大鼠睾丸+附睾脏器系数升高(P0.05),人参原粉、人参水提物和人参醇提物各剂量组对正常成年雄性大鼠血清T、Cor.及海绵体组织中NO的含量,雌性大鼠血清E2、Cor.的含量,血清中LH的含量及阴茎、子宫和卵巢脏器系数均无明显影响(P0.05)。结论人参原粉、人参水提物和人参醇提物对正常成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴具有一定的调节作用。  相似文献   

17.
Background: The secretion of thyroxin (T4) as the main hormone of thyroid gland is regulated by androgens. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of testosterone and finasteride administration and castration on serum levels of T4 and to show the effect of this regulation on total body weight, weight of testis, and the weight of prostate. Methods: Male adult rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): Group 1 (control), Group 2 (castration), Group 3 (finasteride: 20 mg/kg/day) and Group 4 (testosterone: 5 mg/kg/day). At the end of the study (35 days), serum level of thyroxin, body weight, weight of testis, and prostate were determined. Results: The data showed that the body weight increased in castrated (P = 0.04) and decreased in testosterone (P = 0.00) groups but did not differ in finasteride (P>0.05) group. There were not any differences in the weight of testis among control, finasteride, and testosterone groups but the weight of prostate increased in testosterone group (P = 0.00) and decreased in castrated (P = 0.03) and finasteride groups (P = 0.04). In addition, the serum level of T4 (nmo/ml) decreased in the three groups: finasteride (P = 0.03), testosterone (P = 0.04), and castrated (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Testosterone in both high and low levels decreased the amount of T4 with a time-dependent manner. Key Words: Finasteride, Rats, Testosterone, Thyroxin  相似文献   

18.
The aim of the present investigation was to examine the effect of Flax Seeds (FS) and Date Palm Leaves (DPL) extracts on the concentration of serum glucose and lipids in alloxan diabetic rats. Rats were divided into six groups, normal control rats (without treatment with either FS or DPL), normal control rats treated with either FS or DPL extract for four weeks, diabetic control rats and diabetic rats treated with either FS or DPL extract for four weeks. The concentration of glucose in diabetic rats treated with FS (D+FS) for four weeks was significantly decreased from 17.20 +/- 2.33 to 8.14 +/- 0.54 mmol L(-1) (p < 0.001). Serum total cholesterol concentration (TC) of diabetic rats treated with either FS or DPL extract showed significant decrease by 40 and 31% respectively in the fourth week. Also, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was significantly decreased after two weeks of treatment (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, no significant changes were obtained in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. Results of the present study showed that FS extract has a hypoglycaemic effect against alloxan diabetic rats. Present findings also showed that treatment of alloxan diabetic rats with either FS or DPL extract significantly decreased serum concentration of TC and LDL-C. Present findings suggest that both of FS and DPL extracts could have a protective effect against diabetes complications as well as against hyperlipidemia through improvement of lipid profile.  相似文献   

19.
Veterinarians working under remote field conditions are routinely presented with variety of surgical interventions in equines like castrations, management of wound, traumatic and congenital hernias and musculoskeletal disorders thus necessitating the use of general anaesthesia for management of these conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate and recommend the suitable short term anaesthetic technique for Spiti ponies under field conditions. Seven clinically healthy male Spiti ponies presented for castration were evaluated for short term Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) using detomidine (0.02 mg kg(-1)), butorphanol (0.01 mg kg(-1)), 5% guaifenesin (20 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (2.0 mg kg(-1)). The studies conducted were open label trials and all the animals received same treatment. After proper tetanus prophylaxis and preanesthetic fasting, detomidine was administered intravenously. Subsequently at head down position the animals received butorphanol intravenously. Thereafter, guaifenesin was administered intravenously. As soon as the signs of ataxia developed, the induction of surgical anaesthesia was achieved by intravenous administration of ketamine hydrochloride. The onset of sedation was observed in 2.43 +/- 0.53 min following detomidine administration and the animals were ataxic in 1.43 +/- 0.43 min after butorphanol and guaifenesin administration when ketamine was injected. The ponies were in surgical plane of anaesthesia within 2.28 +/- 0.42 min following ketamine administration. During recovery the limb/head movement and sternal recumbency were attained in 18.71 +/- 1.98 and 26.14 +/- 1.62 min, respectively whereas standing ataxia and normal gait were seen at 29.42 +/- 3.21 and 71.14 +/- 4.74 min, respectively. There was excellent to good muscle relaxation. The surgical anaesthesia remained for 22.57 +/- 1.48 min. The recovery was smooth. Moderate to good suppression of palpebral and corneal reflexes were observed immediately after induction and during anaesthesia. The analgesia was excellent. A highly significant (p < 0.01) to significant (p < 0.05) decrease in respiration rate was observed after induction, during anaesthesia and after recovery. The mean SpO2 value in equines of this group was 76.50 +/- 4.14 and 83.33 +/- 4.18% after induction and during anaesthesia, respectively. Some of the blood biochemical parameters like plasma alanine amino transferase (ALT), total proteins and glucose showed significant increase without clinical consequence. It was concluded that detomidine (0.02 mg kg(-1)), butorphanol (0.01 mg kg(-1)), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (2.0 mg kg(-1)) combination can safely be used for short term total intravenous anaesthesia in equines under field conditions where the monitoring facilities are meager.  相似文献   

20.
Previous research has demonstrated that the total replacement of corn oil (CO) with cottonseed oil (CSO) in the diets of growing male rats results in a lowering of the total cholesterol (TC) concentration in the serum. It is not, however, known if a partial replacement of dietary CO with CSO would be sufficient to lower TC levels, nor is the effect of replacing dietary CO with CSO on other indices of cholesterol status (e.g., the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C [i.e., very-low and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol], or the TC/HDL-C ratio). Growing male rats were fed diets having CO, CSO, or a CO/CSO (1:1, w/w) oil mixture (OM) as the source of dietary oil (diet groups CO, CSO, and OM, respectively). There were no differences between CO and OM groups for TC, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, or the TC/HDL-C ratio. However, TC was significantly lower (p 0.05)for the CSO group than the CO group (2.85 vs. 3.23 mmol/l, or 110 vs. 125 mg/dl, respectively) as was HDL-C (1.83 vs. 2.13 mmol/l, or 71 vs. 82 mg/dl, respectively), but there were no differences between these groups for non-HDL-C or the TC/HDL-C ratio. Diet had no effect on serum triglycerides (TGs) or on total liver content of either cholesterol or TGs. Thus, partial (50%) replacement of CO with CSO was without effect on any of these serum indices of cholesterol status, but total replacement resulted in lower TC and HDL-C, without affecting non-HDL-C or the TC/HDL-C ratio. Because, relative to CO, CSO has higher levels of saturated fatty acids but lower levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the cholesterol-lowering effect of CSO appears to be unrelated to its fatty acid composition, and may be caused by a component of its nonsaponifiable fraction.  相似文献   

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