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1.
2008年我国部分麦区小麦白粉病菌群体对温度的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The sensitivity of 113 isolates of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) sampled from 6 provinces or cities in 2008 to temperature was tested by detached leaf segment method with setting up 5 different temperatures indoor. The results showed the mean ET50 (which represents the temperature that is required to obtain 50% of the maximum effect) of all isolates tested was 23.02℃. ET50 values of 17.70% isolates were more than 24℃. The highest and the lowest ET50 of isolates were 25.22℃ and 19.42℃, respectively. There were a certain differences for isolates sensitivity to temperature among different provinces or cites. It was also found that when temperature increased during 22-26℃, the latent period of isolates prolonged, and the latent period of different isolates was different at the same temperature, too. These results will provide a reference for the oversummering division of wheat powdery mildew, as well as the effect of climate to the disease. 相似文献
2.
The investigation showed that stem-pitting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)occurred commonly in citrus production areas in several varieties of Hunan Province. Accurate detection of CTV strains was performed by p23/PCR method, PCR and the results indicated that the most samples were infected with several CTV isolates. Three mild strains were isolated and their pathogenicity was identified by biological identification, it indicated that p23/PCR groups had uniformity with the pathogenicity of CTV isolates. Furthermore, three mild isolates were tested in the cross protection by analysis of biological symptoms and composition of p23 gene. Different protecting effects were observed among these strains and W17 mild isolate was effective. 相似文献
3.
青海海东地区马铃薯晚疫病菌生理小种的组成及分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
50 isolates of Phytophthora infestans potato plants were collected and tested with 11 monogene R1-R11 of potato late blight differential host in Qinghai province from 2006 to 2007.The results showed that there were 15 races in the Haidong Region of Qinghai province and the dominant race was race 3.4.10 with frequency of 36.0%.They were distributed in all collection areas.Race 3.10 with frequency of 16.0% was distributed in Huzu,Ledu,Huangyuan,Datong and Ping'an.Race 3 with frequency of 10.0% was distributed in Huzhu,Xunhua,Huangyuan and Xining. 相似文献
4.
茄科蔬菜立枯丝核菌的融合群鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sixty-five samples were collected from rhizosphere soil, hot pepper and tomato plants showing damping-off, root rot and stem rot in Taian, Shouguang of Shandong province and Zhouzhi, Taibai of Shaanxi province. Thirty-nine Rhizoctonia solani isolates were obtained from these samples. The results of anastomosis group (AG) identification and sequence analysis of 5.8S rDNA-ITS of the isolates showed that thirty-six isolates (92.3%) belonged to AG-4, while only three (7.7%) belonged to AG-5. The isolates of AG4 could further be divided into two subgroups of AG4-HG-Ⅰ and AG4-HG-Ⅲ. The 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequences of the selected isolates of the two subgroups had the 99%-100% identity with standard isolates of AG4-HG-Ⅰ and AG4-HG-Ⅲ (from GenBank). Among the analyzed isolates, AG4-HG-Ⅰ subgroup was the dominant with the frequency of 79.5%. Subgroup AG-4-HG-Ⅲ with the frequency of 12.8% was the second. This is the first report that subgroup AG4-HG-Ⅲ of R. solani isolated from Solanaceae vegetable crops in China. 相似文献
5.
After being onto 22nd recoverable satellite of China for 18-day spaceflight under microgravity condition,me growth and pathogenicity of PeniciUium expansum were investigated.Spore germination rate of the spaceflight pathogen was insignificantly lower than that of the ground control.After germination,germ tube elongation of spaceflight pathogen was slower,as well as mycelia growth.However,there was no significant difference according to independent-samples T-test.The consistent results were obtained in vivo.The space. flight pathogen exhibited a little weaker pathogenicity in peach fruit.These findings suggested that the microgravity reduced the growth and pathogenicity of P.expansum.but the effect Was not marked. 相似文献
6.
Four isolates of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) were collected from the maize plants showing rough dwarf symptom in Linyi and Tai'an,Shandong province.The S10 genomic sequences of these isolates were determined and compared with those of 14 other RBSDV isolates.All of the four sequences were 1 801 base pairs (bp) long including the 5'-UTR of 21 bp and the 3'-UTR of 103 bp.They all contained an open reading frame of 1 677 bp (22-1698),encoding the coat protein (CP) of 558 amino acids.The sequences of these four RBSDV isolates and those of the major cp gene of 14 other isolates available in the GenBank were divided into two groups in the phylogenetic tree.Recombination analysis indicated that the isolate Lym2 was likely a recombinant of isolates Lym1 and Zhjs. 相似文献
7.
来自安徽不同寄主PVY分离物的血清学鉴定及其cp基因分子进化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tobacco and potato samples showing symptoms of PVY were collected from different regions in Anhui Province, and the ELISA results of partial samples were positive. The total RNA was extracted from the positive samples by TRIZOL methods. Specific primer pair was designed to amplify cp gene of PVY by RT-PCR. Sequencing results indicated that the full length of cp gene of PVY from tobacco (PVY-CP-4) and pota-to (PVY-CP-7) is 801 nts, and each of them encodes 266 amino acids. A phylogenetic tree based on alignment of cp nucleotide sequences was constructed and the sequence comparing of cp gene was conducted. The results showed that PVY-CP-4 could be grouped into one branch with PVYO and PVYN:O and shared the highest sequence similarity (99.4%) with PVYO (EF026074). It was suggested that PVY-CP-4 derived from tobacco in Hefei might belong to PVYO. PVY-CP-7 clustered together with PVYN and PVYNTN and formed another branch. Furthermore, PVY-CP-7 shared the highest sequence similarity (98.3%) with PVYNTN(AJ890347), PVYNTN (EF026075) and PVYNTN(AJ585342). It was supposed that PVY-CP-7 derived from potato in Wuhe probably belonged to PVYNTN. 相似文献
9.
江西甘蔗花叶病病原的分子鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sugarcane mosaic disease, caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) or Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) in Potyvirus, is one of the most important viral diseases of sugarcane. In the study, four primer pairs specific to SCMV, SrMV, MDMV and JGMV, respectively, were designed and used to detect 29 sugarcane leaf mosaic samples collected from 9 locations in Jiangxi province. The representative RT-PCR products were sequenced. The results showed that 22 samples were infected by SCMV, three by SrMV, and four were mix-infected by SCMV and SrMV. MDMV or JGMV were not identified in all samples. The result indicates that SCMV is the major pathogen of sugarcane mosaic disease in Jiangxi province, and SrMV is also a pathogen for the disease. 相似文献
10.
Eight hundred twenty four nit mutants were induced from 73 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, and classified into four phenotypes by their abilities to utilize different nitrogen sources. Among these mutants, 64.9% were characterized as nit 1, 24.3% as nit 3, 9.8% as nit M, 1.0% as nit X. Based on complementary pairing tests of different nit mutants on the medium MM, 44 isolates belonged to 8 different VCGs, 29 isolates were classified into single and different VCGs. These results indicated that there was significant VCG diversity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae population. VCGs might be correlated with geographic origin of strains, but no close correlation was found between VCGs and pathogenicity. 相似文献
11.
中国樟疫霉A1交配型的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1985—1986年自福建、浙江、江苏等省的鳄梨（Persea americana）、山茶花（Camellia sp.）、雪松（Cedrus deodara）、上分离到疫霉属（Phytophthora de Bary）真菌17个菌株,全部鉴定为樟疫霉（Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands）。其中来自福建漳州鳄梨、浙江杭州山茶花上的5个菌株全部为樟疫霉A1交配型.自江苏南京雪松上共分得樟疫霉12个菌株,11个菌株属A2交配型,只有一个菌株为A1交配型.雪松是樟疫霉A1交配型的寄主新记录.不同寄主植物上的樟疫霉A1交配型菌株的形态有一定的差异,樟疫霉的A1、A2交配型的培养性状和形态特征差别不明显. 相似文献
12.
烟草疫霉是引起烟草黑胫病的植物病原菌。笔者前期获得了一株对其有明显拮抗活性的解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。为了评价该菌株作为烟草疫霉生防菌剂的应用潜力，本文采用Biolog代谢表型技术测定并比较了其和烟草疫霉近1000种代谢表型。结果表明，2种微生物的代谢指纹图谱差异较大。烟草疫霉和解淀粉芽胞杆菌分别能代谢74%、41%的供试碳源，96%、77%的供试氮源，98%、86%的供试磷源，100%、69%的供试硫源，分别具有94、91种生物合成途径，72、95种渗透压表型，及95、94种pH代谢表型。烟草疫霉代谢的碳源、氮源、磷源及硫源种类较解淀粉芽胞杆菌多，适应的渗透压环境数量较解淀粉芽胞杆菌少。解淀粉芽胞杆菌能高效代谢，同时烟草疫霉不能或较弱代谢的特征性碳源为D-葡萄糖胺。2种微生物在生物合成途径和pH环境适应力方面的代谢活力相当，均具有脱羧酶和脱氨酶活性。研究结果为解淀粉芽胞杆菌生防菌剂的开发和其防治烟草黑胫病的应用具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
13.
烟草疫霉引起的烟草黑胫病,是烟草生产上的重要病害之一。为了明确链霉菌Sa-21防治烟草黑胫病的应用潜力,用盆栽试验测定了链霉菌Sa-21的生防效果,并用生长速率法等手段探讨了链霉菌Sa-21对烟草疫霉的抑菌作用。盆栽试验表明,链霉菌Sa-21菌株发酵液对苗期和成株期烟草黑胫病有较好的控制效果,最高防效可达98.39%。菌株Sa-21粗浸膏对烟草疫霉菌丝生长的抑菌中浓度为56.1 μg/mL,50 μg/mL的粗浸膏处理后可以降低50%的菌丝生物量。菌株Sa-21粗浸膏对烟草疫霉孢子囊的产生、游动孢子释放、休止孢萌发以及细胞膜透性均有抑制作用,100 μg/mL的粗浸膏基本能够完全抑制孢子囊的产生,并且对游动孢子释放的抑制率达50%以上;粗浸膏浓度为150 μg/mL时,对休止孢萌发的抑制率达94.35%;随着粗浸膏浓度增加,菌丝细胞膜的透性也会加大。研究结果表明,链霉菌Sa-21代谢物对烟草疫霉的生长繁殖产生抑制作用,并为链霉菌Sa-21生防菌剂的开发及其对烟草黑胫病的防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
14.
本文对经KMnO4、H2O2刺激掘氏疫霉(Phytophthora drechsleri)卵孢子萌发建立的单卵孢株群体应用于掘氏疫霉遗传研究的可行性做了研究。2个掘氏疫霉菌株(A1、A2交配型各1株)经聚碳膜间隔配对产生的卵孢子用KMnO4、H2O2以及不用上述氧化剂处理分别建立K、H、C 3个单卵孢株群体(卵孢子萌发率8-16%)。在群体水平上对来自同一亲本的上述3个群体生物学性状比较结果表明,H2O2处理刺激卵孢子萌发不影响生长速度、菌落形态、耐35℃高温生长、致病力及交配型的遗传稳定性,所建立的单卵孢株群体可用于上述性状的遗传研究;KMnO4处理导致掘氏疫霉A1和A2交配型在自交后代各自分离为A1、A2、A1A2和A2、A1A2,但不影响其他生物学性状的遗传稳定性,所建立的单卵孢株群体可用于除交配型性状以外的其他生物学性状的遗传研究,不宜用于交配型正常遗传规律的研究。用KMnO4处理掘氏疫霉A1或A2交配型菌株单株自交产生的卵孢子,从A1菌株自交后代获得A2和A1A2以及从A2菌株自交后代获得A1A2交配型单卵孢株的结果说明,掘氏疫霉异宗配合菌株体内可能同时包含控制A1和A2交配型的遗传因子,在正常条件下有1种交配型遗传因子不表达。KMnO4处理可望作为揭示交配型遗传本质的有用试验手段。 相似文献
15.
为开发烟草疫霉的SSR分子标记,利用MISA软件搜索烟草疫霉基因组序列中的 SSR位点,共发现1 311个SSR位点,优势SSR位点为二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占总 SSR 位点的56.45%和39.36%;根据分析到的SSR位点使用Primer 5.0软件设计48对SSR引物,以7株烟草疫霉的DNA 为模板对这些引物进行筛选,共获得扩增条带清晰且具有多态性的SSR引物20对,然后使用其中的6对SSR对32株烟草疫霉进行UPGMA聚类分析,遗传相似系数在 0.60~1.00 之间,在相似系数0.70水平上,可将其划分为3个类群,类群I包含29个菌株,类群II包含1个菌株,类群III包含2个菌株,显示出较低的遗传分化水平。这些SSR引物的开发将为研究我国烟草疫霉的遗传多样性、群体遗传结构以及遗传图谱构建等奠定基础。 相似文献
16.
抗菌肽和几丁质酶基因提高烟草对黑胫病菌和赤星病菌的抗性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过农杆菌介导法将加信号肽修饰的人工合成杂合抗菌肽CEMA基因(SPCEMA),苜蓿防御素基因(AFP),苦瓜几丁质酶基因(CHI)以及SPCEMA-CHI、AFP-CHI、AFP-SPCEMA双价基因导入本明烟(Nicotiana benthamiana),并对转基因烟草T0和T1代进行了抗病性检测,比较了不同转基因植株的抗病效果。研究结果表明,转基因烟草对黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)、赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)的抗性均强于非转基因烟草,病情指数差异达极显著水平,其中转AFP-CHI双价基因烟草具有较强的抗性,与单价转基因烟草的抗性差异达显著水平。但各单价转基因以及双价转基因烟草之间对上述病菌并未表现出显著的抗病性差异。结果表明植物源的抗菌肽基因与几丁质酶基因在抗植物真菌病害中具有协同增效作用。 相似文献
17.
淀粉利用能力作为疫霉种的鉴别性状 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在适宜的合成培养液中,所试验的各个疫霉种对于淀粉作为碳源的利用能力有极显著的差异。在分类工作中可以根据这一性状来鉴别疑难的种,特别是Phytophthora parasitica和P.palmivora。 相似文献
18.
云南辣椒疫病的分子诊断及其病原菌群体特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对2005~2007年分离自云南省辣椒疫病的病原菌进行分子生物学鉴定,并对病原菌的群体特征进行研究。PCR特异性扩增表明,引起云南辣椒疫病的病原菌是辣椒疫霉。交配型测定显示,234个云南辣椒疫霉菌株由A1、A2和A1A2(自育型)3种交配型组成,以A2和A1A2交配型为主。其中,A2占45.3%,A1A2占43.2%,A1仅占11.5%。大部分产区3种交配型共存,在田间进行有性生殖的可能性很大。甲霜灵敏感性测定的200个菌株中,甲霜灵敏感菌株是主要菌系,占测定菌株的95.5%,中抗和抗性菌株比例较低,分别为2.0%和2.5%。抗药性菌株的出现与甲霜灵的选择压力有关。云南辣椒疫霉群体组成较为复杂,A1A2交配型可能在云南辣椒疫霉的有性生殖中起到了重要的作用,成为影响群体结构的一个重要途径。 相似文献
19.
辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici Leonian)不同发育阶段对嘧菌酯的敏感性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
细胞色素bc1位点抑制剂包含作用于线粒体内膜外壁CoQ氧化位点抑制剂(QoIs)和作用于线粒体内膜内壁CoQ的还原位点抑制剂(QiIs)。从未使用过QoIs和QiIs的江苏省南京市和安徽省和县随机采集分离获得48个辣椒疫霉单游动孢子囊菌株,并测定了它们不同发育阶段对嘧菌酯的敏感性。结果表明,辣椒疫霉菌丝生长对嘧菌酯的敏感性最低,EC50值范围在1.225~86.100 μg/mL,平均值为(21.041±14.397)μg/mL,其活性低于甲霜灵47.7倍;游动孢子囊形成和萌发对嘧菌酯的敏感性较高,EC50值范围分别在0.006~0.996 μg/mL和0.053~0.334 μg/mL,平均值分别为(0.161±0.126)μg/mL和(0.155±0.023)μg/mL,其活性高于甲霜灵516.8倍;游动孢子萌发对嘧菌酯的敏感性最高,EC50值范围在(0.018~0.111)μg/mL,平均值为(0.057±0.011)μg/mL,活性是甲霜灵的142.4倍。离体生物测定结果表明,水杨肟酸对嘧菌酯抑制菌丝生长的增效作用最强,对游动孢子囊形成的增效作用次之,而对游动孢子囊和游动孢子萌发过程的增效作用则不明显。 相似文献
20.
化学合成寡糖诱导烟草抗黑胫病的初步研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
抑菌测定和盆栽试验表明:化学合成的Lewisx和Lewisa寡糖对烟草黑胫病病原菌菌丝生长无明显影响;Lewisx五糖和七糖处理烟草,可使烟草植株产生对黑胫病菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)的抗性,在处理浓度0~10μg/m L内,随着浓度增高诱导效果增强,当浓度达10 μg/m L时,诱导防病效果达90%以上。Lewisx七糖处理,可导致烟草叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)等防卫酶活性不同程度地提高,PPO、POD及PAL分别在处理后第4d、第6d和第8d达到最大值,比对照分别增加了70.7%、150.0%和142.8%。 相似文献