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1.
建立了一种简易而实用的残留分析方法 ,用于检测土壤与水中氰氟草酯及其 3种代谢产物 ,即(R)-2-[4-(4-氰基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-丙酸(ACID)、 (R)-2-[4-(4-氨基甲酰基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-丙酸(AMIDE)、(R)-2-[4-(4-羧基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-丙酸 (DIACID)。该方法仅用高效液相色谱法的梯度洗脱程序即可将 4种化合物有效分离 ,省去了需将氰氟草酯 (母体)衍生化反应再用气相色谱法检测这一复杂步骤。同时 ,该方法的添加回收率高。较低的 p H值对提高 4种化合物的提取效率很重要。  相似文献   

2.
研究了 10 %千金乳油 (有效成分 :氰氟草酯 )和 78%杀虫安可溶性粉剂对金鱼和麦穗鱼肝脏酯酶及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST)活性的亚致死剂量效应。发现杀虫安 (0 .2 34mg· L-1)对两种鱼的 GST活性均具诱导作用 ,而氰氟草酯 (1,2 mg· L-1)仅诱导了麦穗鱼的 GST活性 ;当杀虫安与氰氟草酯混合处理时 ,对麦穗鱼 GST活性的诱导效应最为明显。在一定的浓度范围内 ,氰氟草酯 (1,2 mg· L-1)和杀虫安 (0 .117,0 .2 34mg· L-1)均可诱导金鱼肝脏酯酶活性 ;对麦穗鱼肝脏酯酶而言 ,杀虫安为诱导作用 ,氰氟草酯则抑制其活性。研究结果表明 :两种酶的活性直接或间接地受供试药剂的影响 ,两种试鱼对氰氟草酯和杀虫安的生物反应存在差异。  相似文献   

3.
氰氟草酯水解动力学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了氰氟草酯在不同温度、不同pH条件下于水溶液中的降解动态,并通过液相色谱法对水解产物进行了鉴定。结果表明,氰氟草酯在酸性条件下比较稳定,在微酸性及中性条件下水解速度加快,在碱性条件下水解迅速;温度升高水解反应加速,水解反应温度效应系数为2.1~3.0,活化能为74.90 kJ/mol。水解产物主要是(R)-2- -丙酸、(R)-2- -丙酸和(R)-2- -丙酸。  相似文献   

4.
氯氟吡啶酯系列药剂对旱直播水稻田杂草具有很好的防治效果,两年示范结果表明,氯氟吡啶酯系列药剂除草效果快,对水稻生长安全。GF-3408(氯氟吡啶酯+氰氟草酯120 g/L乳油)每667 m~2用100~150 mL可有效防除旱直播稻田阔叶杂草、莎草及禾本科草,防除效果好于GF-3206(氯氟吡啶酯25 g/L乳油)+氰氟草酯组合和五氟磺草胺+氰氟草酯组合。示范结果表明,氯氟吡啶酯系列药剂对稗草防治效果优良,对马唐、日照飘拂草防治效果差。针对直播稻田草相主要为马唐、日照飘拂草田块,可考虑与其他针对性药剂混配使用,以提高防除效果。  相似文献   

5.
明确噁唑酰草胺和氰氟草酯在水稻中的残留情况及对人体的膳食摄入风险.建立了噁唑酰草胺和氰氟草酯及其代谢物在糙米、稻壳和秸秆中的残留分析方法.在0.02~0.5mg/kg添加水平下,噁唑酰草胺、氰氟草酯及其代谢物在水稻基质中的平均回收率为83%~112%,相对标准偏差为1%~16%.噁唑酰草胺、氰氟草酯及其代谢物在糙米、稻...  相似文献   

6.
氰氟草酯防治水稻直播田杂草试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为明确氰氟草酯的田间最佳施药剂量,及不同生产厂家提供的不同剂型氰氟草酯对水稻直播田禾本科杂草稗草和千金子的田间防除效果。2011年组织开展了十家农药公司提供的不同制剂的氰氟草酯对直播水稻田稗草和千金子的田间药效试验。结果表明:氰氟草酯有效成份75g/hm^2-180g/hm^2用药量对稗草和千金子防效较好,对千金子的防效优于稗草,同时对水稻安全;不同农药厂家生产的不同剂型的氰氟草酯对直播稻田禾本科杂草的防效有一定差异。  相似文献   

7.
采用田间试验方法研究了五氟磺草胺和氰氟草酯复配剂(五氟磺草胺•氰氟草酯)对水稻直播田杂草的控制效果和应用安全性。结果表明,五氟磺草胺•氰氟草酯对直播稻田的禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草和莎草均具有较好的防除效果,有效成分用量90~180 g/hm2的综合防效可达95%以上,显著优于对照药剂氰氟草酯,与五氟磺草胺、五氟磺草胺+氰氟草酯、丙草胺+苄嘧磺隆的防效相当。五氟磺草胺•氰氟草酯显著降低了稗、鸭舌草种群对田间N、P、K养分的吸收,保持了土壤肥力。五氟磺草胺•氰氟草酯有效成分用量90~120 g/hm2苗后茎叶处理对水稻安全,对后茬小麦、油菜、甘蓝、葱、大蒜等作物无不良影响。  相似文献   

8.
为明确稻稗对噁唑酰草胺的非靶标抗药性和对氰氟草酯的交互抗药性水平,通过剂量反应试验测定辽宁新民(R_1)、黑龙江虎林(R_2)和黑龙江哈尔滨(R_3)3个稻稗种群对噁唑酰草胺的非靶标抗药性和对氰氟草酯的交互抗药性水平。结果显示,R_1、R_2、R_3在喷施细胞色素P450抑制剂杀草强后对噁唑酰草胺的抗性指数比分别为1.14、1.71、2.38,表明R_1对噁唑酰草胺的抗药性与非靶标P450的活性无关,R_2和R_3对噁唑酰草胺的抗药性可能是靶标与非靶标的共同作用。3个稻稗种群对氰氟草酯的抗性指数分别为25.73、12.79、10.29,表明3个稻稗种群都对氰氟草酯产生了交互抗药性。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]比较常用新型除草剂防除直播晚稻抗药性稗草的效果.[方法]选择常用新型茎叶除草剂及组合用药,在播后苗前实施了封闭控草的直播晚稻田间稻苗3叶期,进行茎叶喷施防除抗药性稗草示范试验.[结果]参试药剂对稗草具有很高的株防效、鲜重防效,但药后田间残存稗草仍能对水稻造成危害:10%口恶唑酰草胺EC 100~130 mL/667m 2、10%口恶唑·氰氟EC 200 mL/667m 2、(13%氰氟·吡啶酯EC80 mL+10%氰氟草酯EC 120~150 mL)/667m 2、(3%氯氟吡啶酯EC 100 mL或13%氰氟·吡啶酯EC 80 mL+6.9%精口恶唑禾草灵EW 20 mL)/667m 2、10%氰氟草酯EW 160 mL/667m 2,残存稗草造成轻度至中等偏轻危害;10%口恶唑·氰氟EC 160 mL/667m 2、(13%氰氟·吡啶酯EC 80 mL+10%氰氟草酯EC 100 mL)/667m 2,残存稗草造成中等危害;10%双草醚SC 50 mL/667m 2、34%敌稗EC或70%敌稗·丁草胺EC 180 mL/667m 2,残存稗草造成严重危害或草荒;只有10%口恶唑酰草胺EC 160 mL/667m 2、(3%氯氟吡啶酯EC 100 mL+10%氰氟草酯EC 100 mL)/667m 2、10%氰氟草酯EW 200 mL/667m 2处理,药后残存稗草对水稻基本无草害.[结论]为直播晚稻抗药性稗草防除提供技术指导,提出了直播晚稻抗药性稗草治理对策.  相似文献   

10.
为了明确和验证13%氰氟·吡啶酯乳油+10%氰氟草酯乳油对水稻田稗草、千金子等杂草的防治效果,2019年在崇阳开展了田间药效试验。试验结果表明:13%氰氟·吡啶酯乳油和10%氰氟草酯乳油组合对稗草和千金子有较好的防治效果,每667m2用药量13%氰氟·吡啶酯乳油80g+10%氰氟草酯乳油150mL防治效果最好,药后7d、15d、35d、45d对稗草防效分别达到64.8%、96.7%、94.8%和94.9%,对千金子的防效分别达到64.4%、97.8%、93.9%和92.2%,且对水稻生长安全。  相似文献   

11.
增效磷在液相中的光化学降解研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
研究了增效磷在正己烷、甲醇、乙腈、丙酮及水溶液中以及在不同光源下的光化学降解, 结果表明: 在正己烷、甲醇、乙腈溶液中, 增效磷降解效应显著, 在汞灯下的半衰期分别为0. 98、1. 54、2. 11 h, 在紫外灯下, 半衰期分别为3. 59、3. 55、6. 01 h; 增效磷在丙酮溶剂中降解缓慢, 三种光源下的半衰期分别为8. 25、53. 32、990. 14 h; 增效磷在水中光解迅速, 高压汞灯下的光解半衰期为0. 33 h; 丙酮对增效磷在水中的光解有极显著的猝灭作用, 猝灭效率与丙酮的量具有显著的相关性, 猝灭效率最高达- 322. 34%。对反应体系的吸收光谱测定结果表明,增效磷在液相中的光解差异与吸收光谱的改变有一定程度的相关性。  相似文献   

12.
嘧菌酯在水和有机溶剂中的光化学降解   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以500 W氙灯为光源,研究了嘧菌酯在水和有机溶剂中的光化学降解动态及其影响因素。结果表明:当质量浓度为5 mg/L时,嘧菌酯在纯水中光解的半衰期为5.8 h,在2~20 mg/L范围内,其光解速率随初始质量浓度的增大而降低;嘧菌酯在不同介质中的光解速率从大到小依次为乙腈水甲醇正己烷丙酮,其半衰期分别为4.8、5.8、11.5、12.1和23.5 h;硝酸盐对嘧菌酯在水中的光解具有光敏化作用,当NO-3质量浓度为1、2、10和20 mg/L时,其半衰期分别为5.5、5.1、4.5和3.9 h;在1~2 mg/L质量浓度下,NO-2对嘧菌酯在水中的光解具有光敏化作用,而在10~20 mg/L时则表现为光淬灭作用;Fe3+及表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对嘧菌酯在水中的光解具有光敏化作用,而腐殖酸和Fe2+则对其表现为光淬灭作用。研究结果可为嘧菌酯的科学合理使用及其环境风险评估提供参考。  相似文献   

13.
This study investigated the physiological causes of differences in phytotoxic symptoms shown in barnyardgrass from foliar applications of the herbicides fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and cyhalofop-butyl. When these were applied to the third leaves of the whole plant, the chlorosis and desiccation in the third leaf was greater in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl than cyhalofop-butyl. However, initial growth inhibition of the fourth leaf was greater when using cyhalofop-butyl than when using fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. In the shoot regrowth test, regrowth at five days after treatment (DAT) was smaller in cyhalofop-butyl than in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl; the regrowth at 10 DAT exhibited the reverse trend. The chlorosis (decrease of chlorophylls: carotenoids ratio) in barnyardgrass leaf segments that were floated on herbicide solution was greater in the fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatment. These results indicate that different herbicidal responses induced by the two herbicides are likely to be related to differential translocation and metabolism. The relatively light chlorosis and desiccation in treated leaves, severe cessation of initial growth (but a lower final herbicidal efficacy in the cyhalofop-butyl treatment) are probably related to its rapid translocation to the meristem region from the treated leaf, followed by faster metabolism. In contrast, the relatively greater chlorosis and desiccation compared to inhibition of initial growth in the fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatment is likely to be related to its relatively slower translocation and metabolism in the treated leaf.  相似文献   

14.
实验室条件下,采用高效液相色谱法研究了东莨菪内酯在水溶液中的光解特性以及初始质量浓度、光源、pH值和温度等因素对其光解的影响。结果表明,东莨菪内酯在水溶液中的光解均符合一级动力学方程。在初始质量浓度为5~40 mg/L范围内,其光解速率随初始质量浓度的增大而降低;在不同光源条件下,其光解速率从大到小依次是:500 W高压汞灯18 W紫外灯500 W氙灯;在pH值为5~9的缓冲溶液中,其光解半衰期随pH值的升高而降低,pH为9时的光解半衰期最短,为4.81 h;在5~65℃范围内,其光解速率随温度升高呈先升高后降低趋势,于15℃时达到最大值。研究表明,东莨菪内酯在水溶液中的光解与其初始质量浓度、光源、pH值和温度相关。所得结果可为其环境风险评价提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
为明确安徽省稻田杂草千金子Leptochloa chinensis对氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的抗性,从安徽省12个市38个县(市、区)稻区千金子发生较严重的田块中共采集72个千金子种群,采用整株生物测定法检测其对氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的抗性,筛选同时对噁唑酰草胺和氰氟草酯有疑似抗性的千金子种群并测定其对这2种药剂的抗性水平,同时利用分子生物学技术检测千金子高抗种群的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACCase)基因是否发生抗性位点氨基酸突变。结果显示,在72个千金子种群中,13个千金子种群已对氰氟草酯产生抗性,5个千金子种群已对噁唑酰草胺产生抗性;AH-1、AH-3、AH-7、AH-34和AH-72这5个千金子种群同时高抗氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺,其中对氰氟草酯的抗性指数介于21.98~65.52之间,对噁唑酰草胺的抗性指数介于11.76~27.19之间;这5个种群的ACCase基因片段均在2 027位点发生氨基酸突变,色氨酸突变为半胱氨酸;此外AH-3和AH-72这2个种群在1 999位点也由色氨酸突变为半胱氨酸,表明安徽省千金子已经对氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺产生交...  相似文献   

16.
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for cyhalofop-butyl was developed with a polyclonal antibody produced against a hapten (cyhalofop acid) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The ELISA of cyhalofop-butyl showed an IC50 value of 0.067 ± 0.004 mg/l and the limit of detection (LOD, IC10) of 0.0029 ± 0.0001 mg/l at the optimal conditions. No significant cross-reaction to other structure-related compounds suggested high specificity for cyhalofop-butyl of the method. The average recoveries of cyhalofop-butyl from fortified water and soil were in the range of 83.2-119.7% and 80.1-104.0%, respectively. These data indicate that this method is a convenient analytical technique for monitoring cyhalofop-butyl in water and soil without purification steps.  相似文献   

17.
噻呋酰胺的光解和水解特性研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了明确噻呋酰胺的环境行为规律,采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了噻呋酰胺在不同条件下的光解和水解特性。结果表明:紫外灯照射下,噻呋酰胺在碱性条件下光解速率大于中性和酸性条件下的;不同溶剂中,噻呋酰胺的光降解速率依次为正己烷 >乙腈 >甲醇 >乙酸乙酯 >超纯水;三价铁离子、二价铁离子以及腐殖酸均能抑制噻呋酰胺的光降解。中性条件下,噻呋酰胺水解速率最快,同时,噻呋酰胺的水解受温度影响,温度越高,水解速率越快,平均温度效应系数1.39~2.23;表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)均可抑制噻呋酰胺在水中的降解。  相似文献   

18.
Hydrolysis and photolysis of flumioxazin in aqueous buffer solutions   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
To determine the degradation rates and degradation products of the herbicide flumioxazin in aqueous buffer solutions (pH 5, 7 and 9), its hydrolysis and photolysis were investigated at 30 degrees C in the dark, and in a growth chamber fitted with fluorescent lamps simulating the UV output of sunlight. The rate of hydrolysis of flumioxazin was accelerated by increasing pH. The t(1/2) values at pH 5, 7 and 9 were 16.4, 9.1 and 0.25 h, respectively. Two degradation products were detected and their structural assignments were made on the basis of LC-MS data. Degradation product I was detected in all buffer solutions while degradation product II was detected in acidic buffer only. Both degradation products appeared to be stable to further hydrolysis. After correcting for the effects of hydrolysis, the photolytic degradation rate also increased as a function of pH and was approximately 10 times higher at pH 7 than that at pH 5, showing t(1/2) values of 4.9 and 41.5 h, respectively. Degradation products formed by photolysis were the same as those formed by hydrolysis. Flumioxazin was degraded more extensively at high pH and should degrade in surface water.  相似文献   

19.
Photolysis on soil surfaces of the organophosphorus insecticides diazinon, methidathion and profenofos was studied under artificial sunlight conditions. All three compounds were readily degraded under the conditions used. The rate of degradation decreased in the order diazinon, profenofos, methidathion and was always greater in moist than in dry soil. The same order of stability was also observed from photolysis studies in aqueous solution. The major photolysis products identified were 2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol from diazinon, 5-methoxy-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one from methidathion and 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol and 4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl ethyl hydrogen phosphate from profenofos. The same compounds were formed in hydrolysis studies and also upon photodecomposition in aqueous solutions of diazinon and methidathion. Profenofos, however, showed a different photolytic reaction in aqueous systems, forming O-(2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate. Soil photolysis studies together with hydrolysis experiments could be a useful quick method for obtaining early information on the chemical breakdown products which are to be expected in the soil environment.  相似文献   

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