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1.
FEMNET, a numerical tool based on the finite element method, was applied to estimate the shapes of various diamond-mesh cod-end designs during fishing. The only design differences rest in the use of round straps of different lengths, positions and numbers. The cod-end shape estimates were then entered in the selectivity simulation tool PRESEMO to simulate the selectivity processes of the various cod-end designs under the same varying fishing conditions. This enabled us to demonstrate how one or two round straps along the cod-end axis may change the selectivity of the cod-end compared with a reference cod-end, without round straps. We predict that in cod-end designs, which comply with the EU legislation, the 50% retention length (L50) may be reduced by up to 1.5 cm (5%) for haddock. 相似文献
2.
东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
通过东海区拖网网囊网目对带鱼和小黄鱼的选择性试验,对拖网最适网囊网目尺寸进行了分析研究。结果表明：1．网囊网目45mm,小黄鱼和带鱼的逃逸率均较低,渔获中兼捕大量当年生经济幼鱼;2．网囊网目54mm,小黄鱼的50％选择体长尚小于其优势体长组范围,带鱼的50％,选择体长已部分进入其优势体长组范围;3．网囊网目65mm,选择体长范围与选择鱼种的优势体长组范围基本一致。综合分析认为：目前东海区最理想的拖网网囊网目不小于60mm。 相似文献
3.
副渔获问题在拖网渔业中尤为严重,因此囊网的网目选择性一直倍受关注。网目选择性常以Logistic或Richards方程来描述。因方程所采用的变量不同而分为体长或主选择性曲线。研究过程中,常用套网法和比较作业法。针对这2种实验方法,作者综述了不同的解析方法以及不同实验间数据合并的条件。提出研究鱼类和渔具的作用,鱼类遭遇网渔具的影响因素以及如何建立合理的数学模型,推测主选择性曲线是渔具选择性研究的重点。 相似文献
4.
Using the cod-end simulation model PRESEMO, the influence of twine thickness on cod-end selectivity is investigated. The reduction of lateral mesh opening that arises as a result of both twine bending stiffness and the physical presence of the twine is considered. While it is shown that this leads to a reduction in cod-end selectivity with an increase of twine thickness, it does not fully explain the relationship found in the available experimental data.
The effect twine thickness may have on the ability of a fish to deform a mesh during the early part of a haul and how netting made of thicker twine may discourage a fish from making escape attempts is investigated. The influence that these factors may have is examined and when included in PRESEMO the resulting simulations are a much better representation of the experimental data. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT: To estimate fishing gear selectivity of clam dredges from data of paired-gear tests in the SELECT analysis process, this paper presents a statistical model of the probability of a clam coming into contact with the dredge teeth and size-selectivity of the control gear. The net-mouth available selectivity is defined as the product of the probability of a clam contacting the dredge teeth and size-selectivity induced by tooth spacing. The model based on the SELECT analysis was tested by using data generated by virtual paired-gear test in which the control dredge of the smallest tooth spacing is assumed to be size-selective. No clear difference in shell length distribution between dredges of different tooth spacings was found in the simulation when the contact probability was small. The plots of proportion of clams caught in the test dredge to the total catch number of clams were U-shaped, and the model fitted the data well. For each simulation consisting of 500 replications, the sample mean and mean square error of each parameter were obtained to evaluate the performance of estimation by comparing with the true value. Parameters were properly estimated with the model. 相似文献
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8.
Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus fisheries are often characterized by high bycatch and discard rates. However, fisheries species exhibit differences in vertical behaviour that can be used to develop selective devices. We developed a separator frame that can be inserted into the forward part of a cod-end to divide it into a bottom cod-end and a top cod-end. In the top cod-end we inserted a 3-m-long window constructed of 274-mm mesh. The separator frame was tested from a commercial vessel in the Kattegat and Skagerrak area. Small mesh net bags were used to collect the catch going through the separator frame and ending up in the bottom cod-end, the top cod-end, or penetrating the window. The majority of Norway lobster and flatfish entered the bottom cod-end, and most gadoids entered the top cod-end. A relatively high proportion of gadoids and flatfish that entered the top cod-end penetrated the window. The separation was size dependant for some of the investigated species. 相似文献
9.
In selectivity experiments with shrimp trawls, very high numbers of animals in the catches of single hauls are a common feature and therefore, sub-sampling is inevitable. In order to find an acceptable balance between work-load and accuracy in the estimation of the selection parameters, it is important to have a sensible idea on the minimum numbers of shrimps to be measured in each catch fraction (cover, discards and landings). The present theoretical study tries to answer this question by means of computer simulations of different sampling strategies and sample sizes applied to catches with known size compositions.
The results of the simulations are discussed in relation to population structure, shape of the cod-end selection curve, sampling strategy (as the relative amounts measured from the different catch fractions) and sample size, and the method used to calculate the selection parameters.
Samples of 750 animals provide an acceptable compromise between work-load and reliability of the estimated selection parameters, provided that sufficient numbers of length classes are available. Population structure, selection curve and sample size (in that order) largely determine the reliability of the estimates, whereas the sampling strategy, on the other hand, only has a minor effect. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT: The effect of various tooth spacing on the contact selection and the net-mouth available selection of a dredge for the equilateral Venus clam Gomphina melanaegis is evaluated by applying a contact-probability model based on the SELECT method to the data of paired-gear tests with a control dredge of 12-mm tooth spacing and four test dredges of tooth spacing 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm. A master selection curve was estimated to be s ( R ) = exp(−11.23 R + 4.799)/(1 + exp[−11.23 R + 4.799]) where, R is l / d , the ratio of the shell length, l , to the tooth spacing, d . The shell width of 50% retention was slightly smaller than the tooth spacing, which means that size selectivity of teeth was a type of contact selection which was dependent on the tooth spacing. Contact probability, δ, of the clams coming into contact with the teeth were 0.625, 0.467, 0.563, 0.670 and 0.976 for tooth spacing 12, 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm, respectively. This indicates that some clams entered the dredge bagnet without contacting the teeth as the sand clogging the tooth spacing carried them into the bagnet. Available selection curve of the dredge net-mouth with teeth was obtained as δ s ( R ) + 1 − δ , and examined in terms of the legal landing size of the Venus clam. 相似文献
11.
本文介绍了东、黄海拖网囊网网目的套网系列试验结果，指出当带鱼的刺鱼体周相当于网目内周时，其体长一般大于这种网目对带鱼的50％选择体长。文中比较了按照刺鱼体周求算网目内径同用50％选择体长决定网目内径的不同之处。根据网目内径与刺鱼体长的相关式，提出保护东海带鱼资源的拖网囊网最小网目内径为56毫米，并依据网目的选择性及带鱼的生物学资料，讨论了采用这一网目尺寸的可行性。 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT: A maximum likelihood method of estimating gillnet selectivity when data are obtained by gillnet fleets consisting of several nets of differing mesh size is presented in this paper. The SELECT model is expanded by application of the relative length (i.e. the ratio of fish length to mesh size) to obtain a master curve of gillnet selectivity. Four kinds of functional model, normal, lognormal, skew-normal and bi-normal are fitted to the data. In addition, two cases in which the relative fishing intensity is either estimated or fixed by catch effort are compared. The bi-normal model has the lower model deviance regardless of whether the relative fishing intensity is estimated or not. The estimation of relative fishing intensity by catch effort is also examined in which the estimates of the parameter of the SELECT model are compared with the catch effort as determined by the number of nets of each mesh size used. For the bi-normal model these quantities compare well. Thus, it is concluded that this method gives reliable estimates even if data for each mesh size is obtained with different catch efforts. 相似文献
13.
刺网渔具选择性研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
刺网选择性研究是渔具选择性研究领域中的重要部分，其对于渔业管理、资源调查和评估等都是至关重要的。本文以刺网渔具的4种渔获方式为研究基点，通过对刺网渔具选择性特点的描述，介绍各种刺网渔具选择性曲线的表示方法。根据国外多年来对刺网渔具选择性研究方法的发展进程，对当前几种常用的选择性曲线间接估算方法（SELECT模型、同时估算选择性曲线和种群资源的方法以及同时估算A类和B类曲线的方法）的原理和运用现状进行详细介绍。对间接估算法中常用的假设条件（几何相似原理、相同渔获能力等）、估算方法的缺陷和相互之间的关系以及在进行刺网渔具选择性研究时所要关注的问题等进行了讨论，为今后深入开展刺网渔具选择性研究提供参考。 相似文献
14.
为合理利用我国北方海区对虾资源，每年秋季在渤海使用机动渔船双拖网捕捞生产。由于渤海既是主要的对虾渔场，又是多种经济鱼类产卵繁殖和幼鱼生长的良好场所。在拖网捕虾的同时，大量捕到当年的幼鱼，损害渔业资源。因此，在1974—1977年研究一种能够多捕对虾、大量释放幼鱼的新型双拖网。新型网的主要特点如下：它的天井网比原型网长一倍左右，并增加侧网使网口的覆盖面积和网高相应扩大，防止对虾接触网具后弹跳逃逸；将囊网网目放大到50毫米，以释放网内的幼鱼。试验效果较为满意。在模型网水槽试验中，新型网的主要优点是阻力较小、网口较高和网口前方覆盖面积较大。捕捞生产试验证明可以增产对虾40％以上，少捕幼鱼不少于60％。 相似文献
15.
R.P. Briggs 《Fisheries Research》1983,2(1):29-46
The effect on catch composition of a large mesh lifter net fitted to a trawl cod-end was investigated in the Northern Ireland Nephrops fishery in the north west Irish Sea (ICES area Vila). Two experiments were conducted using chartered commercial fishing vessels. In the first experiment, parallel hauls showed there to be no significant difference in the Ncphrops size distribution caught by nets with and without a lifter net. The result of the second experiment, in which the cod-end was fitted with a small mesh cover to retain escaping Nephrops, did not suggest that the cod-end meshes were blinded by the lifter. Field data are contrasted with those from theoretical studies of mesh obstruction. 相似文献
16.
《Fisheries Research》2007,83(1-3):111-118
The legally sized fish by-catch is an important economic component of many Nephrops fisheries. However, the small mesh size typically used by Nephrops trawlers results in many undersized fish being discarded. A selection grid was inserted in a two-tier cod-end in an attempt to separate the target species, Nephrops, from the fish by-catch and to retain the by-catch in the upper cod-end. Good separation would allow fish size selection to be improved by using a larger mesh size in the upper cod-end. The separation properties of grids with two different bar spacings and two lower gaps were investigated. Nephrops, haddock and dab were caught in reasonable numbers. Most small Nephrops passed into the lower cod-end, with the proportion passing into the upper cod-end increasing to between ∼40 and ∼70% at carapace lengths of 50 mm. The grids with the larger bar spacing allowed more Nephrops into the lower cod-end, but there was no significant difference in separation between grids for haddock or dab. The proportion of haddock passing into the upper cod-end increased from ∼60% for 10 cm haddock to ∼85% for haddock of 20 cm or more. The proportion of dab passing into the upper cod-end increased from ∼30% for 10 cm dab to ∼75% for dab of 20 cm or more. 相似文献
17.
利用几何相似原理将传统的过滤性渔具选择性曲线转化为选择性曲面。运用选择性方程，并假设不同网目大小的渔具对相同尺寸渔获个体的渔获服从多项分布后，对过滤性渔具的网目选择性建立模型。使用极大似然估计法对模型进行拟合，同时，通过假设检验对模型进行简化。使用平行作业法试验条件下的张网渔具的黄鲫(Setipinrm taty)渔获数据进行模型拟合。结果显示，所建模型可以在没有对照网的情况下估算出各不同网目大小网囊的选择率，并同样适用于套网法试验条件下的选择性分析。模型的建立为今后进行过滤性渔具网目选择性试验方法改革提供了理论参考。通过与SELECT模型比较，认为模型使用选择性方程并区分渔获能力和捕捞努力量使得模型更具普遍性。 相似文献
18.
为了明晰东海区单层流刺网对棘绿鳍鱼的选择性特征,开展不同网目尺寸(45、50和55 mm)和网片高度(6和10 m)的单层流刺网生产实验。结果显示,不同实验网渔获物中棘绿鳍鱼体长频率呈单峰分布;选用Normal、Lognormal和Gamma模型对渔获数据进行拟合,并使用极大似然法估算模型参数,似然比卡方检验和赤池信息系数(AIC)比较表明,Lognormal模型拟合效果最佳,其卡方值为30.65,明显小于临界值,AIC值为147.78,模型曲线向右倾斜明显,峰值左侧选择率递增较快,右侧下降缓慢,与原始数据相符;50 mm网目50%选择性体长为123 mm,有效捕捞体长范围为123~209 mm;根据遭遇网具的棘绿鳍鱼资源结构估算结果,实验海域棘绿鳍鱼体长频率呈正态分布,优势体长范围为125~185 mm,与早期研究结果相近;50 mm网目有效捕捞体长范围与当前资源优势体长范围相近,可实现捕捞效率的最大化;总体上两种高度(6和10 m)实验网渔获物中,棘绿鳍鱼体长频率分布相似,优势体长范围相近,上述两种网片高度对棘绿鳍鱼资源的影响差异不显著。上述研究结果可为近海渔业生产和管理提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Maxine P. Piggott Samuel C. Banks Ben T. Broadhurst Christopher J. Fulton Mark Lintermans 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(1):173-184
- Detecting rare species is often a necessity for conservation and management, yet challenging for many field survey methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a highly promising solution that has been shown to outperform many established survey methods.
- Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) is an endangered native species that has declined significantly in range and abundance. Detection of M. australasica was compared with an abundant alien fish species (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using eDNA and three conventional survey methods: gill nets, electrofishing and fyke nets.
- eDNA occupancy estimates for both fish species were compared using four different models to investigate what effect these differences have on false positives and false negatives for the rare and common fish species. These models used unadjusted eDNA detections in water samples, eDNA detections that have been screened using a limit of detection method to remove potential false positives, eDNA data supplemented with a second survey method, or eDNA data augmented with sequencing of positive polymerase chain reaction replicates.
- eDNA surveying as a single detection method was found to be more efficient and sensitive compared with each capture method separately and combined. Occupancy estimates for the common and rare species did not vary significantly between the four site occupancy-detection models, suggesting that supplementary data may not have as much effect on occupancy estimates compared with other approaches such as temporal or spatial sampling.
- We conclude that eDNA outperforms the three established survey methods for both a rare and common freshwater fish species. Although there was no significant effect of augmenting eDNA survey methods with other survey data, additional data may improve confidence in detection, and provide confirmatory evidence for unexpected or new detections of a species.
20.
CEDAR M. CHITTENDEN BJØRN ÅDLANDSVIK OLE‐PETTER PEDERSEN DAVID RIGHTON AUDUN H. RIKARDSEN 《Fisheries Oceanography》2013,22(1):1-13
The use of pop‐up archival satellite tags (PSATs) to geolocate marine fishes in polar regions is challenging due to the brevity of periods during which there is a defined sunrise and sunset. Models using other environmental parameters are thus required to supplement geolocation data in the estimation of marine migratory routes. The objective of this work was to create a simple method that would estimate the migratory pathways of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in polar regions using temperature and depth recordings. Validated geolocations from PSATs were used to test and constrict the model. The model’s predicted migratory routes were within 100 km of the light‐based geolocations calculated by the tags. By constraining the trajectories through the geolocations, bias was reduced. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that slight alterations of the location and timing of the start and end points did not affect the mean migratory route estimates. This method is a management tool that can determine the primary habitat areas for any surface‐ or bottom‐dwelling marine species – especially in polar regions, where other methods may be impossible. 相似文献