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1.
Ali I. Mohamed Ahmed S. Hussein 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,45(1):1-9
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), grown under greenhouse conditions, was harvested at three growth stages and analyzed for total solids, total protein, ash, soluble carbohydrate, and fructose/fructane in whole plants, leaves, stems, and roots. Significant increases were observed in total solids and protein during plant maturation. Leaves had the highest amount of protein in the third growth stage (44.25g/100g dry matter). Roots showed a decline in protein level as the plant aged. Soluble carbohydrate was significantly higher in growth states 1 and 3. Significant variation among growth stages was found with regard to total phosphorous, calcium, potassium, iron, managanese, and copper. Total phosphorus (P) content in leaves was significantly higher than P found in stems and roots. Iron (Fe) content varied significantly among growth stages, and roots and leaves had the highest Fe content (121.47 and 33.21 mg, respectively). Significant accumulation of managanese (Mn) was found in different growth stages. Leaves and roots had significantly higher Mn content than stems. 相似文献
2.
Summary Protein banding patterns of 119 lines (85 Japanese potato lines and introductions, 22 dihaploids, 1 wild source (Solanum bulbocastanum Dun.), 10 transformants and 1 somaclonal variant) were compared by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE). Microtubers formed in vitro were used as the source of plant materials. There were more than 15 bands in the 35–20
kDa molecular weight range and less than 10 bands in the 65–40 kDa range. The bands in the 65–40 kDa range which corresponded
to the potato tuber storage protein patatin were focussed to about 40 kDa after heat treatment. The results indicate a distinct
difference in the banding patterns among potato lines. 相似文献
3.
大豆种间的同工酶比较分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
比较了栽培、半野生、野生大豆4种同工酶的表现,初步认为:1.3个大豆种的过氧化物酶同工酶叠加酶带共有25条,其中7条为共有的基本酶带,其余酶带的出现频率和活性,因种不同而存在差异。2.有7条过氧化物酶同工酶酶带在野生大豆中不出现,而在另两个种以一定的频率出现,尤其是其中4条酶带的出现频率,随进化程度的提高而呈递增趋势。3.ATP酶、苹果酸酶及过氧化氢酶同工酶都呈现种间差异。尤其是ATP酶,不仅酶带清晰、带次分明,而且种间易于区别。因此,除了过氧化物酶同工酶外,还可在幼苗期用根、幼茎和子叶作材料,以3条ATP酶同工酶酶带AP—11、AP—12及AP—13来反映进化程度不同的3个大豆种之间的差异。 相似文献
4.
做青强度对做青叶蛋白质组成、多酚氧化酶和酯酶同工酶谱的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以武夷肉桂品种鲜叶为原料,通过3种做青强度,对乌龙茶做青过程中做青叶内蛋白质及其SDS-PAGE、多酚氧化酶及其同工酶和酯酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明,在做青过程中可溶性蛋白质含量及其各可溶性蛋白组分均呈下降趋势,且随做青强度增大而加快;而多酚氧化酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势,做青强度增加对多酚氧化酶有抑制作用;同工酶谱显示做青处理及萎凋处理均能促进多酚氧化酶E2同工酶活性的增强。酯酶同工酶各谱带活性在做青过程中活性均较强。文中对多酚氧化酶和多酚类物质与乌龙茶品质形成的关系进行了讨论,作者提出可以不导致做青叶细胞质膜通透性急剧增大,引起多酚类物质显著下降作为乌龙茶做青适度的生化指标之一。 相似文献
5.
Summary The relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and tuber initiation in potato was determined by monitoring changes in the
amount of starch and sugars along with the activities of sugar metabolizing enzymes upon transfer of plants to tuber-inducing
conditions (TI; short days, cold nights) from non-inducing conditions (NTI: long days, warm nights). Switch to TI conditions
caused an immediate slow-down in plant growth and triggered swelling of stolon tips, which went on to develop into tubers.
Leaves of plants moved to TI conditions accumulated less starch and sugar while their stolon tips showed a sudden upsurge
in starch content and a sharp decline in sugars even before any tip swelling was detectable. These changes were paralleled
by a transient surge in the activity of cell wall invertase (74%) and soluble invertase (30%) in stolon tips of plants transferred
to TI conditions in two unrelated cultivars under different experimental conditions. As the surge in invertase activity faded,
it was replaced by a substantial increase in sucrose synthase activity as the tuber enlargement proceeded. The transient increase
in invertase activity just prior to tuber initiation appears to mark a turning point in the transition of stolon tip to tuber. 相似文献
6.
S. El-Gengaihi K. A. Turkey A. S. Shalaby N. A. Ibrahim 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,47(3):239-244
Moghat plants,Glossostemon bruguieri, Desf., received three levels of both N and K fertilizers, either alone or in combination, with a basic dose of P for all the treatments. The results with one and two year old plants revealed the importance of potassium for higher yield of roots, reflected in greater length and diameter. The lower level K1 was enough to attain that goal and the N1K1 treatment was the best in this regard. On the other hand, N fertilization rather favoured the vegetative growth and seed yield. Both N and K fertilization decreased the mucilage content of the roots, but increased their fat content. The root yield after two years increased by 72% compared with one year old plants. That increment was rather dependent on the root diameter than its elongation. The mucilage content was doubled, while the fat content decreased. 相似文献
7.
蛋白质和糖是实蝇生长发育过程中2个重要的营养源,研究不同营养条件对实蝇实验种群的生殖力及生命表的影响。生殖力的研究结果表明：不同营养条件下,种群产卵量差异显著（p<0.05）,当蛋白质 ∶ 糖为1 ∶ 3时,种群产卵量大,10 d的产卵总量为1.61 mL。种群生命表的研究结果表明：22日龄前,取食蛋白饵剂的实验种群前期的存活数量和生命期望高于取食糖的种群,但在产卵后15 d,种群死亡速度迅速增加,25~28日龄间死亡数量高达76头;相反,虽然取食糖的种群的前期死亡数量较多,但死亡过程总体上较为平缓。两组同生群的存活曲线均呈凸型,在22日龄前相对平坦,22~40日龄间迅速下降,40日龄后减缓,两组种群中个体的最长存活时间分别为49和52 d。此结果为探讨蛋白饵剂的作用机理提供理论指导。 相似文献
8.
N. Ibrahim W. El-Eraky S. El-Gengaihi A. S. Shalaby 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(1):55-61
The powdered roots of moghat (Glossostemon bruguieri) have been traditionally used in Eastern countries for their nutritive and therapeutic value. However, the biological effects
of the plant constituents have not been proved on the basis of scientific research. The present study aimed to evaluate the
content and composition of proteins and mucilages of the roots and seeds of moghat, as well as the hypoglycemic effect of
the mucilages. The crude protein constituted 19.5% of the seeds, while it made up 4.5% of the peeled dried roots ofGlossostemon bruguieri (Moghat). Glutamic acid, proline, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine and arginine were abundant in the protein of both plant
parts; 72 and 83%, respectively. Valine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were detected only in seed protein. Molecular weights
of the seed proteins were 50 000, 45 000 and 22 000. Moghat seeds contained 5.0% mucilage, while 15.75% and 29.60% were recorded
in roots of one- and two-year-old plants, respectively. GLC investigation showed that both these plant parts contained rhamnose,
xylose, mannose and galacturonic acid. Arabinose (1.8%) and glucuronic acid (14.6%) were present only in the seeds, while
galactose constituted 33.7 to 34.5% of the root mucilage. Age of the roots was reflected in quantitative differences rather
than qualitative ones. The root mucilages had remarkable hypoglycemic activity, decreasing the blood glucose level in diabetic
rats by 54.5% within 15 days. Accordingly, moghat roots should be investigated as potential medical and nutritive food. 相似文献
9.
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages, and changes in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants, and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants, which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N, K, Si, free sugar and soluble protein contents, which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N, Si, free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding, thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper. 相似文献
10.
小麦生育后期主茎和分蘖次生根对籽粒产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为通过根系调控提高小麦产量和改善品质,以弱春性优质强筋小麦品种郑麦9023为材料,研究了生育后期主茎次生根和分蘖次生根对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,小麦分蘖次生根根系活力与根中全氮含量显著高于主茎次生根,而根中可溶性糖含量则低于主茎次生根。随着生育进程的推进,分蘖次生根与主茎次生根间的差异逐渐减小。分蘖次生根对单株成穗数、千粒重及单株产量的贡献大于主茎次生根,而对穗粒数的贡献则显著小于主茎次生根。与对照（维持完整根系）相比,只留主茎次生根处理和只留分蘖次生根处理的籽粒直链淀粉含量与直/支比例显著提高,而蛋白质含量显著下降。因此,生产实践中可以通过调节分蘖次生根与主茎次生根的比例及生理特性来提高籽粒产量和改善品质。 相似文献
11.
12.
大豆叶片过氧化物酶及其同工酶的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
不同生育期大豆叶片过氧化物酶活性和同工酶谱存在着明显的品种间差异。新品种较老品种过氧化物酶活力高比活较低;高蛋白与低蛋白品种相比,高蛋白品种过氧化物酶活力较高,比活较低;结荚期,随植株节位降低,叶片过氧化物酶比活、活力和同工酶活性均呈增强趋势,但最下部老叶过氧化物酶活力和同工酶活性降低;未展开叶较展开叶的过氧化物酶同工酶谱阳极区酶活性所占比例较大;中部书位叶片酶谱清晰,条带数多,适于品种间比较。 相似文献
13.
为探究小麦对花后高温的生理响应,以黄淮海地区的16个小麦品种为材料,测定灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,分析千粒重和产量的变化,并比较品种灌浆后期抗高温能力的差异。结果表明,高温处理7d后小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和SOD活性均高于田间自然生长小麦(对照),而MDA含量则低于对照;高温处理15d后小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、MDA含量和SOD活性较对照明显升高,而可溶性糖含量则下降。高温处理后各品种千粒重和产量均降低,豫麦49-198和郑麦366产量显著降低。相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析结果表明,济麦22和石麦19灌浆期耐热性均较高;旗叶可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和籽粒千粒重3项指标可作为小麦耐热性评价指标。 相似文献
14.
灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的生理机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以抗感大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种品种灰皮支黑豆(ZDD2315)和辽豆15为材料,室内人工接种大豆胞囊线虫,接种后5、10、15、20、25、30 d取样,测定抗感品种接种与未接种根内丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的动态变化,初步明确灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的生理机制.结果表明:大豆受大豆胞囊线虫侵染后,抗病品种灰皮支黑豆根内丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量低于感病品种辽豆15,而可溶性蛋白含量高于感病品种辽豆15. 相似文献
15.
Summary Foliar sprays of calonyctin, a natural plant growth regulator extracted from the leaves ofCalonyction aculeatum (L.) House, at a concentration 0.05 activity units, increased the tuber yield of six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by 7–19% (mean 15%) during 1993 and 1994. Physiological differences between calonyctin-treated and untreated
potato plants were usually detected 30–40 days after spraying them with calonyctin. The chlorophyll content of treated potato
leaves increased, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio decreased. By 40 days after treatment the root oxidizability and soluble protein
contents of different parts of the plants also increased. Their subsequent decline as the plants aged was inhibited by calonyctin.
It is concluded that calonyctin delayed the senescence of potato plants and increased tuber growth at later stages of development. 相似文献
16.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2006,23(3):297-303
The dry weight, moisture, wax compositions, simmondsins content, protein and sugar content of germinating jojoba cotyledons and developing seedling were studied. During imbibition the seed absorbed water and the moisture content increased steadily during germination. Radicles emerged after 10–15 days of germination and only at that time compositional changes in wax, and simmondsins content were determined.Wax breakdown was the main source of carbon and energy for the developing seedling, while protein reserves were the nitrogen source. The profile of the fatty acids changed through germination and esters with 20:1 fatty acid were preferentially used.Simmondsin concentration increased at the time of radicle emergence and than decreased. Ferulate derivatives almost disappeared while didemethyl simmondsin concentration decreased more slowly. Simmondsins but not the ferulate derivatives were building up in the radicle and young shoots. 相似文献
17.
麦根腐平脐蠕孢和薏苡平脐蠕孢防治稻田稗草的生物活性和安全性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对分离自云南昆明感病稗草\[Echinochloa crus galli (L.) Beauv.\]上的病原真菌麦根腐平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris sorokiniana）和薏苡平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris coicis）开展了防治稗草潜力的评价。结果显示,B.sorokiniana和B.coicis两菌株培养5 d的发酵原液对稗草根长和芽长均有很高的抑制作用,根长最高抑制率分别为99.59%和95.78%, 芽长最高抑制率分别为91.14%和82.13%。两菌株对稗草离体叶片致病性的室内试验表明,菌丝体悬浮液处理5 d后稗草叶片病情指数最高可达100%。两菌株对稗草植株防效的温室试验表明, 菌丝体悬浮液处理稗草7 d后植株下部叶片出现萎蔫症状、脱落及死亡,处理21 d后稗草最高死亡率达到82.67%和80.00%。菌株对作物的安全性试验表明,麦根腐平脐蠕孢对作物的安全性显著高于薏苡平脐蠕孢。作为生防潜力菌株,麦根腐平脐蠕孢具有更大的应用潜力。 相似文献
18.
Genetic Diversity of Seed Storage Proteins in Different Ecotype Varieties of japonica Rice and Its Application 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JIN Wei-dong LI Na HONG De-lin 《水稻科学》2006,13(2):85-92
Plant endosperm storage proteins are coded by a group of enormous gene families, and a sub-family genes code a kind of protein respectively. These proteins are deposited in one kind of protein body and cannot be denatured during seed is formed. Thus, storage proteins as direct, stable products of genes can reflect DNA diversity of plants. The kind of diversity can be easily detected by various electrophoresis. So far, the polymorphism of seed storage proteins has already widely applied in pl… 相似文献
19.
以药用植物裸花紫珠(Callicarpa nudiflora)一年生半木质化枝条为材料,使用吲哚丁酸(IBA,1 500 mg/L)处理插穗,以清水为对照,每隔6 d取样1次,测定生根过程中插穗基部可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量及吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的动态变化。结果表明,扦插后0~12 d,1 500 mg/L IBA处理增加了插穗内可溶性蛋白含量,降低了淀粉含量,可溶性糖含量先降后升,IAAO、POD、PPO活性增加;扦插后12~30 d,淀粉及可溶性糖含量逐渐降低,可溶性蛋白含量先升后降,但仍都高于对照,IAAO和PPO活性逐渐下降,POD活性先降后增;扦插30 d后,可溶性糖、蛋白、淀粉含量逐步趋于稳定,IAAO活性趋于稳定,而PPO和POD活性逐渐降低。总之,较高浓度的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白,低浓度的淀粉,较高的IAAO、POD和PPO活性有利于裸花紫珠插穗不定根形成和发育。 相似文献
20.
不同光照条件下大豆体内异黄酮的含量与分布 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
用ＨＰＬＣ检测了不同光照处理大豆组织中异黄酮的含量。结果显示：幼苗子叶异黄酮含量大大高于叶片和根中的含量;光照处理后,子叶中异黄酮的含量降低,而叶片和根中的异黄酮含量上升;异黄酮含量较低的品种,幼苗光照后子叶中异黄酮含量上升较多。幼苗子叶中的异黄酮以大豆甙和染料木甙及其丙二酰衍生物为主,叶片中主要含有染料木甙及其丙二酰衍生物,根中异黄酮组分以丙二酰大豆甙为主;异黄酮组分因品种不同显示出一定差异。 相似文献