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猪口蹄疫的临床特点与综合防制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起偶蹄动物共患的一种烈性传染病,以患病动物的口、蹄、乳头等部位出现水疱为特征,主要危害猪、牛、羊等。具有高度传染性,对畜牧业生产、肉食品供应及国际贸易造成重大影响,世界动物卫生组织将口蹄疫列为A类传染病之首,我国也将其列为一类动物疫病（17种）的第一位。《2010年国家动物疫病强制免疫计划》将口蹄疫列为猪的3大强制免疫计划（口蹄疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪瘟）之首,要求对所有猪进行0型口蹄疫强制免疫。 相似文献
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<正>口蹄疫俗称"口疮"、"蹄黄",是由口蹄疫病毒感染引起的偶蹄动物共患的急性、热性、接触性传染病,国际兽医局将其列为A类传染病,我国农业部把口蹄疫列为第一类动物疫病的第一病,本病传播途径多 相似文献
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口蹄疫（foot and mouth disease,FMD）在秋末冬春季多发,是由口蹄疫病毒感染偶蹄动物后所引起的急性、热性、接触性传染病,是危害最严重的动物疫病之一,被联合国粮农组织和世界动物卫生组织列为A类家畜传染病的首位,我国也将其列为一类疫病[1]。口蹄疫可感染猪、牛、水牛等20多个科的70多种偶蹄哺乳动物, 相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起偶蹄动物共患的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,可传染几十种偶蹄兽,人也可偶然被感染。国际兽疫局将口蹄疫列为动物A类疾病,我国农业部把猪口蹄疫列为一类动物疫病之首。 相似文献
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口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒所引起的偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。主要侵害偶蹄兽,其临诊特征为口腔黏膜、蹄部和乳房皮肤发生水疱。此病一旦发病极易造成大流行,世界动物卫生组织将其列为A类传染病,我国将其列为一类传染病。 相似文献
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赵艳军 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2013,(1):70-71
口蹄疫(Foot-and-moouth disease,FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒引起的偶蹄动物共患的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。该病以患病动物的口、蹄、乳头等部位出现水疱为特征,主要危害猪、牛、羊等。该病传播速度快,发病率高,传播途径复杂能形成大范围流行。世界动物卫生组织将其列为A类传染病之首,我国将其列为一类动物疫病的第一位。1病原学特点口蹄疫病毒型多易变异。有7个血清型,即O 相似文献
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正口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起偶蹄动物的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)列为A类烈性传染病,我国将其列为一类动物传染病。口蹄疫在世界上许多国家地区都有发生和流行,对各国养殖业造成巨大经济损失。目前,发达国家控制口蹄疫主要采取扑杀、无害化处理等措施。我国采取以疫苗强制免疫为主的综合措施来防控口蹄疫,主要是通过疫苗免疫使动物产生抵抗该病的有效抗体, 相似文献
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Experimentally induced Faciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. I. Clinicopathological and parasitological features. 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0 
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下载免费PDF全文 Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. Clinicopathological features of these infections were determined by analyses of blood samples collected each week from inoculated deer and sheep as well as from two noninoculated animals of each species. One animal in each inoculated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. Compared with the values obtained from noninoculated controls, eosinophilia, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia occured in inoculated deer. There were no other significant changes in hematological values or in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. Marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia, with hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and mild macrocytic normochromic anemia characterized the infection in lambs. Although approximately 29% of the inoculum was recovered from the hepatic parenchyma of the sheep, F. hepatica was found in only one of six inoculated deer. A patent infection was established in this deer and constitutes the second report of mature F. hepatica in this host. 相似文献
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动物衣原体病由衣原体感染引起,发病动物通常出现流产、产死胎或产蛋下降等临床症状。该病在牛、羊、猪、鸡、鸭等畜禽,以及狐狸、鹿等特种经济动物间广泛流行,严重妨碍了动物的健康发展。文章对动物衣原体病目前的防控进行了综述,主要包括疫苗免疫和药物治疗两方面,疫苗免疫是目前动物衣原体病预防的最经济有效的方法,而药物治疗是动物感染衣原体的最佳选择。其中重点阐述了灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、活载体疫苗等多种疫苗的特性及最新研究进展,药物重点介绍了抗生素及中医药的研究进展,探索了其他药物治疗的前景,并对动物衣原体病的未来防控进行了展望。 相似文献
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After exposure for two hours to cattle with foot-and-mouth disease, each of the five species of deer found in the British countryside became infected. Clinical disease was typical and severe in the roe and muntjac deer, with some animals dying, less severe in the sika deer and usually subclinical in the fallow and red deer. Each species transmitted disease to its own species and to cattle and sheep. The amounts of virus present in the blood, and in oesophageal/pharyngeal samples and excreted as an aerosol during the course of the infection in the deer were similar to those recorded for the sheep and cattle in the same experiment. The fallow and sika deer commonly carried virus in the pharynx beyond 28 days after exposure; some red deer also became carriers. In epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in the UK, it is likely that deer would have such intimate contact with farm animals as occurred in this study. The natural behavior of free-living deer in the UK suggests that, although the five species are susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease, they are unlikely to be an important factor in the maintenance and transmission of the virus during an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in domestic livestock. 相似文献
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鹿慢性消耗性疾病(CWD)是鹿类动物的传染性海绵状脑病(TSE)。它是由朊病毒(PrP)引起的,临床主要表现为慢性型消耗,体重逐渐下降,行为异常,最后致死。该病主要感染北美地区的黑尾鹿、白尾鹿和美洲马鹿,一些野生和家养的反刍动物如牛、绵羊和山羊与染病鹿直接或间接接触也可被感染。目前还不能确定CWD与人和其它动物的TSE类疾病的关系。它的起源、发病机理、传播机制和途径尚不清楚。尽管还没有证据证明CWD可传染给人类,但是它对人类有潜在威胁。 相似文献
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During late 2001 and early 2002, a mixed species wildlife park in North Carolina experienced an acute outbreak of morbidity and mortality in Pere David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus), axis deer (Axis axis), blackbuck antelope (Antelope cervicapra), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus). Clinical signs varied from fulminant disease, progressing from depression to bloody scours to death in fewer than 4 days in Pere David's deer, to a more protracted form of disease, ranging from 2 wk to 3 mo, in axis deer. In moribund axis deer, high levels of anti-malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus antibody by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were detected. Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) DNA was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes of the affected axis deer. No other MCF viruses were detected. Retrospective examination of frozen tissue samples from the affected Pere David's deer and blackbuck antelope also confirmed the presence of OvHV-2 DNA. Initial control efforts were directed at preventing further deaths of clinically susceptible animals by removing MCF virus reservoir species, particularly ovine species. The most prevalent ovine species in the wildlife park was mouflon sheep (Ovis musimon). All sheep were removed from the park by June 2002, and the last MCF death occurred in October 2002. Since mouflon sheep had been a prominent attraction in the wildlife park, the owner wanted a means to reintroduce this species to the park. Derivation of OvHV-2-uninfected mouflon lambs was undertaken using the previously described program for production of OvHV-2-free sheep (Ovis ovis). The rederived MCF virus-negative mouflon sheep were introduced into the park in approximately January 2004. As of December 2007, no further cases of MCF have occurred since the removal of OvHV-2-positive mouflon sheep and reintroduction of the virus-free lambs. This paper describes the successful management and control of MCF in a densely populated mixed species animal park. 相似文献
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Studies were conducted to evaluate the response of cattle and deer to ferrets which were sedated so they behaved like terminally tuberculous animals, and to compare this with the response of cattle, deer and sheep to sedated possums. Six groups of deer and two groups of cattle were exposed to a sedated ferret and to a sedated possum. Both livestock species showed interest in the possum by sniffing and licking it, but they only briefly touched the ferret and no licking or extended investigation was observed. The proportion of available time spent in physical contact with the possum by cattle was 7.7 times as high as for the ferret, and for the deer was 5.7 times as high. The behavioural response of three groups of sheep to a sedated possum was investigated, and sheep showed limited interest beyond viewing the possum from a distance. The amount of time spent by sheep investigating the possum was very low and the intensity of exploration was also low. For possums, at least one deer was within 1.5 m (an estimate of the distance that tuberculosis can be transmitted by aerosol) for 50.9% of observation time, and in physical contact with the possum for 9.5% of time. The figures for cattle were 69.3% and 17.3%, while those for sheep were 6.9% and 0.3%. In interactions with ferrets, the equivalent figures were 29.8% within 1.5 m and 2.2% in physical contact for cattle, and 20.8% and 1.1% for deer. Tuberculous possums commonly and tuberculous ferrets less commonly have lung lesions and/or discharging sinuses, and may excrete Mycobacterium bovis intermittently or continuously in aerosols or discharges. The exploratory behaviour of deer and cattle in this study would provide opportunities for them to become infected with M. bovis if they had contact with infectious possums, and less probably with ferrets. The response of sheep to possums suggests that they would be much less likely to contract the disease. 相似文献
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塔里木马鹿结核病的诊治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年新疆某规模马鹿场部分马鹿发病,仔鹿多表现为消瘦、食欲下降,营养消耗性死亡;成年鹿多表现为咳嗽、喘气、体温升高、突然喘气死亡。通过病理解剖,细菌培养,接种动物等方法确诊该鹿场马鹿死亡原因是感染了牛型结核分枝杆菌,说明牛型结核分枝杆菌可以感染马鹿。 相似文献
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Experimentally induced Fasciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. II. Pathological features. 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. One animal in each inocluated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. At six weeks postinoculation the parietal surface of the livers from inoculated deer was covered with gray fibrous plaques and rust colored patches. Fibroplasia with mononuclear cell infiltration characterized Glisson's capsule on the parietal surface. Granulomas were found in the hepatic parenchyma and on the dorsal surface of the lung. Fresh and healing tracks were occasionally found in the liver. In the sheep fibrinous exudate and numerous subcapsular tracks were found on both surfaces of the liver. Inflammatory changes in portal areas and numerous fresh and healing tracks in the hepatic parenchyma were prominent features. At 15 weeks postinoculation inflammatory changes in Glisson's capsule of inoculated deer were less marked than at six weeks but portal fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium were more advanced. A zone of hemorrhage surrounded ducts that contained mature F. hepatica in one deer. The livers from the sheep were rough, pitted and covered with fibrous tags and adhesions to the diaphragm and greater omentum were common. Hemorrhagic tracks were common in the sheep given 500 and 2500 metacercariae. Portal fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium were seen in the sheep (100 metacercariae) that harbored mature F. hepatica. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to describe differences in the ontogenesis of the rumen in the sheep (domestic ruminant) and deer (wild ruminant). A total of 50 embryos and fetuses of Merino sheep and 50 of Iberian deer were used, from the first stages of prenatal life until birth. For the study, the animals were divided into five experimental groups according to the most relevant histological characteristics. The appearance of the rumen from the primitive gastric tube was earlier in the sheep (22% gestation, 33 days) than in the deer (25% gestation, 66 days). In both cases it displayed a primitive epithelium of a stratified, cylindrical, non‐ciliary type. At around 28% gestation in the sheep (42 days) and 26% (67 days) in the deer, the rumen was configured of three clearly‐differentiated layers: internal or mucosal, middle or muscular and external or serosal. In both species the stratification of the epithelial layer was accompanied by modifications in its structure with the appearance of the ruminal pillars and papillae. The pillars appeared before the papillae and the appearance of both structures was always earlier in the deer (pillars: 70 days, 27% gestation; papillae: 97 days, 36% gestation) than in the sheep (pillars: 42 days, 28% gestation; papillae: 57 days, 38% gestation). The outlines of the ruminal papillae appeared as evaginations of the basal zone toward the ruminal lumen, dragging in their formation the basal membrane, the lamina propria and the submucosa. The tegumentary mucosa of the rumen was without secretion capability in the first embryonic phases. From 67 days (26% gestation) the neutral mucopolysaccharides appeared in the deer and at 46 days (30% gestation) in the sheep. In both cases they continued to decrease until birth, this diminution being more pronounced in the deer. Finally, the presence of neuroendocrine and glial cells was detected in the deer at earlier stages than in the sheep. 相似文献