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1.
竹类植物光合特性与叶片功能性状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
光合作用指标作为植物重要生理特性指标,受植物自身遗传特性与周围环境因素影响。植物叶片功能性状反映植物遗传特性以及植物适应周围环境变化的响应对策。因此,研究植物叶片功能性状指标与光合特性参数之间的相关性,具有重要的生理意义和应用价值。竹类植物作为地球陆地生态系统重要组成部分,对竹类植物光合特性与叶片功能性状的研究可为竹子经济栽培、经营管理、合理利用提供理论依据。文中总结了竹种光合特性已有研究成果,归纳影响竹子光合作用的影响因子,评述竹类植物叶片功能性状的研究内容及其对周围环境的响应,探讨竹类植物光合特性与叶片功能性状之间的相关性,并在此基础上提出了竹类植物光合特性与叶片功能性状研究展望。 相似文献
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Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under various environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits among plants grouped by growth habit, leaf life span, leaf lifestyle, leaf form, and origin. Specific leaf area (SLA) of perennial or evergreen species was lower than that of annual or deciduous species because longer-lived leaves of perennial or evergreen species require more investment in structural integrity and/or defense against disturbances, especially with any resource constraint. SLA of large individuals was lower than that of small individuals. The low SLA in large individuals can improve their response to changing light and water conditions because increasing plant height is advantageous for light competition, but it can also impose a cost in terms of structural support and water transport. Petioles of plants with compound leaves were significantly longer than those of simple leaves because branching is expensive in terms of gaining height. SLA of plants increased with increasing invasiveness accordingly, and SLA of invasive plants was higher than that of their native congeners because invasive plants should invest more biomass on leaf growth rather than leaf structures per unit area to achieve a higher growth rate. Overall, variation in leaf functional traits among different groups may play an adaptive role in the successful survival of plants under diverse environments because leaf functional traits can lead to pronounced effects on leaf function, especially the acquisition and use of light. Plant species with different growth and leaf traits balance resource acquisition and leaf construction to minimize trade-offs and achieve fitness advantages in their natural habitat. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,32(5)
Previous research has shown that competition between plants can have differential effects on leaf stoichiometry and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC) in different environments.However,little attention has been given to understanding these effects on non-photosynthetic organs,particularly of deciduous tree species.Here we assess the impact of competition on below and aboveground biomass,stoichiometry,nutrient composition and NSC in pure and mixed forests of two Larch species,Larix kaempferi and L.olgensis under nitrogen(N) addition.Nitrogen enrichment did not result in stronger intraspecific competition for both species and L.olgensis benefited from the presence of L.kaempferi under different N levels.Stems kept relatively stable C/N compared to roots and branches in response to competition,while N addition imposed stronger impacts on N/P of different organs rather than competition.In contrast to stable C concentrations,starch and soluble sugar concentrations were more easily impacted by competition and the addition of nitrogen.Competition forced L.kaempferi and L.olgensis to allocate more carbon into storage by increasing their starch concentration and starch/soluble sugar of stems under competition.However,no significant differences in stoichiometry and NSC concentration between intra-and interspecific competition were found.NSC and nutrient pools of L.kaempferi stems,branches and coarse roots consistently declined due to competition regardless of N addition.Coarse and fine roots of L.kaempferi accumulated more N when in competition with L.olgensis than with a conspecific neighbor under N addition.Our results show that NSC was more sensitive to competition relative to stoichiometric traits(N and P) of non-photosynthetic organs. 相似文献
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喀斯特森林生态系统作为喀斯特生态系统的重要组成部分,其生态化学计量特征是喀斯特生态系统研究的热点。对比其他森林生态系统,我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统的植物具有较高的C含量和较低的N、P含量,植物生长一般会受到N、P的限制;凋落物和土壤N、P含量较高,不同植被类型土壤P含量有很大差异;随着植被正向演替的进行,土壤N含量和凋落物N、P含量有逐渐增加的趋势;喀斯特森林生态系统化学计量特征主要受到植物个体差异、气候、地形和人类活动的影响。文中系统总结了我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统的研究概况、生态化学计量特征、影响因素及研究方向,并针对我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统生态化学计量学研究亟待解决的科学问题从4个方面进行了研究展望。 相似文献
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不同光强下红锥幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的日变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定分布在不同光照强度（全光照、遮荫下光强分别相当于自然光照的80％、30％和20％）的红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）盆栽幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的日变化过程,以探讨红锥幼苗生长对光强的适应性.结果显示,4种生境光强下的叶绿素荧光参数日变化趋势基本一致;低光强下（30％和20％光强）的有效光化学量子产量（Fv＇/Fm＇）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）和最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）显著高于高光强下（全光照和80％光强）的对应值,且三者均表现为中午较低,傍晚最高的趋势;相对表观电子传递速率（ETR）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）表现为随生境光强的增加而升高的趋势,低光强下显著低于高光强下的对应值,且两者均表现为傍晚最低.研究表明,红锥盆栽幼苗对低光强的适应性很强,适当遮光有利于提高红锥苗的光合能力. 相似文献
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红锥天然林生长规律与生物量的调查研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
华安金山林场红锥天然林调查表明,红锥生长快,３４～３８年生树高可达２１．９～２３．７ｍ、胸径可达２０～３０ｃｍ。全林保存密度５７２株／ｈｍ２,蓄积量３６６ｍ３／ｈｍ２;Ⅱ级立地级保存红锥６００株／ｈｍ２,蓄积量高达４８３ｍ３／ｈｍ２,生物量５００．８７ｔ／ｈｍ２,材积年生长量可达１３．４ｍ３／ｈｍ２;Ⅲ级立地红锥蓄积量３４２ｍ３／ｈｍ２,生物量３５４．６５ｔ／ｈｍ２。林分生产力很高,树高速生期为４～１８年生。胸径速生期为６～１４年生,材积速生期为１０～２７年生,３４～３８年生的红锥尚未达到数量成熟。表明红锥适应性强,不苛求立地,生长潜力大,极有发展前途。 相似文献
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Understanding physiological responses and drought adaptation strategies of woody plant leaf traits in sub-humid to semi-arid regions is of vital importance to understand the interplay between ecological processes and plant resource-allocation strategies of different tree species.Seasonal variations of leaf morphological traits,stoichiometric traits and their relationships of two drought tolerant woody species,live oak(Quercus virginiana)and honey mesquite(Prosopis glandulosa)and two less drought tolerant species,sugarberry(Celtis laevigata)and white ash(Fraxinus americana)were analyzed in a sub-humid to semi-arid area of south Texas,USA.Our findings demonstrate that for the two drought tolerant species,the leguminous P.glandulosa had the highest specific leaf area,leaf N,P,and lowest leaf area and dry mass,indicating that P.glandulosa adapts to an arid habitat by decreasing leaf area,thus reducing water loss,reflecting a resource acquisition strategy.While the evergreen species Q.virginiana exhibited higher leaf dry mass,leaf dry matter content,C content,C:N,C:P and N:P ratios,adapts to an arid habitat through increased leaf thickness and thus reduced water loss,reflecting a resource conservation strategy in south Texas.For the two less drought tolerant deciduous species,the variations of leaf traits in C.laevigata and F.americana varied between Q.virginiana and P.glandulosa,reflecting a trade-off between rapid plant growth and nutrient maintenance in a semi-arid environment. 相似文献
8.
三种园林植物叶形态生理指标及其环境指示作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定3种南方园林植物的叶面积、叶片含水量、比叶面积和叶绿素指数4项形态和生理指标,并对两种不同环境条件下各指标的差异进行分析,验证3种园林植物利用资源及对环境适应的能力。结果表明,高山榕(Ficus altissima)生长较快但不能较好地适应大气污染,白千层(Melaleuca quinquenervia)能抗大气污染,而尖叶杜英(Elaeocarpus apiculatus)更能适应资源丰富的环境条件。 相似文献
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Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental variation occurs at all levels of organization and across temporal scales within plants. However, the magnitude and functional significance of plasticity is largely unexplored in perennial species. We measured the plasticity of leaf- and shoot-level physiological, morphological and developmental traits in nursery-grown Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. individuals subjected to different nutrient and water availabilities. We also examined the extent to which nutrient and water availability influenced the relationships between these traits and productivity. Populus deltoides responded to changes in resource availability with high plasticity in shoot-level traits and moderate plasticity in leaf-level traits. Although shoot-level traits generally correlated strongly with productivity across fertilization and irrigation treatments, few leaf-level traits correlated with productivity, and the relationships depended on the resource examined. In fertilized plants, leaf nitrogen concentration was negatively correlated with productivity, suggesting that growth, rather than enhanced leaf quality, is an important response to fertilization in this species. With the exception of photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency, traits associated with resource conservation (leaf senescence rate, water-use efficiency and leaf mass per area) were uncorrelated with short-term productivity in nutrient- and water-stressed plants. Our results suggest that plasticity in shoot-level growth traits has a greater impact on plant productivity than does plasticity in leaf-level traits and that the relationships between traits and productivity are highly resource dependent. 相似文献
11.
Seiwa K 《Tree physiology》1999,19(12):793-797
To determine how plants control leaf phenology to maximize annual carbon gain, I examined ontogenetic changes in leaf phenology of Japanese elm, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai plants of different ages growing in contrasting light environments. Leaf emergence occurred earlier in 1- and 2-year-old seedlings than in current-year seedlings. Although leaf emergence was not affected by light conditions at the sites, it was influenced by plant height. The delay in leaf emergence increased with increasing plant height. These traits indicate that seedlings that received the least light during the summer intercepted light for a long period during the spring; however, the advantage of earlier leaf emergence decreased with increasing plant height. At each site, 1-year-old seedlings had a longer duration of leaf emergence than adults, because of a longer period of favorable light conditions even in the forest understory. Duration of leaf emergence, leaf duration and leaf longevity were usually longer in sun than in shade for both seedlings and adults; however, flexibility in the response to light was greater in seedlings than in adults. The plastic response in leaf phenology during the juvenile stages may contribute to the optimization of light acquisition in habitats with differing light conditions, thereby enhancing seedling survival. 相似文献
12.
Ramírez DA Balaguer L Mancilla R González V Coaguila D Talavera C Villegas L Ortega A Jiménez P Moreno JM 《Tree physiology》2012,32(1):65-73
Myrcianthes ferreyrae is an endemic, endangered species, with a small number of individuals located only in hyperarid, fog-oases known as lomas along the Peruvian desert in southern Peru, where fog is the main source of water. Following centuries of severe deforestation, reforestation with this native species was conducted in the Atiquipa lomas, Arequipa-Perú. On five slopes, five 2-year-old seedlings were irrigated monthly with water trapped by raschel-mesh fog collectors, supplementing natural rainfall with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm month(-1) from February to August 2008. We measured plant growth, increment in basal diameter, height and five leaf traits: leaf mass area (LMA), leaf carbon isotope composition (δ(13)C), nitrogen per leaf area, total leaf carbon and stomatal density; which are indicative of the physiological changes resulting from increased water supply. Plant growth rates, estimated from the variation of either shoot basal diameter or maximum height, were highly correlated with total biomass. Only LMA and δ(13)C were higher in irrigated than in control plants, but we found no further differences among irrigation treatments. This threshold response suggests an on-off strategy fitted to exploit pulses of fog water, which are always limited in magnitude in comparison with natural rain. The absence of a differential response to increased water supply is in agreement with the low phenotypic plasticity expected in plants from very stressful environments. Our results have practical implications for reforestation projects, since irrigating with 20 mm per month is sufficient to achieve the full growth capacity of this species. 相似文献
13.
【目的】探究油茶杂交F1代叶片表型性状的分离规律和遗传变异特征。【方法】运用杂交F1代叶片质量性状香农-威尔多样性指数分析、数量性状离散描述及其相关性分析和聚类分析等数理统计法分析了攸县油茶×普通油茶‘华硕’种间杂交F1代47个单株的叶片表型(4个质量性状和12个数量性状)遗传多样性和遗传效应。【结果】1)叶表型的4个质量性状中,香农-威尔多样性指数的平均值为0.871,其中叶缘形态的多样性指数最高,为1.254;新叶颜色最低,为0.691。其中,叶形和叶背腺点有偏向母本的遗传趋势,而叶缘形态有偏离母本的遗传趋向。新叶颜色是绿色和红色趋近1︰1,分别是53.19%和46.81%,与母本相同的新叶颜色占46.81%,符合孟德尔遗传规律。2)12个叶片表型数量性状变异系数的平均值为17.75%,范围为9.55%~26.07%,经正态性检验后,发现其具有良好的正态分布趋势,符合多基因控制的数量性状遗传特征。12个叶表型数量性状在F1代的中亲优势率为-30.15%~25.93%。叶干质量、比叶重、叶型指数、叶长、叶面积和叶厚的中亲优势率为正,其中叶型指数和比叶重的平均值高于高亲值,叶鲜质量、叶宽、叶柄长、叶片含水率和叶顶角的中亲优势均为负,这些性状的平均值小于中亲值,其中叶鲜质量、叶宽和叶柄长趋中变异明显,存在于双亲之间,而叶片含水率和叶顶角的平均值小于低亲亲本,呈现出明显的趋小变异。3)16个叶片性状呈现错综复杂的相关性。4)聚类分析结果表明,聚类结果充分反映了各类群的综合特征。油茶种间杂交F1代在遗传距离为20.00处将其分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ类群。在遗传距离为10.0处,第Ⅰ大类群分为Ⅰ-a亚类和Ⅰ-b亚类。第Ⅰ大类群38个单株与母本攸县油茶聚在一起,形态表现与母本相似度更高,为偏母型。【结论】油茶种间杂交F1代叶表型性状变异丰富,其中12个数量性状表现出比较广泛的分离特征,4个质量性状均具有较丰富的多样性,这为下一步育种材料的利用提供了更广阔的空间。 相似文献
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红椿是中国珍贵乡土速生用材树种。为了研究红椿不同种源在武汉地区的适应性和生长差异,对4个红椿地理种源苗期、6 a生幼林树叶片及其生长量性状进行了观测与分析。结果表明,同一种源红椿叶片的复叶长、复叶宽、小叶长、小叶宽、小叶数这5个指标性状,6 a生幼林树的观测值皆大于苗期的观测值。苗期时不同种源间复叶长、复叶宽、小叶长、小叶宽、小叶数、复叶长宽比、小叶长宽比这7个叶片性状皆存在极显著差异;除小叶长外,红椿6 a生幼林树不同种源其他性状指标之间存在显著或极显著差异;不同种源间不同林龄红椿生长量指标之间也均存在极显著差异,且随着林龄的增加红椿不同种源生长量之间差异也随之增大。4个种源6 a生红椿生长量排序为福建来舟（LZ）>福建武夷山（WY）>江西井冈山（GS）>江西官山（JG）。相关性分析结果表明,苗期的叶片性状间相关显著性较高,6 a生幼林树的叶片性状间除极个别性状表现出显著相关外,大部分性状间相关不显著。 相似文献
16.
5个阔叶树种叶片的养分特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用半微量凯氏法、钼兰比色法、火焰光度法和原子吸收光度法分别对阔叶树种红锥、红花荷、大叶相思、木荷、樟树叶片的N、P、K、Ca和Mg含量进行了测定。结果表明:红锥叶片的各养分含量中等,红花荷叶片的N、P、K、Ca含量都是5种树种中最低的,大叶相思叶片的N、K含量最高,木荷叶片的Mg含量最高;樟树叶片的P、Ca含量最高,Mg含量最低。聚类分析将5种树种的养分类型分为2类,第1类树种有红锥和红花荷,叶片单位叶面积养分含量较高;第2类为大叶相思、木荷和樟树,叶片单位叶面积养分含量较低。 相似文献
17.
Nitrogen (N) has great ecological importance, but the biogeographic pattern across forest biomes in China has only recently been explored. Here we conducted a systematic census of leaf C and N following the same protocol to explore the variations of leaf traits, and their possible responses to plant functional types (PFTs) and environmental factors. Results showed that leaf traits varied substantially across biomes, and the relationships of PFTs to climatic factors were stronger than those of PFTs versus soil nutrient proxies, indicating that plant species composition might be a better predictor of plant species distribution with climate than leaf traits. Soil nutrient proxies explained more variation of leaf traits than climate, which demonstrates that leaf traits reflect important aspects of plant responses to soil nutrients. Importantly, partial general linear models analyses found that PFTs showed the greatest direct influence for leaf traits, and climate and soil affected leaf traits mainly through the change in plant species composition rather than having direct impacts. Hence, we concluded that leaf traits were largely controlled by PFTs rather than climate or soil at the biome scale. The results favored the species composition hypothesis, indicating that leaf nutrient concentration is mainly determined by PFTs. 相似文献
18.
植物功能性状由生境条件和遗传因素共同决定,田间控制实验能够揭示植物功能性状在种内和种间的变异程度.采集南北样带温带区8个地点6种栎属树种的种子,通过田间栽培试验,以均一环境下1年生幼苗为对象,研究比较种内及种间比叶重、单位叶面积光合速率、单位叶重量光合速率、总干物质含量和根冠比5种功能性状的变化差异,并且分析幼苗功能性状与种子性状的关系.结果发现:栎属树种种间幼苗的功能性状变异系数高于种内,并且种内功能性状的差异较小,种间差异性较大,而比叶重和叶片光合速率无论在种间还是种内,其变异率都较小;总干物质量和根冠比与种子质量显著相关,随种子质量增加幼苗的总干物质量和根冠比呈现增加的趋势,比叶重和叶片光合速率与种子质量的相关性较小. 相似文献
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Eucalyptus polybractea (blue mallee) is the key species used in the commercial production of pharmaceutical-grade (>70% 1,8-cineole) eucalyptus oil in Australia. The establishment of plantations based on clones of selected, elite oil-producing plants has been recognized as the best means by which to increase oil and cineole yields. Blue mallee can be micropropagated using axillary bud proliferation of explants collected from the coppicing lignotubers of decapitated plants. To date, this has been successful for ortets from three different ontogenetic stages: 8-month-old ‘seedlings’, 4-year-old ‘saplings’ and ‘mature’, biannually harvested plants of indeterminate age. The issue of ontogenetic control of oil quality and quantity is an important consideration when selecting ortets for cloning and also when examining the success of a cloning programme. Our aim is to examine if clones derived from ortets of the three different ages reflect their respective ortets, in terms of oil quantity and quality (cineole proportion), and to appraise at what age the clones best reflect the ortets for these traits. Our results suggest that the age of ortets prior to explant collection does not influence micropropagation success or clonal consistency, and that clones generally exhibit the leaf oil traits of their respective ortets. Leaf oil quantity accumulation in ramets followed the ontogenetic trajectory of a relatively rapid increase to a maximum between 3 and 9 months, followed by a period of relative constancy for at least 12 months before beginning to gradually decrease after 21 months. Although oil quality of ramets reflected their corresponding ortets relatively well after 9 months, apparent ontogenetic constraints to cineole accumulation suggest that harvesting at a time between 9 and 21 months may better reflect the ortets for both traits. It appears likely that the proliferation of selected blue mallee genotypes using micropropagation will result in selection gains for key oil traits, thus potentially increasing cineole yields in future plantations. 相似文献
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【目的】研究广西国有高峰林场不同红锥人工林对土壤理化性质及微生物生物量的影响,旨在为该区红锥人工林合理经营和持续生产发展提供科学依据。【方法】以红锥纯林、红锥+湿地松混交林、红锥+米老排混交林、红锥+火力楠混交林4种红锥林型人工林0~60 cm土层为研究对象,分析4种红锥林型的土壤理化性质和微生物生物量差异以及变化规律。【结果】4种林型3个土层(0~20、20~40、40~60 cm)间土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、容重(ρb)、含水率(θg)以及微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)均差异显著,且随着土层深度的增加,4种林型的SOC、TN、全磷(TP)、θg均表现为逐渐降低,ρb表现为逐渐增大。0~60 cm土层4种林型间SOC、TN、TP、θg、pH值、ρb均差异极显著。其中红锥+米老排混交林土壤SOC、TN、TP、θg和MBC、MBN均最大,pH值和ρb最小;红锥纯林土壤SOC、TN、TP和MBC、MBN均最小,pH值和ρb最大。相关分析表明,MBC与SOC、TP呈显著正相关,与ρb呈显著负相关;MBN与SOC、TN、TP呈显著正相关,与ρb呈显著负相关;SOC、TN、TP与ρb呈显著负相关。【结论】红锥混交林能够有效提高土壤养分,改善土壤质地,且红锥阔叶混交林较红锥针阔混交林的效果更佳。 相似文献