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随着我国人民生活水平提高和对乳制品需求量的大幅增加。很大程度上推动了奶牛养殖业的发展，奶牛业集约化、规范化饲养水平比传统养殖模式有了很大改善。然而，在奶牛饲养管理过程中，人们只着眼于奶产量的高低。把高产奶量成为奶牛生产追求的首要指标；而很少注意奶牛自身的健康和福利，导致很多进口高产奶牛利用年限低， 相似文献
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奶牛福利及其安全性生产 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在奶牛的饲养管理过程中，人们很少注意奶牛自身的健康和福利，这就导致在发展奶牛饲养业的同时也带来了许多奶牛福利和奶制品安全生产问题。为此，本文从我国奶业持续发展和奶制品安全生产的角度出发，介绍有关奶牛福利及其产品安全性生产，以期引起有关部门的注意和研究。 相似文献
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探讨黑龙江垦区奶牛实现单产7吨措施和未来发展方向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对黑龙江垦区奶牛养殖现状的分析,提出完善育种体系、提高奶农户科学知识储备、开展生产性能测定、种苜蓿养牛、TMR饲喂和搞好奶牛福利等实现奶牛年单产7t奶的主要措施,及培育高产奶牛群和优质乳肉兼用牛地方类群的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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通过改善动物福利能够保证养殖动物的生理、心理健康,一定程度上可有效提高养殖动物的生产效率。随着社会的不断发展,音乐除欣赏享受以外其他与社会现实有关联的功能也不断被发掘。与垫料、玩具等奶牛的生活用品相比,播放音乐的经济成本和人工成本较低,且目前已经有研究表明奶牛在适宜音乐环境中也会产生舒适和快乐的反应,可见音乐对动物福利的影响具有极大研究价值。本文就音乐与奶牛生理、心理、环境、行为、卫生福利相关研究进行分析和总结,为通过改善奶牛适宜音乐环境提高奶牛福利的措施提供参考。 相似文献
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AIM: To assess the likely impact on the health and welfare of dairy cattle in New Zealand of increased use of housing. METHODS: Published data on the effect of housing on the welfare of dairy cattle were reviewed to determine whether, under New Zealand conditions, housing was likely to increase or reduce welfare. The focus of this review was on permanent housing, and the welfare outcomes assessed were primarily those associated with biological function rather than behaviour. The five areas of focus were shelter, feeding, calving, lameness, and other diseases, and were based on the welfare concerns expressed by dairy farmers of large herds. RESULTS: The shelter provided by housing dairy cattle would appreciably improve welfare under a relatively small range of conditions. For feeding and calving, both advantages and disadvantages of housing were identified. For lameness and mastitis, published research and comparisons of disease levels in New Zealand with those in other developed dairying countries strongly suggest that increased use of housing will increase the risk of these diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Under New Zealand conditions, housing dairy cattle is likely to have both significant welfare benefits (protection from environmental conditions) and drawbacks (increased risk of mastitis and lameness). New Zealand-based research suggests that in most areas of the country the benefits of protection from extremes of temperature and wind and rain are likely to be apparent on only a few days a year, insufficient to justify the costs associated with housing cattle. Thus, dairy cattle are likely to be housed for longer than required for shelter purposes, increasing the risk of deleterious effects without a balancing welfare advantage from environmental protection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increases in lameness and mastitis are likely to be associated with the increased use of housing and are likely to be accompanied by changes in the aetiology and presentation of these diseases, requiring better detection techniques, such as measurement of comfort or locomotion score, and new preventive regimes, such as pre-milking teat spray and routine corrective hoof-trimming. 相似文献
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Lexie M. Reed David L. Renaud Trevor J. DeVries 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2022,63(2):187
Male dairy calf welfare is a key issue in the Canadian cattle industry. The welfare of male dairy calves can be explored through the aspects of health and biological functioning, affective states, and natural living. Presently, the main welfare issues associated with the production of male dairy calves include morbidity and mortality, colostrum and feeding management, transportation, isolation, castration and disbudding, and euthanasia. Opportunities to improve male dairy calf welfare include improving accepted industry practices, enhancing education and compliance with industry codes of practice, and increasing veterinarian involvement in on-farm animal welfare. The benefits of improving male dairy calf welfare include maintenance of the cattle industry’s social license and improved producer mental health and occupational satisfaction. The main barriers to improving male dairy calf welfare are economics and cultural attitudes within the industry towards male dairy calves. 相似文献
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本文对甘肃省张掖市甘州区奶牛发展现状做了较为全面写:对奶牛发展的原因进行了分析,特别是政府资金扶持政策,技术服务体系建设,集中解决奶牛发展过程中存在的具体问题是奶业发展的动因。同时全国奶业出现了新的发展机遇,奶业也出现了新的特点:生产模式多样化、机械化程度提高,高产奶牛引进也为奶业发展及入了新活动。 相似文献
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Maunsell FP Woolums AR Francoz D Rosenbusch RF Step DL Wilson DJ Janzen ED 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(4):772-783
Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogen causing respiratory disease, otitis media, arthritis, mastitis, and a variety of other diseases in cattle worldwide. It is increasingly recognized by the veterinary and livestock communities as having an important impact on the health, welfare, and productivity of dairy and beef cattle. M. bovis diseases can be difficult to diagnose and control because of inconsistent disease expression and response to treatments and vaccines, and large gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of these diseases. There are limited data on which to base evidence-based decisions for treatment and control, and the literature contains differing clinical biases and opinions. This document is intended for veterinarians dealing with cattle and is focused on the cattle production systems of North America. The goal of the consensus statement panel was to encourage an evidence-based approach to M. bovis problems. The scientific literature was critically reviewed, including peer-reviewed journal articles and reviews obtained by database searches using the terms "Mycoplasma bovis" or "mycoplasma + cattle." Where other data were lacking, conference proceedings were reviewed as a source of expert opinion. 相似文献
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中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的研究现状与展望 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
综述了中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床应用、机理和特点,认为中药治疗奶牛乳房炎采用辨证施治方法,毒副作用小且不易产生耐药性;指出了中药治疗奶牛乳房炎存在的问题,主要是基础研究薄弱、生产工艺落后、无固定标准、药品质量难以保证等.由于中药治疗奶牛乳房炎疗效确实,因而潜力巨大. 相似文献
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奶牛隐性乳房炎是一种复杂的导致奶牛业经济损失最严重的疾病,是奶牛养殖过程中的常见病之一,其发病率高。为了摸清南通红梅乳业牧场隐性乳房炎的发病情况,笔者用北京亚临床乳房炎快速诊断液做试验,从胎次、年龄等两个方面分别调查了隐性乳房炎的头阳性率、乳区阳性率,并进行卡方分析,得出奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率同胎次、年龄等因素之间存在着密切的关系,随着胎次和年龄的增加隐性乳房炎的发病率呈上升趋势。 相似文献
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蹄部是奶牛身体的支撑和运动器官,蹄部的健康是奶牛正常生产的重要保障,肢体疾病是影响奶牛生产的四大疾病之一,其中腐蹄病发病率占肢体疾病的20％～40％,影响奶牛的健康和产奶,严重者造成淘汰和死亡,给奶业生产造成较大的经济损失。 相似文献
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各国奶牛群体的选育目标建立之后,选育目标一直在不断发展,选择指数中性状的组成、定义和权重等都在不断变化。奶牛的选育是从关注产奶性能而开始,随后增加了体型外貌性状。由于奶牛的健康和繁殖问题的增加以及社会对动物福利的不断关注,20世纪末,世界范围内平衡育种理念在奶牛育种中逐渐形成,一些重要的功能性状加入各国的选择指数中;进入21世纪后,随着奶牛养殖业和社会的发展,育种家们开始关注和研究更多的性状,部分新性状已经开始在育种实践中选育应用。本文通过整理奶牛育种中有关新性状的研究并收集各国奶牛选育方案中的相关信息,综述了近十年奶业发达国家在奶牛遗传选育中正在研究或已经开始应用的新性状,并将这些新性状分为生产效率相关的新性状、应对环境挑战的新性状、健康福利相关的新性状、产品和加工相关的新性状及管理相关的新性状五大类,总结了这些性状的选育背景、定义方法、遗传基础和选育应用情况等,最后还总结了奶牛育种中新性状的研究应用过程,以期为我国奶牛遗传育种研究和育种目标完善提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献