共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
基于广西贵港市覃塘区黄练镇发生了大批量家蚕中毒死亡的现象,为了科学查找蚕中毒原因,通过实地走访调研,发现中毒家蚕的饲养农户共同之处是使用同种桑树肥料,对各种涉蚕物资进行农药残留检测。结果显示,桑树肥料中含有高浓度噻虫嗪,家蚕添食试验显示噻虫嗪的浓度大于0.001 56 mg/kg能够导致家蚕发生中毒;噻虫嗪16.5 mg/kg浓度根基施肥,40 d内采叶喂蚕可导致3龄蚕急性中毒,100 d后药物毒性消失。通过综合分析,认为桑园施用的肥料中残留有高浓度的噻虫嗪,其通过桑树根部吸收,传导到桑叶,导致家蚕农药中毒,继而引起大批量死亡。农药来源推测是甘蔗种植中使用噻虫嗪,农户购买的此批肥料使用了较多的甘蔗滤泥,导致肥料中噻虫嗪含量较高。针对噻虫嗪引起的家蚕农药中毒现象,建议更换新鲜无毒桑叶减少损失,可疑桑叶先行少量饲喂试验等措施,噻虫嗪肥料施肥后的桑树在100 d后再采叶喂蚕,可有效防止家蚕农药中毒的发生,减少经济损失。 相似文献
2.
为了探究取食苜蓿对豌豆蚜中肠消化酶的影响,揭示苜蓿抗蚜的生化机制,本文测定了2种色型豌豆蚜取食8个不同抗性苜蓿品种后中肠主要消化酶的活性。结果表明,红色型豌豆蚜在取食低抗品种渭南后,其中肠蛋白酶活性为（9．71±0．63）U／mL,绿色型豌豆蚜取食感虫品种猎人河后为（9．88±0．56）U／mL,二者取食高抗品种三得利后分别为（0．33±0．10）U／mL 和（0．43±0．02）U／mL;红色型豌豆蚜取食感虫品种猎人河后其中肠脂肪酶活性为（4．12±0．30）U／mL,绿色型豌豆蚜则在取食低抗品种渭南后酶活达（4．00±0．29）U／mL,二者脂肪酶活性在取食高抗品种甘农5号后分别为（1．63±0．10）U／mL 和（1．08±0．13）U／mL;2种色型的豌豆蚜中肠淀粉酶的活性在取食感虫品种猎人河后分别为（2．30±0．40）U／mL、（2．14±0．29）U／mL。此外,豌豆蚜取食8个苜蓿品种后,红、绿色型豌豆蚜的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及绿色型豌豆蚜的淀粉酶活性与苜蓿抗性间均呈高度负线性相关,表明苜蓿品种的抗蚜性越高,蚜虫取食后其中肠3种酶的活性越低,抗性苜蓿品种主要抑制豌豆蚜中肠消化酶的活性。 相似文献
3.
4.
应用刺探电位图谱(electrical penetration graph,EPG)技术研究了豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)在6个不同抗蚜苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种上的取食行为及不同苜蓿品种的抗蚜机制。结果表明,豌豆蚜在刺吸取食不同抗性苜蓿品种的过程中,均产生8种波形,8种波形在6个苜蓿品种上持续的时间分别不同。与苜蓿品种抗性有关的是豌豆蚜在苜蓿品种韧皮部刺探取食过程中产生韧皮部分泌唾液波(El波)持续的时间,在6个不同抗蚜苜蓿品种上刺吸取食过程中产生E1波持续时间差异显著(P0.05),抗性越强的苜蓿品种,E1波持续时间越长,在抗性品种MF4020上持续时间最长,为36.8min,在低抗性品种巨能牧歌37CR持续时间最短,为1.50min。本研究从电生理方面进一步说明了不同苜蓿品种的抗蚜机制,从而为苜蓿品种抗蚜育种提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
蚜虫是传播马铃薯病毒的主要传毒媒介之一,据报导,能够传播一种或几种马铃薯病毒的蚜虫约有二十种;主要有桃蚜(Myzus persicae),鼠李马铃薯蚜(aphis nasturtii),茄沟无网蚜(aulacorthum solani)等,而其中桃蚜和鼠李马铃薯蚜不仅都能传播马铃薯病毒,同时传毒效率也高。蚜虫对马铃薯最大的危害是传播病毒,蚜虫传毒主要是在试食阶段传毒,而且还须是从茄科植物尤其是马铃薯上迁来的带毒蚜虫,才能起到传毒作用。因而,有翅蚜是在不同田块间迁飞传毒;而无翅蚜则是在一个田块内部不同植株间传毒,从而使马铃薯产生卷叶,花叶,皱缩,条斑坏死以及矮化、束顶等病害造成减产。 相似文献
6.
7.
《中国蜂业》2017,(2):22-23
蜜蜂是自然界最主要的授粉昆虫之一,但一直受到杀虫剂的危害。为探究亚致死浓度新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪对意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)进食量的影响,将各亚致死浓度(100 ppb、10 ppb和2.2 ppb)的噻虫嗪用饲喂管法对意大利蜜蜂进行10 d饲喂,记录并计算每天每只蜜蜂的平均进食量。100 ppb噻虫嗪处理组蜜蜂进食量明显低于对照组,10 ppb和2.2 ppb组蜜蜂进食量从第5 d后明显高于对照组。结果表明高浓度的噻虫嗪抑制蜜蜂的进食,而低浓度的噻虫嗪对蜜蜂进食量具有一定促进作用。这对进一步研究噻虫嗪对蜜蜂生长发育和生理方面的影响具有一定的生物学意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
本研究通过测定豌豆蚜在取食“抗”“感”2个紫花苜蓿品种(高抗品种'甘农5号’和感虫品种'猎人河’)之后的存活率、体内酶活性等指标,分析2个苜蓿品种对豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)存活率及体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明：取食高抗苜蓿品种的豌豆蚜在24 h时体内的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、羧酸酯酶(Carboxylesterase,CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)和细胞色素P450s (Cytochrome P450s,P450s)活性最高,其存活率从12 h的85.3%降到46.7%;取食感虫苜蓿品种的豌豆蚜过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD),SOD和CarE活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性呈现先下降后上升的趋势,存活率从12 h的90.7%降到24 h的86.0%。从结果可以看出,抗虫品种对豌豆蚜的影响大于感虫品种,24 h为豌豆蚜通过酶活维持机体内代谢平衡的关键期,且CarE在豌豆蚜适应两苜蓿品种时起到重要的调控作用。 相似文献
10.
11.
采用虫体浸渍法和叶碟浸渍法研究了甘青赛莨菪粗提物对粘虫、菜青虫和麦长管蚜虫的杀虫活性。试验结果表明,甘青赛莨菪叶甲醇粗提物对粘虫5龄幼虫的触杀活性最强,其次为茎和根皮甲醇粗提物,稀释5倍液的校正死亡率分别为28.09%,18.30%和17.07%。叶甲醇粗提物对4龄菜青虫的触杀活性最强,其次为茎和根皮甲醇粗提物,稀释10倍液的校正死亡率分别为66.67%,64.29%和60.00%。叶、茎和根皮甲醇粗提物对4龄菜青虫的拒食活性均很弱,对麦长管蚜具有一定的触杀活性,对棉蚜和桃蚜无触杀活性。 相似文献
12.
研究唐古特莨菪中生物碱对农业害虫(螨)的生物活性,可为利用该植物研制新型植物源杀虫(螨)剂提供理论依据。本文采用柱色谱分离法从唐古特莨菪地上部分分离得到2个生物碱类化合物,通过MS、NMR确定了其化学结构,分别为莨菪碱、东莨菪碱。采用微量点滴法和玻片浸渍法测定了莨菪碱、东莨菪碱对甘蓝蚜、桃蚜等9种蚜虫和朱砂叶螨、二斑叶螨等4种叶螨的触杀活性。结果表明,莨菪碱对禾谷缢管蚜、桃粉蚜、豆蚜和绣线菊蚜具有较强的触杀作用,LC50值分别为257.863,275.459,344.645和344.717 mg/L。东莨菪碱对豆蚜和禾谷缢管蚜具有较强的触杀作用,LC50值分别为311.585和392.309 mg/L。对照药剂鱼藤酮对甘蓝蚜和棉蚜具有较强的触杀作用,LC50值分别为399.542和436.124 mg/L。对甘蓝蚜等9种蚜虫的触杀作用,莨菪碱强于或与东莨菪碱相当;对豆蚜、禾谷缢管蚜的触杀作用,莨菪碱和东莨菪碱均强于鱼藤酮;对甘蓝蚜、桃蚜和棉蚜的触杀作用,莨菪碱和东莨菪碱均弱于鱼藤酮。莨菪碱和东莨菪碱对截形叶螨、山楂叶螨、二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨具有较强的触杀作用。2种生物碱对4种叶螨的毒力相当,对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨的毒力(201.027~224.172 mg/L)均高于截形叶螨和山楂叶螨(257.014~332.698 mg/L)。对照药剂鱼藤酮对截形叶螨、山楂叶螨的LC50值分别为196.847和224.592 mg/L,其毒力高于莨菪碱和东莨菪碱。 相似文献
13.
Markku T. Saastamoinen Johanna Juusela 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):52-57
Abstract The influence of vitamin E supplementation on blood serum vitamin E concentration as well as the seasonal variation of serum vitamin concentration was investigated. Forty horses were divided into a control and three vitamin E supplementation (experimental) groups. The levels of the vitamin E supplementation in the three experimental groups were 1, 3 or 5 mg/kg body weight (bwt) per day. The vitamin was dosed orally. The supplementation was started either at the beginning or in the middle of the indoor (winter) feeding period. There was seasonal variation in the serum vitamin E content; the serum vitamin concentration increased during the grazing and decreased during the indoor feeding period. The basal feeding and a daily supplement of 1 mg/kg bwt were not adequate to maintain or increase the serum vitamin E concentration during the indoor feeding period in an exercising horse. The minimum daily intake of vitamin E would seem to be greater than 1.5 mg/kg bwt. It is suggested that a daily supplement of 3 to 5 mg/kg bwt may be required by horses in training to increase the serum vitamin E levels. This amounts to 1500–2500 mg/day for a horse weighing 500 kg. Supplementation should be started at the beginning of the indoor feeding period. 相似文献
14.
15.
The physiological and production effects of feeding additional vitamin E and ruminally protected vitamin C were examined in cattle challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1). Forty-eight individually penned 6-mo-old Angus and Angus crossbred heifer calves with a mean BW of 151 kg were allocated randomly to four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pelleted diets provided either 15 or 185 IU/kg of DM of vitamin E, with or without 3.7 g of ruminally protected vitamin C/kg of DM. Blood samples were taken at start of the experiment and at wk 4, 5, and 6. At the start of wk 5, half of each of the dietary groups was challenged with BHV 1. Feeding additional vitamin E was associated with greater (P < 0.001) mean plasma alpha-tocopherol. In contrast, feeding ruminally protected vitamin C was not associated with greater (P = 0.59) mean plasma ascorbate concentration; however, feeding ruminally protected vitamin C was associated with lower (P = 0.03) mean blood total superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD) concentration. Calves fed additional vitamin E had greater (P = 0.05) mean plasma beta-carotene concentrations. There were interactions between dietary intake of vitamins E and C with respect to serum ceruloplasmin concentration (P = 0.01) and G:F (P = 0.05). Bovine herpesvirus 1 challenge was associated with lower white cell count (P = 0.007), lymphocyte count (P < 0.001), and DMI (P = 0.03). Feeding additional vitamin E to calves challenged with BHV 1 was associated with a lower (P = 0.03) serum ceruloplasmin concentration. There was a non-significant trend towards an interaction (P = 0.06) between the feeding of vitamins E and C, with virus-challenged calves fed additional vitamin E alone having greater plasma retinol concentrations. The feeding of vitamins E and/or C in calves challenged with BHV 1 was associated with alterations in the concentrations of other antioxidants. More severe disease may have translated these cellular effects to changes in health and performance. 相似文献
16.
17.
Gastric myoelectric activity was measured in 10 dogs with spontaneous gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Myoelectric activity was recorded with temporary, retrievable wire electrodes placed on the serosal surface of the stomach after derotation and tube gastrostomy. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 1 hour daily, beginning with the day of surgery (less than 24 hours), 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after surgery. Recordings were also obtained for 1 hour daily after feeding, beginning 24 hours after surgery. Bradygastria was the predominate dysrhythmia immediately after surgery and at hour 24. The mean slow wave frequency was more than normal at hours 48 to 168 due to an increase in tachygastria and arrhythmias. The slow wave frequency significantly decreased after feeding at hours 120 and 144. The overall mean percentage of dysrhythmias was significantly decreased after feeding at hour 72 only. The mean percentage of spike activity ranged from 37.7 +/- 12.5 to 75.7 +/- 6.2 throughout the 8-day study period. Thus, gastric myoelectric activity was disrupted in these dogs with spontaneous GDV and subsequent tube gastrostomy. Feeding did not greatly diminish these dysrhythmias. 相似文献
18.
19.
犏牛补饲维生素E的试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对多元杂交不同组合犏母牛补饲维生素E,结果表明：通过补饲维生素E后,西黄牦犏牛子宫内膜炎的发病率比对照组降低20％,荷黄牦犏牛的比对照组降低30％,西黄牦犏牛和荷黄牦犏牛乳房炎的发病率均比对照组降低30％。给犏母牛补饲维生索E能显著提高犊牛初生重和犊牛产后成活率,对母牛产奶量影响不明显。 相似文献