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鉴定了抗瘟粉用型甘薯新品种泉薯76的主要特征特性及其高产机理,旨在为其推广应用提供参考。多年多点试验结果表明,泉薯76具有较好的丰产性,平均鲜薯产量在33．683～40．817t／hm2,为对照种金山57鲜薯产量的93％～130％;平均薯干产量在9．320～11．429t／hm2,为对照种的97．5％～139．1％;平均淀粉产量在5．594～7．143t／hm2．比对照增产1．7％～42．2％。特性研究表明,泉薯76全生长期平均叶面系数为3．739,比对照种金山57高26．8％;平均净同化率为2．724g／（m2·d）,比对照高15．2％;叶面系数和净同化率均较高是其高产的最显著的生理特性。此外,泉薯76抗薯瘟病和蔓割病;薯块干物率约28．0％,比金山57高1．1～1．7个百分点;出粉率为16．6％～17．2％,比金山57高1．0～2．8个百分点;鲜薯蒸熟食用,质地细腻,味道香甜,综合食味评分优于金山57;薯块具有良好的耐贮性能和萌芽性能。因此,泉薯76可作为优质食用型和淀粉加工型品种在生产上应用． 相似文献
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特优航 1号系福建省农科院以龙特甫A与利用航天技术育成的恢复系航一号配组而成的籼型晚稻新组合 ,于 2 0 0 2年 1 2月通过福建省品种审定委员会审定。1 特优航 1号主要特征特性1 1 产量表现2 0 0 0年参加福建省晚稻区域试验 ,平均单产6 92t/hm2 ,比对照汕优 63增产 9 66% ,2 0 0 1年继续参加省晚稻区试 ,平均单产 7 0 0t/hm2 ,比对照汕优 63增产 9 5 6%。2 0 0 1年在闽北建瓯市小松镇湖头村区试 ,平均单产 8 2 8t/hm2 ,比ck (汕优 63)增产 9 8%。 2 0 0 2年在建瓯市示范种植1 5hm2 ,平均单产 7 99t/hm2 ,比ck (汕优 63)增产 9 2 %。该… 相似文献
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苏玉 (糯 ) 2号原名 98W_2 ,是江苏沿江地区农科所谢孝颐研究员主持选育的早熟、优质、高产、紧凑型糯玉米杂交种 ,2 0 0 2年 4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定定名。现已通过国家糯玉米区试和生产试验 ,正申报国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。1 产量表现1999～ 2 0 0 0年参加江苏省特用玉米区域试验 ,两年鲜果穗平均单产 132 0 6 .0kg/hm2 和 12 12 6 .0kg/hm2 ,比对照种苏玉 (糯 ) 1号增产 8.2 %和13.6 % ,增产均达极显著水平 ,产量均居首位 ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年参加国家东南区特种玉米区试 ,其中 2 0 0 0年鲜果穗平均单产 10 5 9… 相似文献
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金优191是湖南省安江农业学校杂交水稻研究所用不育系金23A与该所选育的恢复系191配制而成的中熟中籼组合.2000年1 2月通过怀化市品种审定,2001年3月通过衡阳市品种审定,2001年底通过广西自治区品种审定.1998年参加江西会昌早稻区试,产量9.45 t/hm2,比对照威优77增产7.7%;1998年参加湖南武冈晚稻区试,产量7.01 t/hm2,比对照威优77增产8.2%.作中稻栽培,全生育期125 d;作晚稻栽培,全生育期108 d.抗稻瘟病,高抗白叶枯病.自1998年开始对该组合进行高产制种技术研究,5年来制种产量稳定在3.15 t/hm2以上.现将金优191制种技术总结如下. 相似文献
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‘垦薯1号’马铃薯新品种是黑龙江八一农垦大学以гибрид128-6为母本,брянскийнадежный为父本杂交选育而成。2013年经黑龙江省农垦总局种子管理局审定推广,品种审定编号为:垦审薯2014001号。该品种为中晚熟淀粉加工型品种,2010~2011年参加黑龙江农垦总局区域试验,两年平均产量为34 553 kg/hm2,比对照品种‘克新12号’增产19.60%。2012~2013年参加黑龙江农垦总局生产试验,两年平均产量19 766 kg/hm2,较对照品种‘克新12号’增产13.51%。块茎干物质含量23.69%~25.52%,淀粉含量17.69%~19.52%,维生素C含量89.60 mg/kg鲜薯,还原糖含量0.19%。田间茎叶中抗晚疫病,块茎高抗晚疫病,抗PVX和PVY病毒。‘垦薯1号’适合黑龙江垦区种植。 相似文献
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选育出适合广东省薯区推广种植的食用型甘薯新品种,并于2008年鉴定筛选出11个具有某种优良特性的品种组成集团杂交群体进行有性杂交,从‘普薯04-26’的杂交后代选出单株08-64-271,后定名为‘湛薯271’。2012～2013年参加广东省甘薯新品种区域试验,鲜薯平均产量31 020 kg/hm2,增产达极显著,干薯平均产量8 997 kg/hm2,增产达极显著。2016年3月通过广东省农作物新品种审定,鉴定编号为粤审薯2016001。该品种属高产、优质品种,具有适应性广等优点,适宜广东省各非薯瘟病秋冬薯区种植。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献