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1.
马尾松种群生物量及其密度效应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
马尾松种群生物量及密度效应研究结果显示,马尾松生物量随生长阶段不同,各组分分配比例存在差异,但主要集中在干材部位。随种群密度增加,生物量呈逻辑斯蒂曲线递减。 相似文献
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毛乌素沙地中国沙棘平茬更新的萌蘖生长与再生能力 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据样地每木（丛）调查资料，分析了中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群的结构动态、生长调节规律和数量能力。结果表明，平茬是对中国沙棘进行利用和更新复壮的有效途径，其4a、9a种群的密度和生物量分别是未平茬同龄种群的1倍及4倍以上。尽管如此，平茬萌蘖种群最终将趋于衰退，它的再次再次更新复壮还必须依赖林窗出现或人工平茬。 相似文献
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对我省当前造林密度问题的探讨王云芳（陕西省林业工作总站，陕西西安７１００８２）造林密度是研究林木个体生长规律同林木群体结构的关系，目的是确定单位面积上林木能够充分利用空间，达到最大生长量、最大生物量和最高经济效果的株数。这个问题，早就引起了人们的注意... 相似文献
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为了解黄牛木（Cratoxylum cochinchinense）的生长规律和种群动态，促进其在城市林业和景观生态方面的应用和推广，研究通过对典型样地内黄牛木种群生长因子的测定，运用SPSS、ArcGIS 等软件进行数据整理和分析，构建种群树高、冠幅、数量与胸径的相互关系函数模型，绘制种群生长变化三维模拟图，直观地呈现种群的生长规律和变化动态。结果表明：茶山和白云山样地的黄牛木生长呈现“金字塔型”，为增长型种群，石花山样地黄牛木生长呈现“纺锤型”，为稳定型种群；茶山样地生境比较稳定，白云山样地生境相对稳定，石花山样地生长压力大干扰黄牛木生长；树高（y1）、冠幅（y2）与胸径（x）的最佳拟合模型为幂函数，数量（y3）与胸径（x）的最佳拟合模型为指数函数；现阶段，各样地黄牛木还处于生长期，未来，黄牛木个体数量将随时间推移逐渐向中老径阶集中，老龄个体增多，幼龄个体减少，因此要加强对黄牛木生长动态的监测和管理，适时地采取合理的护林抚育措施，从而促进黄牛木天然林的演替与更新。 相似文献
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2006年10月用全挖法和分层分段挖掘法,研究了窄冠刺槐根系的分布特征、根系生物量以及不同密度林分根系空间分布特征.结果表明:窄冠刺槐个体根系水平分布在株间可达到6.6 m,在行间可达到5.0 m;主根可深达2 m以上,侧根垂直分布集中在10～40 cm土层内.窄冠刺槐根系生物量占全株生物量的16.82％,主根、侧根的生物量在根系生物量中分别占87.13％、12.87％.窄冠刺槐林分根系生物总量和根总长分别为6 160.2～10 940.55kg·hm-2和970.35～1 607.4 km·hm-2,并呈现出根系生物总量和根总长与林分密度成正相关的规律.在垂直方向上,林分根系中直径D<15 mm的根主要分布在地下0～20 cm土层内,而直径D≥15 mm的根主要分布在地下20～40 cm土层内;在水平方向上,直径D≥5 mm的根数量随距树干距离增加而减少,而直径D<1 mm的根数量则随距树干距离增大而增大,主要集中分布在距树干0.5～1.5 m范围内. 相似文献
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黄土高原半干旱区刺槐人工林群落物种多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对山西省方山县土桥沟流域半干旱区刺槐人工林内植物种类进行野外调查,利用Shannon—wiener指数、Evenness指数和Richness指数,分析不同林分密度级刺槐人工林群落物种多样性。结果表明：（1）刺槐林分密度对丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数的变化有一定影响;（2）当刺槐林分密度为1450株／hm^2和1300株／hm^2时,刺槐林乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种多样性指数相对较大,群落较稳定。结果显示,该研究地刺槐人工林密度选择1300株／hm^2和1450株／hm^2时较为适宜。 相似文献
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陇东黄土高原沟壑区刺槐和油松人工林的生物量和碳密度及其分配规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】基于陇东黄土高原沟壑区刺槐人工林和油松人工林样地调查数据,分析其生物量、碳含量、碳密度及其分配规律,为该地区人工林碳效益估算提供基础数据。【方法】以陇东黄土高原沟壑区12年生刺槐人工林和12年生油松人工林为研究对象,采用样地调查与生物量实测的方法,研究刺槐人工林和油松人工林乔木不同器官、灌草层和枯落物层生物量,以及刺槐人工林和油松人工林乔木层、灌草层、枯落物层和土壤层碳储量及其分配特征。【结果】刺槐人工林乔木层平均碳含量(468.44 g·kg －1)低于油松人工林乔木层平均碳含量(512.77 g· kg －1);刺槐林乔木各器官碳含量为458.00～496.96 g·kg －1,不同器官碳含量表现为干＞枝＞叶＞根＞皮,油松人工林乔木各器官碳含量为503.83～536.27 g·kg －1,不同器官碳含量依表现干＞叶＞枝＞皮＞根;刺槐林草本层、灌木层及枯落物层平均碳含量分别为390.52,398.72和402.82 g·kg －1,油松林草本层、灌木层及枯落物层平均碳含量分别为413.17,436.85和414.03 g·kg －1;随着土壤深度增加,刺槐林和油松林土壤碳含量依次降低,0～10 cm土层土壤含量显著高于10～20,20～30和30～50 cm土层;刺槐林0～50 cm 土层土壤平均碳含量(4.96 g·kg －1)高于油松林(4.45 g·kg －1);刺槐林植被层生物量为54.80 t·hm －2,乔木层、草本层和灌木层分别占95.88%,2.65%和1.46%;油松林植被层生物量为24.37 t·hm －2,乔木层、草本层和灌木层分别占93.43%,5.17%和1.40%;刺槐林枯落物层生物量和碳密度分别为1.36和0.55 t·hm －2,分别是植被层的2.48%和2.12%,油松林枯落物层生物量和碳密度分别为0.92和0.39 t·hm －2,分别是植被层的3.78%和3.09%;刺槐林和油松林土壤层碳密度分别为31.15和24.35 t·hm －2,0～10 cm土壤层碳密度较高,分别占0～50 cm土层土壤碳密度的40.19%和38.73%;刺槐林植被层生物量(54.80 t·hm －2)高于油松林植被层生物量(24.37 t·hm －2);刺槐林和油松林生态系统总碳密度分别为57.60和37.38 t·hm －2,且均表现为土壤层＞植被层＞枯落物层。【结论】刺槐林和油松林植被层生物量表现为乔木层＞草本层＞灌木层,乔木层生物量均以树干占比最大,分别为40.02%和37.29%;2种人工林生态系统碳密度主要分布在土壤和植被中,且刺槐人工林生态系统具有较高的固碳能力。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献