共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
近来 ,有些谈论农药使用的文章中提到农药混用要注意酸碱性。这话不错 ,但没有概括农药混用的全部问题。农药混用主要是指两种液用农药制剂配到一起 ,成为一种药液喷雾施用。合理的农药混用 ,可以扩大使用范围或者兼治几种有害生物 ,可以提高工效。有的混用甚至可以增加药效并减轻抗药性、药害等农药的副作用。例如 ,农作物病害、虫害同时发生 ,可混用杀菌剂、杀虫剂 ,别的好处不说 ,起码可以少打一次药。当然 ,这里同时发生的有害生物防治适期要相互重叠。水稻孕穗至抽穗期是稻飞虱与稻纹枯病发生盛期 ,可用马拉硫磷乳油与井冈霉素水剂混用… 相似文献
2.
农药的混合使用,目前在病虫害化学防治上很为重要。某些农药混用可以病虫兼治、或兼治几种害虫,收效大,节省劳力,还可以防止单一用某种药剂,引起害虫再猖獗或抗药性品系的形成。 但在药剂混用的增效问题上,还存在一些含混不清的现象,有的没有单用效果的对比;有的是在单用浓度或药量的基础上另加其它药剂,虽然药效增加了,但并不能表明这就是有增效作用。增效作用应该是二种药剂单独使用的毒效总和小于混用时的毒效,所以在研究药剂混用增效问题时,应该在混合总药量与单用药量一致的情况下进行,否则不能表明混合是否有“增效作用”。 本文以晋中地区苹果天社蛾(Phalera flav- 相似文献
3.
4.
笔者下乡 ,经常见到一些农民把两种或几种农药混配一起喷施。问其原因 ,一是多种药混配可起到兼治作用 ,减少施药次数。二是想提高防治效果 ,一种药把虫子或病打不下去 ,几种药混起来可能就会好些。其依据是这种农药使用说明中有“可与多种其他农药混用”字样。笔者也多次看到 ,一些农民还把含有同一有效成分的复配制剂或不同商品名称的同一种药剂混用 ,令人啼笑皆非。为什么会出现这种情况 ?观现在的农药品种 ,可谓极多。有多种多样不同有效成分的复配制剂 ;还有同一有效成分 ,而众多生产厂家叫不同商品名称的。特别是杀虫剂 ,有机磷和菊酯… 相似文献
5.
为明确新选育和引进的糯高粱种质资源对川南高粱丝黑穗病菌主要生理小种的抗性,利用4个高粱鉴别寄主分别对2013年和2014年自川南泸州、宜宾、自贡3市高粱上采集的丝黑穗病菌Sporisorium reilianum进行生理小种鉴定,并于2014—2018年对新选育和引进的55份不育系、88份恢复系和20份常规品种糯高粱种植资源进行丝黑穗病抗性鉴定。结果表明,川南3市采集的高粱丝黑穗病菌生理小种均为1号生理小种。不育系糯高粱种植资源对丝黑穗病菌1号生理小种抗性较强,对丝黑穗病免疫材料有45份,87.3%不育系糯高粱种植资源为抗性材料。恢复系糯高粱种质资源抗丝黑穗病菌1号小种的能力弱于不育系,对丝黑穗病表现为免疫、高抗、抗病、中抗的种质资源分别为32、1、2和5份,抗病恢复系糯高粱种质资源占恢复系糯高粱种质资源总数的45.5%。糯高粱种质资源常规品种对丝黑穗病菌1号小种的抗性最差,抗病糯高粱种质资源常规品种占常规品种总数的45.0%,其中对丝黑穗病免疫的糯高粱种质资源常规品种仅有1份,为国窖红3号;对丝黑穗病高抗和抗病的糯高粱种质资源常规品种无,主要表现为中抗,应加强川南地区糯高粱常规品种的丝黑穗病抗性改良。鉴定的对丝黑穗病免疫的糯高粱不育系、恢复系和常规品种可作为川南高粱丝黑穗病病区主栽品种或抗丝黑穗病菌1号生理小种的育种材料。 相似文献
6.
本试验用大袋蛾杆状病毒病制剂单独或与苏云金杆菌制剂混用,防治大袋蛾幼虫,兼治刺蛾幼虫。其效果相当于化学杀虫剂,有应用前途。 相似文献
7.
8.
有读者来问：烟嘧磺隆（玉农乐）可与2,4-滴丁酯、2甲4氯混用吗？如果可以混用,混用哪种药对玉米更安全？目前国内登记的只有烟嘧磺隆与2,4-滴丁酯的混配剂,没有烟嘧磺隆与2甲4氯的混配剂。 相似文献
9.
10.
酿酒高粱品种、组合及亲本的丝黑穗病抗性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确不同类型的酿酒高粱材料对西南地区丝黑穗病的抗性和促进抗丝黑穗病品种的选育,采用土壤接菌法对107份材料进行了丝黑穗病抗性鉴定;根据抗性鉴定结果,比较了酿酒高粱杂交组合与其亲本对丝黑穗病的抗性,并对供试菌种进行了致病力分析.结果显示:在感病对照恢1植株平均病株率为67.65％时,有13个不育系、6个保持系、10个恢复系、28个杂交组合的病株率为0,达免疫水平,其中,酿酒高粱不育系和杂交组合所占比例较大,分别为86.67％和75.68％;恢复系中免疫类型所占比例较小,为24.39％;常规品种和组合中无免疫类型;杂交高粱对丝黑穗病的抗性属显性遗传;泸州丝黑穗病菌具有较强的致病力. 相似文献
11.
Y. PARLAK 《EPPO Bulletin》1981,11(2):83-86
The important seed-borne diseases of wheat in Turkey are common bunt ( Tilletia caries and T. foetida ), loose smut ( Ustilago nuda tritici ), dwarf bunt ( T. contraversa ) and flag smut ( Urocystis tritici ). Seed treatment against common bunt is widely used in Turkey. The damage is about 10–15 %, sometimes 90 % in some fields where seeds are sown without treatment. About 10 % of wheat fields were infected with bunt during 1972–1974. Seed treatment with carboxin (Vitavax) is recommended against loose smut of wheat in Turkey, but has not yet been used. Some wheat varieties, especially Siirak (1593/51) wheat, are highly susceptible to loose smut. The proportion of smut-infected heads reached 30–40 % in this variety and about 32 % of wheat fields were infected with loose smut during 1972–1974. The damage was about 6 % in infected fields. Yield losses were at least 35,000 tons. Dwarf bunt is distributed at high altitude (1300–2000 m) in eastern Turkey; 2500 ha of wheat fields are infected with dwarf bunt. The disease causes 1–80 % losses in some fields. The wheat variety Yayla 305 is recommended for infected areas. Flag smut is present in some areas of Turkey, but yield losses are not important. Seed treatment is effective against seed-borne spores. 相似文献
12.
Optimal application timing of simeconazole granules for control of rice kernel smut and false smut 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mikio Tsuda Masashi Sasahara Toshiaki Ohara Shigehiro Kato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):301-304
We investigated the optimal timing of simeconazole (RS-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilylpropan-2-ol) application for controlling rice kernel smut in field trials in Miyagi Prefecture,
Japan, using formulations of simeconazole (1.5% granules). The field tests revealed that a submerged application of simeconazole
granules (450–600 g ai/ha) at 1–5 weeks before heading was highly effective against kernel smut, with treatments 1–2 weeks
before heading being the most effective. Submerged application of the fungicide at 2–5 weeks before heading was also highly
effective against false smut, with treatment 3 weeks before heading being the most effective. These periods overlap the timing
for optimal application of simeconazole to control rice sheath blight and ear blight. Consequently, we concluded that treatment
with simeconazole 2–3 weeks before heading can be a useful tool for controlling all four diseases. 相似文献
13.
14.
Karl-Josef Mueller 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(2):145-153
Forty-two registered spring barley cultivars from the German official list were tested under natural infection conditions for susceptibility to loose smut (Ustilago tritici f.sp. hordei) during two test cycles at two locations. Only cv. Steffi was found to be resistant to the local loose smut population. Cultivar Sigrid showed lowest susceptibility because of flowering inside the leaf sheath. Less than 1% infection at all sites showed up in cvs Auriga, Jacinta and Hendrix. Twenty-one cultivars had an infection rate of less than 2%. Cultivar Danuta displayed the highest susceptibility with an average of 12.6%. Another 23 spring barley accessions with expected loose smut resistance were inoculated artificially with loose smut populations obtained from 11 locations in Germany and neighbouring countries. Only Jet with the resistance Un3/6, CDC Freedom with Un8, CIho9973 with quantitative resistance, as well as Lino and GangTuoQuingKeHao1 remained disease-free. In addition to these, another eight accessions in this test group are recommended to become part of a differential tester set to distinguish origins of loose smut. Statistical analysis showed that for scoring of cultivars more importance has to be given to the number of locations for infestation than to the number of test locations to determine the degree of attack. In view of the existing inspection limits for production of certified seed in European countries, the currently registered German barley cultivars put organic seed producers and breeders at high risk in respect to loose smut infection, if the number of generations for multiplication under organic farming increases. 相似文献
15.
水稻稻粒黑粉病主要为害水稻不育系,是限制我国南方杂交水稻制繁种产量和质量的主要病害因素。为挖掘抗稻粒黑粉病的水稻不育系品种,提供具有抗稻粒黑粉病育种价值的水稻不育系材料,本研究于2014-2016年,采用田间接种稻粒黑粉病菌的方法,对四川、湖北、福建的78个水稻不育系品种进行了稻粒黑粉病菌抽穗期抗性评价。连续3年接种稻粒黑粉病菌试验表明,共有4个水稻不育系品种对稻粒黑粉病表现中抗及以上抗性,大部分为感病品种,其中4766A接种稻粒黑粉病菌后未发病,对稻粒黑粉病表现稳定高抗,为我国首次报道的高抗稻粒黑粉病水稻品种。 相似文献
16.
稻粒黑粉病(Rice kernel smut)是一种真菌病害。在离体条件下,采用孢子萌发测定法,测定了嘧菌酯、灭菌唑、拌种灵、多菌灵、咪酰胺和二硫氰基甲烷抑制稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子萌发的最低抑制浓度(MIC);同时研究了药剂浸种处理对稻种的安全性以及浸种处理效果。结果表明,嘧菌酯和二硫氰基甲烷对稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子萌发的抑制活性较高,MIC为0.4μg/mL,多菌灵的抑制活性次之,MIC为0.8μg/mL,其他3种药剂的抑制活性不高,MIC均大于1.6μg/mL。种子安全性试验表明,嘧菌酯在2.0、4.0、8.0μg/mL和多菌灵在4.0、8.0、16.0μg/mL处理3d和7d后,稻种的萌芽率与对照相比无显著性差异;而二硫氰基甲烷在4.0和8.0μg/mL处理下,所选稻种的萌芽率显著低于对照,说明该药剂在浸种处理后会影响所选稻种的萌芽,但其在低剂量处理下对稻种的萌芽率影响较小。关于稻粒黑粉病浸种处理的合适农药剂型仍需要进一步研究。 相似文献
17.
在相同条件下，从稻田直接收集的病粒中的稻粒黑粉病菌厚垣孢子不能萌发，而取之于仓库中的孢子能萌发。为探明其制约因素，对该病菌进行了光照和浸水时间试验。研究结果表明：稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子形成后，必须经光照射后，方可进入休眠期；度过5～6个月休眠期的冬孢子，必须浸水48h以上才开始复苏；复苏后的冬孢子必须在光照条件下才能萌发。未完成后熟作用的冬孢子和完成后熟但尚未复苏的冬孢子即使在光照条件下也不能萌发。即稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子必须经历后熟、休眠、复苏三个阶段后，在适宜的光照与温湿条件下，方可萌发。光照对其冬孢子具有双重作用，促使后熟进入休眠和刺激萌发。 相似文献
18.
Jan Wunderle Andreas Leclerque Ulrich Schaffrath Alan Slusarenko Eckhard Koch 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(4):865-875
Loose smut fungi of barley and wheat (Ustilago nuda and U. tritici, respectively) colonize the plant without causing obvious disease symptoms before heading. The availability of diagnostic methods to detect and follow the growth of these pathogens in the plant would therefore be highly advantageous for both resistance breeding and the development of effective seed treatments. Using seed lots of barley and wheat highly infected with loose smut, we studied the early establishment of the loose smut pathogens in the plant by fluorescence microscopy. In hand-cut sections stained with the fluorochrome Blankophor?, fungal hyphae were observed to invade the shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia during the first days after the onset of germination. At the first node stage the ear and leaf primordia were generally extensively colonized. Hyphae of U. nuda were also regularly observed in high density in the nodes. A protocol was developed for the specific amplification of U. nuda and U. tritici DNA extracted from infected plant tissue. PCR screening of U nuda in seedlings from infected and healthy seed lots was compared to ELISA, microscopy and ultimately head infection of mature plants derived from tillers of the tested seedlings. The results indicated that a prediction of loose smut infection by real-time PCR is possible at the second leaf stage, and that the assay is equally suited for use with spring and winter varieties of barley and wheat. 相似文献
19.
20.
Peter Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(7):729-732
Foliar application of a number of broad-spectrum systemic fungicides (particularly conazole fungicides) to loose smut-infected plants of wheat and barley in a 3-spray programme resulted in a marked reduction in the percentage of plants producing infected ears. Such foliar fungicides may have a previously unseen role in reducing the levels of loose smut infection in wheat and barley. 相似文献