共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Reduced insulin-like signaling extends the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Here, we show that, in mice, less insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) signaling throughout the body or just in the brain extended life span up to 18%. At 22 months of age, brain-specific Irs2 knockout mice were overweight, hyperinsulinemic, and glucose intolerant; however, compared with control mice, they were more active and displayed greater glucose oxidation, and during meals they displayed stable superoxide dismutase-2 concentrations in the hypothalamus. Thus, less Irs2 signaling in aging brains can promote healthy metabolism, attenuate meal-induced oxidative stress, and extend the life span of overweight and insulin-resistant mice. 相似文献
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A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tatar M Kopelman A Epstein D Tu MP Yin CM Garofalo RS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5514):107-110
The Drosophila melanogaster gene insulin-like receptor (InR) is homologous to mammalian insulin receptors as well as to Caenorhabditis elegans daf-2, a signal transducer regulating worm dauer formation and adult longevity. We describe a heteroallelic, hypomorphic genotype of mutant InR, which yields dwarf females with up to an 85% extension of adult longevity and dwarf males with reduced late age-specific mortality. Treatment of the long-lived InR dwarfs with a juvenile hormone analog restores life expectancy toward that of wild-type controls. We conclude that juvenile hormone deficiency, which results from InR signal pathway mutation, is sufficient to extend life-span, and that in flies, insulin-like ligands nonautonomously mediate aging through retardation of growth or activation of specific endocrine tissue. 相似文献
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Shingo T Gregg C Enwere E Fujikawa H Hassam R Geary C Cross JC Weiss S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5603):117-120
Neurogenesis occurs in the olfactory system of the adult brain throughout life, in both invertebrates and vertebrates, but its physiological regulation is not understood. We show that the production of neuronal progenitors is stimulated in the forebrain subventricular zone of female mice during pregnancy and that this effect is mediated by the hormone prolactin. The progenitors then migrate to produce new olfactory interneurons, a process likely to be important for maternal behavior, because olfactory discrimination is critical for recognition and rearing of offspring. Neurogenesis occurs even in females that mate with sterile males. These findings imply that forebrain olfactory neurogenesis may contribute to adaptive behaviors in mating and pregnancy. 相似文献
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Different modalities of sensation interact in a synergistic or antagonistic manner during sensory perception, but whether there is also interaction during memory acquisition is largely unknown. In Drosophila reinforcement learning, we found that conditioning with concurrent visual and olfactory cues reduced the threshold for unimodal memory retrieval. Furthermore, bimodal preconditioning followed by unimodal conditioning with either a visual or olfactory cue led to crossmodal memory transfer. Crossmodal memory acquisition in Drosophila may contribute significantly to learning in a natural environment. 相似文献
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Adult Drosophila melanogaster have previously been conditioned with shock to avoid various odors. In these experiments, larvae also sensed airborne odorants, responded to electric shock, and learned. Larval behavior paralleled adult behavior for (i) a mutant, smellblind, which failed to respond to odorants; (ii) three mutants, dunce, turnip, and cabbage, which were deficient in olfactory learning ability; and (iii) a mutant heterozygote, turnip/+, which learned but also forgot rapidly. 相似文献
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海带多糖的抗衰老作用及其机理的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)作为试验动物,探讨了海带多糖(Laminaria japonicapolysaccharide,LJP)延缓衰老的作用及其机理。试验将未交配的果蝇雌雄分开并随机分成4组,每组100只,用含不同浓度海带多糖的培养基喂养,培养基中所含海带多糖的浓度分别为0(对照组)、0.25%、0.50%、1.00%。用果蝇寿命试验检测其抗衰老作用,分别使用邻苯三酚自氧化法、钼酸铵比色法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定果蝇体内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。利用统计学软件SAS v6.12对试验数据进行分析。结果表明:培养基中添加海带多糖能延长果蝇平均寿命,寿命延长的百分率与喂食果蝇的海带多糖浓度有一定的量效关系,培养基中海带多糖浓度为0.25%、0.50%、1.00%时,与对照组相比,雌果蝇寿命延长百分率分别为5.20%、6.20%、9.20%,雄果蝇寿命延长百分率分别为4.60%、5.00%、6.00%;饲喂海带多糖后果蝇体内的SOD、CAT活性提高,与对照组相比,海带多糖添加量为0.50%和1.00%时,雌性果蝇SOD、CAT活性提高量达到显著水平(P<0.05),MDA降低量达到显著水平(P<0.05);海带多糖添加量为1.00%时,雄性果蝇SOD与CAT活性提高量达到显著水平(P<0.05),MDA含量降低。提示提高生物体内抗氧化酶活力,降低衰老物质前体的含量可能是海带多糖抗衰老的途径之一。 相似文献
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Mortality rates typically increase rapidly at the onset of aging but can decelerate at later ages. Reproduction increases the death rate in many organisms. To test the idea that a delayed impact of earlier reproduction contributes to both an increase in death rates and a later deceleration in mortality, the timing of the surplus mortality produced by an increased level of egg production was measured in female Drosophila. Reproduction produced a delayed wave of mortality, coincident with the sharp increase in death rates at the onset of aging and the subsequent deceleration of mortality. These results suggest that aging has evolved primarily because of the damaging effects of reproduction earlier in life, rather than because of mutations that have detrimental effects only at late ages. 相似文献
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Age-dependent changes in proteins of Drosophila melanogaster 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J E Fleming E Quattrocki G Latter J Miquel R Marcuson E Zuckerkandl K G Bensch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,231(4742):1157-1159
Several molecular theories of aging postulate that there are age-dependent changes in gene expression and that these changes contribute to the reduction in the viability of senescent cells. High-resolution, semiautomated, quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of many soluble proteins was used to test this hypothesis in Drosophila. Two-dimensional protein gel patterns were analyzed for each of three age groups of [(35)S]methionine-labeled adult male Drosophila melanogaster, which, except for their spermatocytes, consist entirely of fixed postmitotic cells. Seven relatively abundant polypeptides expressed in middle-aged (28-day-old) flies were absent in both young(10-day-old) and old (44-day-old) flies. Quantitative analyses of an additional 100 polypeptides were carried out by computer-assisted microdensitometry of fluorograms of the gel preparations. These analyses revealed a significant age-related heterogeneity in the quantitative distribution of radiolabel in these proteins. The data indicate that the qualitative pattern of gene expression is identical in young and old flies, but that profound quantitative changes occur in the expression of proteins during the Drosophila life-span. 相似文献
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DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the world's most widely used topical insect repellent, with broad effectiveness against most insects. Its mechanism of action and molecular target remain unknown. Here, we show that DEET blocks electrophysiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons to attractive odors in Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. DEET inhibits behavioral attraction to food odors in Drosophila, and this inhibition requires the highly conserved olfactory co-receptor OR83b. DEET inhibits odor-evoked currents mediated by the insect odorant receptor complex, comprising a ligand-binding subunit and OR83b. We conclude that DEET masks host odor by inhibiting subsets of heteromeric insect odorant receptors that require the OR83b co-receptor. The identification of candidate molecular targets for the action of DEET may aid in the design of safer and more effective insect repellents. 相似文献
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Circadian clocks are influenced by social interactions in a variety of species, but little is known about the sensory mechanisms underlying these effects. We investigated whether social cues could reset circadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster by addressing two questions: Is there a social influence on circadian timing? If so, then how is that influence communicated? The experiments show that in a social context Drosophila transmit and receive cues that influence circadian time and that these cues are likely olfactory. 相似文献
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Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Clancy DJ Gems D Harshman LG Oldham S Stocker H Hafen E Leevers SJ Partridge L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5514):104-106
The Drosophila melanogaster gene chico encodes an insulin receptor substrate that functions in an insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, insulin/IGF signaling regulates adult longevity. We found that mutation of chico extends fruit fly median life-span by up to 48% in homozygotes and 36% in heterozygotes. Extension of life-span was not a result of impaired oogenesis in chico females, nor was it consistently correlated with increased stress resistance. The dwarf phenotype of chico homozygotes was also unnecessary for extension of life-span. The role of insulin/IGF signaling in regulating animal aging is therefore evolutionarily conserved. 相似文献
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[目的]为甜菜夜蛾的物理防治提供一种新方法。[方法]对成虫期的甜菜夜蛾夜间分别进行黄光处理、白光处理和黑暗处理,探讨不同光处理对甜菜夜蛾的成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。[结果]夜间不同光处理对甜菜夜蛾的成虫寿命和产卵量有显著影响。与无光照相比,夜间光照使甜菜夜蛾成虫的寿命有显著提高,产卵量有较大幅度的减少,但对幼虫历期、蛹历期及蛹重无显著影响。夜间黄光处理和白光处理相比成虫寿命较短,产卵高峰期相对集中,卵的孵化率较高,其他指标差异均达不到显著水平。[结论]光照条件改变可以可以影响昆虫的生长发育。 相似文献
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During Drosophila metamorphosis, most larval cells die. Pupal and adult tissues form from imaginal cells, tissue-specific progenitors allocated in embryogenesis that remain quiescent during embryonic and larval life. Clonal analysis and fate mapping of single, identified cells show that tracheal system remodeling at metamorphosis involves a classical imaginal cell population and a population of differentiated, functional larval tracheal cells that reenter the cell cycle and regain developmental potency. In late larvae, both populations are activated and proliferate, spread over and replace old branches, and diversify into various stalk and coiled tracheolar cells under control of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Thus, Drosophila pupal/adult tissue progenitors can arise both by early allocation of multipotent cells and late return of differentiated cells to a multipotent state, even within a single tissue. 相似文献
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The aging of organisms is characterized by a gradual functional decline of all organ systems. Mammalian somatic cells in culture display a limited proliferative life span, at the end of which they undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest known as replicative senescence. Whether cellular senescence contributes to organismal aging has been controversial. We investigated telomere dysfunction, a recently discovered biomarker of cellular senescence, and found that the number of senescent fibroblasts increases exponentially in the skin of aging baboons, reaching >15% of all cells in very old individuals. In addition, the same cells contain activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase and heterochromatinized nuclei, confirming their senescent status. 相似文献
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2个新的鳞翅目OR83b类化感蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
【目的】分离和克隆昆虫触角中一类非常保守的嗅觉受体蛋白基因全序列。【方法】采用简并引物反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆基因,用生物信息学方法对获得的cDNA全序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行分析。【结果】从甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hübner)和斜纹夜蛾[Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)]雄蛾触角中扩增得到2个分别为1906bp和2483bp的OR83类化感蛋白基因的cDNA,开放阅读框(ORF)编码473个氨基酸,命名为SexiOR2和SlitOR2。通过在GenBank中进行序列的同源性比较,发现这2个鳞翅目化感蛋白新序列与已知蛾类昆虫的OR83b类化感蛋白氨基酸序列具较高的同源性。【结论】明确了所获得的2个鳞翅目蛋白新序列属于OR83b类化感蛋白。 相似文献