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用小麦白粉病菌11个生理小种的混合菌种,对采自吉林省9个县、市的小麦近缘野生植物的6个属,12个种的42份材料进行接种,除5份免疫外,其余均接种成功。用其中4个属,9个种的25份材料产生的白粉病菌对小麦进行回接,除1份外,其余24份均回接成功。小麦白粉病菌生理小种对小麦近缘植物的寄生像在小麦上一样,有明显的寄生专化性。77.8%的感病小麦近缘植物的感病性随生育期的增长而急剧下降。文中也讨论了感病小麦近缘植物在该地区传播小麦白粉病菌的作用。 相似文献
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用小麦白粉病菌11个生理小种的混合菌种,对黑龙江省的小麦近缘野生植物的6属10种的45份材料进行接种,除1份免疫外,蓁均接种成功。用其中6属10种的34份小麦近缘野生植物产生的白粉病菌分生孢子对小麦进行回接,亦全部回接成功。 相似文献
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毕节地区小麦白粉病抗性鉴定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
毕地区小麦白粉病菌生理小种至少由1,5,7,15,115,311,313,315,347,377,715等11个生理小种组成,其中315号内为优势种,其生理小种的毒性及组成复杂性不亚于全国小麦白粉病鉴定中心兴义,但县与县之间差异较大,历时4年从2500份国内外的原始材料中共鉴定出35份在田间和室内诱发接种条件下表现高抗-免疫的抗源材料,其中贵农19,贵农21等18个已知,未知抗性基因抗源材料的的毒 相似文献
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用小麦白粉病菌11个生理小种的混合菌种,对内蒙古地区小麦近缘野生植物的5个属12个种34份材料进行接种,全部接种成功。用其中5个属10个种27份小麦近缘野生植物产生的白粉病菌,对小麦进行回接,亦全部回接成功。小麦白粉病菌生理小种对小麦近缘野生植物的寄生,像在小麦上一样,有明显的寄生专化性。感病小麦近缘野生植物对小麦白粉病的感病性,随生育期增长而下降。 相似文献
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云南小麦品种抗条锈性测定初报 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
利用条中31号、条中32号、水源11-14和Hybrid46-8等小麦条锈菌生理小种混合菌系对主要生产品种、优质专用小麦及拟推广品种、其它一些有苗头的高代材料共95个品种(品系、材料)进行苗期和成株期抗条锈性测定。结果表明:供试材料中14.7%表现全生育期免疫,24.2%表现成株期中—高抗,24.2%表现成株期中抗—中感,测定结果可为抗病品种的选育选用提供重要的依据。 相似文献
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离体叶段鉴定小麦白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病抗性方法的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用苯骈咪唑保绿的离体叶段对小麦白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病抗性的鉴定结果表明:小麦对白粉病的抗性,用50 mg/kg 苯骈咪唑保绿的小麦离体叶段鉴定结果与田间成株期鉴定结果基本一致;而对小麦抗条锈病、叶锈病性的鉴定结果和田间成株期鉴定的结果有差异。说明此法可用于小麦抗白粉病性的鉴定,而对小麦抗条锈病、叶锈病的鉴定,此法尚待改进。 相似文献
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Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat
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Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel Julio Huerta-Espino Sukhwinder Singh Sridhar Bhavani Caixia Lan Bhoja Raj Basnet 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):255-261
Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance (APR) based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in "near-immunity" or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico (leaf rust and yellow rust) and Kenya (Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust) to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability of resistance. 相似文献
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宁春4号与河东乌麦杂交F2代抗病性及分子标记鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给宁夏小麦抗病育种提供优异资源,以宁春4号、河东乌麦及其杂交F2代331个单株为材料,进行了群体抗病性与分子标记鉴定。结果表明:宁春4号中感白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病,河东乌麦中抗至高抗白粉病、中抗条锈病和叶锈病。在F2代分别鉴定出68、54、52个单株抗白粉病、条锈病、叶锈病,比例依次为20.54%、16.32%、15.71%,其中,50个单株同时抗白粉病和条锈病,44个抗白粉病和叶锈病,32个抗条锈病和叶锈病,29个抗白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病。在F2代群体中检测到239个单株携带Pm16基因,22.59%携带该基因的单株表现田间抗白粉病;202个携带Yr2基因,16.83%携带该基因的单株抗条锈病;246个携带Lr24,17.07%携带该基因的单株抗条锈病;148个单株同时携带基因Pm16和Yr2,185个单株同时携带基因Pm16和Lr24,155个单株同时携带基因Yr2和Lr24,119个单株同时携带基因Pm16、Yr2和Lr24。新开发的6个SSR标记共检测到10个抗病性数量性状基因座(QTL),涉及2A、5A、3B、5D等4条染色体,加性效应为-0.15~0.08,对表型贡献率为2%~4%,连锁系数(LOD值)最大为10.40,其中,5A、3B和5D染色体存在抗病的QTL富集区。 相似文献
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小麦抗条锈病染色体异源易位系的选育 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
利用小麦品种Jubilar作为受体 ,黑麦自交系L15 5为供体 ,培育了 1个抗条锈病 ,叶锈病和白粉病的小麦异源易位系A1882。使用C -带技术证明 ,这个易位系含有 1RS/ 1BL易位染色体。研究表明 ,与其它的 1RS/ 1BL易位系相比 ,本研究创制的这个 1RS/ 1BL易位染色体含有不同抗病基因。用这个异源易位系与高产品种杂交 ,并利用易位染色体作标记辅助选择 ,培育了抗小麦条锈病兼抗白粉病材料R14- 12、R14- 2 2和R16 5 - 2。经接种鉴定 ,这些品系对小麦条锈菌条中 30号和 31号生理小种免疫 ,抗叶锈病并中抗白粉病。这 3份材料的农艺性状较好 ,抗病性稳定 ,容易在小麦育种中应用。本研究证明 ,通过初级易位系与优良品系的杂交和选择 ,把异源易位染色体放在协调的小麦遗传背景上 ,是在小麦育种中克服易位染色体不良作用的有效方法 相似文献
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Evaluating ten spectral vegetation indices for identifying rust infection in individual wheat leaves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ten, widely-used vegetation indices (VIs), based on mathematical combinations of narrow-band optical reflectance measurements
in the visible/near infrared wavelength range were evaluated for their ability to discriminate leaves of 1 month old wheat
plants infected with yellow (stripe), leaf and stem rust. Narrow band indices representing changes in non-chlorophyll pigment
concentration and the ratio of non-chlorophyll to chlorophyll pigments proved more reliable in discriminating rust infected
leaves from healthy plant tissue. Yellow rust produced the strongest response in all the calculated indices when compared
to healthy leaves. No single index was capable of discriminating all three rust species from each other. However the sequential
application of the Anthocyanin Reflectance Index to separate healthy, yellow and mixed stem rust/leaf rust classes followed
by the Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption and Reflectance Index to separate leaf and stem rust classes would provide for the
required species discrimination under laboratory conditions and thus could form the basis of rust species discrimination in
wheat under field conditions. 相似文献
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在温室条件下 ,应用喷就发、万民乐两种液肥不同浓度的稀释液对小麦品种铭贤 16 9进行浸种和叶面喷施。结果表明 :①两种液肥浸种均有延缓小麦条锈病病情发展的作用 ,高浓度较低浓度效果好 ,喷就发较万民乐效果好。②喷就发 4 0 0倍、6 0 0倍、80 0倍液浸种后 ,可降低小麦条锈病病情严重度 ,万民乐 4 0 0倍、6 0 0倍液有类似作用。③喷就发 4 0 0倍、6 0 0倍、80 0倍、10 0 0倍液于接菌后喷施可降低发病叶片严重度 ,万民乐 4 0 0倍、80 0倍、10 0 0倍液有类似作用。④喷就发 4 0 0倍、6 0 0倍、80 0倍、10 0 0倍液叶面喷施对条锈病有预防作用 ,万民乐 4 0 0倍、6 0 0倍液有类似作用 相似文献
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The Rp1 gene of maize determines resistance to the leaf rust pathogen Puccinia sorghi. X-ray treatment of heterozygous (Rp1 Oy/rp1 oy) maize embryos generated seedlings with yellow sectors lacking. Rp1. Yellow sectored seedlings inoculated with rust spores gave rust pustule formation in yellow (Rp1-lacking) sectors and hypersensitive resistance in green tissues, thereby demonstrating that the Rp1 gene product is cellautonomous in its action. In cases where the hypersensitive reaction was initiated in green (Rp1) tissue next to a yellow sector, the hypersensitive response appeared to be propagated poorly, if at all, through Rp1-lacking cells. 相似文献
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【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。 相似文献
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小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。 相似文献