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以植物特有的防灾避险功能为基础,从绿地的防灾避险功能角度分析了长沙居住小区绿地的植物配置存在的问题,并借鉴"FPS"防灾林带配置模式,提出城市居住小区防灾避险绿地植物配置的原则和方法,以期提高居住小区的防灾避险功能。 相似文献
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近些年来,全国各地区地震灾害频发,绿地的防灾避险功能在逐渐受到人们的关注和研究,然而我们可以发现的是现阶段的城市建设中由于绿化面积偏少,导致能够提供防灾避险功能的绿地就更加稀少。校园是绿化面积较高的事业单位,我们应该以校园绿地为实验园地为整个城市的防灾避险绿地建设奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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以遥感数据为基础,采用GIS空间分析的费用距离加权方法,对南京中心城区绿地可达性进行了分析。结果表明:南京中心城区绿地整体可达性较高,逾九成居民步行约3min即可到达一块绿地,其余亦不超过10min。其中,附属绿地可达性最好,超过90%的市民采用任何交通方式10min内均可到访附属绿地;公共绿地可达性次之,70%的居民步行10min可到达公共绿地,采用非机动车或机动车则10min到达公共绿地的居民可达90%以上的比例;生态防护绿地服务面积较大,但分布偏远,居民可享用性相对较差,生产性绿地景观整体可达性最差。建议采取增加附属绿地规模、完善公共绿地功能、严格保护控制生态防护绿地和生产绿地适度规模等举措,有层次、有步骤的提高绿地服务便捷程度。 相似文献
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防灾绿地公园作为防灾避难场所,在城市规划具有一般公园和防灾公园的双重功能,所以许多时候需要注意进行＂平灾结合＂的场所设计,只有完善的防灾设施才能相对于更大化的保证人民灾时避难的安全。防灾绿地公园在国家防灾系统中占有重要的地位,防灾绿地公园除了需要具有规划、卫生、通信等方面基本的机能体系要求,还需要在公园规划方面进行防灾专业方面的设计与研究。文章对防灾绿地公园的机能体系做了较深的分析和研究,对比国内外一些防灾体系,提出重要论证,尤其是提出在防灾绿地公园方面需要多进行民主的场所使用普及问题。 相似文献
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随着我国城市化的发展，城市公园已成为我国精神文明的重要标志，对城市居民的生活有着举足轻重的意义，是人居环境建设的重要环节。人们对公园绿地的要求也不再局限于衡量其数量和人均面积，而是更加关注城市公园绿地布局的合理性，居民能否快速便捷地进入公园进行活动。本研究从目前评价公园绿地空间布局合理性的重要指标——可达性入手，结合公园出入口POI数据，居住设施POI数据和道路网数据，基于3种不同的出行方式，通过网络分析法，使用ArcGIS分别对天津市中心六个行政区内的公园进行可达性及服务能力的评价。研究发现，整体公园绿地空间分布较不均衡，且存在公园分布与居民点分布不相匹配的情况，从分析结果来看，机动车可达性>非机动车可达性>步行可达性，进而根据研究结果对城市公园建设布局和未来城市公园绿地建设的选址问题提出优化策略和建议。 相似文献
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城市综合防灾避险空间结构体系优化初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从我国城市综合防灾避险存在的问题出发,并借鉴日本首都圈空间结构模式,从城市功能空间布局、防灾避险交通体系和防灾避险绿地体系等方面提出了城市综合防灾避险空间结构体系优化模式。 相似文献
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喀斯特山地城市绿地景观格局分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《北方园艺》2020,(3)
以铜仁市中心城区的土地利用现状图为基本信息源,借助GIS技术,建立绿地景观空间数据库,并利用Fragstats软件计算相关的景观格局指数。在对现有的铜仁市绿地景观格局定量分析的基础上,进行评价与建议。结果表明:铜仁市中心城区绿地总面积为1 267.59m~2,绿地率为29.55%,人均绿地面积为31.91m~2;各景观类型斑块边缘较为复杂,斑块比例和面积差异较大,分布不均;防护绿地和附属绿地破碎化程度较大,未能充分发挥生态作用;老城区公园绿地过于集中,而新区公园分布不均,可达性和利用率较低。建议在今后的城市绿地建设中,改善斑块类型,增加中、大型斑块数量,优化斑块布局,合理规划各类景观绿地,尤其注重道路绿化与山体绿地的开发利用,使绿地斑块之间的生态流动性加强,服务半径增大,空间分布更趋于合理。 相似文献
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Urbanization in China has changed gradually from production-oriented to consumption-oriented in recent years. Comfort and accessibility of green infrastructures effect the rate of urbanization and transformation. A well designed urban green space system is an essential part of the urbanization process. In this paper, the urban green space of Lengshuijiang city was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively using data of field survey and high resolution remote sensing. In the study area, green space coverage was 37.14%, green space percentage was 33.45% and per capita park green space was 16.25 m2. The high green space coverage suggested that there were ample potentials for further urban transformation. Within a 30 min service radius of existing green space, total service area was 204.49 ha, which accounted for 16.26% of the study area. A high proportion of the green space was made up of urban parks which were unevenly distributed across the study area. A green space optimization strategy, aimed at improving green space quality and accessibility, was proposed. After optimization, total service areas within the 30 min service radius will increase to 492 ha (39.12%), an increase of 22.86%. Our study demonstrated that combining qualitative and quantitative methods is an effective and reliable way for green space assessment and reliable and can be used for urban green space planning and management for small resource-based cities like Lengshuijiang in its process of urban transformation. 相似文献
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Compared with public parks, residential quarter green space (RQGS) is a type of enclosed private green space that is located in residential areas and has higher visit frequency. Generally, in China residential areas with high housing prices have higher quality and more quantity of RQGS. Therefore, the differences in RQGS between residents with different socio-economic status may influence the equity of urban green space accessibility. However, due to the lack of data sources, few existing studies have taken RQGS into account as a part of urban green space supply resources. Based on multi-source geographic big data, this paper takes Shenzhen as the research area to explore the impact of RQGS on the spatial pattern and fair distribution of green space accessibility. The total green space accessibility (TGSA), which includes the accessibility of RQGS, and the public park accessibility (PPA) were calculated using the Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA). Using housing prices to indicate the income level of dwellers, bivariate Moran’s I and multiple regression were adopted to explore equity of urban green space accessibility. The main conclusions were: (1) The accessibility of green space increased by 27.97% on average after considering RQGS and ignoring RQGS could underestimate the accessibility of green space, particularly in the residential quarter with high housing prices near the city center. (2) The regression coefficients of housing prices with PPA and TGSA were 0.042 (p < 0.01) and 0.160 (p < 0.001), respectively, indicating that the advantages of high-income groups in RQGS may further exacerbate the inequity of urban green space accessibility. The research conclusions may provide a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial structure of green space in urban areas and ensuring the equitable distribution of green space. 相似文献
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Green space allocation aims to support the UNs sustainable development goals (SDGs) and to mitigate the conflicts between supply and demand. Previous studies have shown that the uneven distribution of populations and natural locations of green space results in environmental inequity. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on strategies for reducing mismatches of supply and demand by optimizing spatial patterns in highly dense cities. Developed urbanized areas are featured in fewer spaces for greening. In this study, we set three scenarios for coordinating the provision and demand of urban green spaces at a block scale. Taking the main city of Wuhan as an example, we apply the location-allocation model in order to identify potential sites for new green spaces. Then, the simulations of the three scenarios are used to depict various development strategies by evaluating the improvement of green equity. Our results show that the levels of green space accessibility are lower on the west side of the city center, while relatively higher on the east side, due to abundant natural resources. The Gini coefficient is 0.715, indicating unequal access for citizens to green space. Increasing green areas could enhance green equity, and the most effective way to allocate new increments is based on the accessibility. For developed cities, blocks with lower accessibility should be given priority when increasing green areas; doing so could offset the shortage of large green areas and reduce green inequity within daily walking distances. Optimal green space planning of small and functional parks near communities has the potential to meet higher recreational demands in densely populated areas. 相似文献
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Parks are recognised as important elements of urban green infrastructure and for providing many benefits to city residents. In countries where urban growth is unplanned and sprawling, green space provision falls behind, inadequate amounts are provided or spaces are not located in the most effective places. Tehran, the capital of Iran, has experienced huge growth in population and corresponding sprawl in recent years. There has been no study of the effectiveness of parks as part of the range of green spaces in the city − their location, accessibility within the urban structure, relationship to the socio-demographic character of the population, amount per capita or quality and condition. Using a combination of existing data supplemented by new data from site surveys, this study firstly looked at the citywide scale of public open space in relation to population and socio-economic patterns. Second, a representative sample of 16 parks was examined in terms of their accessibility within the urban street structure using space syntax. The syntactical results were correlated with several different aspects of each park collected and rated on a 1–5 scale. The results showed a wide range of availability of parks with no specific pattern related to whether the district is better off or poor. The data on green space per district was often heavily biased by the presence of large areas of forest park or non-recreational land which gives a false picture.Many of the best parks are poorly integrated into the street network and found in the better off districts yet are very popular because they are “destination” parks in cooler, hilly areas. Poorly integrated parks in the inner city districts tended to show lower levels of maintenance, were often little used and had vandalism. Much more attention is needed to provide green space in an equitable way. 相似文献
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Regular access to natural environment has many physical and mental health benefits for urban residents. This study was to evaluate the accessibility of urban parks and waterfronts in a Chinese canal city at the household level. Shaoxing, a typical canal town in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, was selected as the case study because of its abundant but underused natural resources. The study had measured the shortest travel routes from individual households to parks and waterfronts using data from the online map service and intensive fieldwork. The results showed that only 22% of Shaoxing residents live within a 500 m walking distance to parks, but scenario analysis showed if the canals were well used, almost all the residents would have access to natural environment within 15 min’ walk. Thus, the route-based accessibility evaluation method developed in this research offers a fine-grained understanding of household inequality in access to natural environments. It not only provides specific recommendations for planning intervention to improve the accessibility of natural resources in Shaoxing, but also contributes to the advancement of accessibility measures for planning practice. This route-based measure makes it possible to combine other accessibility measures of the travel routes such as sidewalk qualities in future research. The simplicity of this method means that it can be used to evaluate accessibility to other public facilities at the household level to develop walkable neighborhoods in cities. 相似文献
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Spatial impacts of multimodal accessibility to green spaces on housing price in Cook County,Illinois
This study explores the impacts of multimodal accessibility to green space on housing price. Quantifying the benefits of green space accessibility is important for supporting green infrastructure planning and guiding land use development. In this study, we calculate multimodal travel times (walking and driving) from each residential property in Cook County (Chicago metro), Illinois to each articulated (public or significant private) green space. A gravity-model based method is used to compute accessibility (by travel mode), which considers the access to multiple green spaces and weights prioritization. Green spaces are divided into seven categories depending on their type and size to differentiate their potential benefits. Hedonic models using housing structural features, locational attributes, socio-economic factors and green space accessibility as explanatory variables, are used to evaluate housing price (using housing transactions records from 2010 sales in the county). The spatial effects of green space accessibilities on housing prices are explored by an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with and without fixed locational effects, and a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Results show walking and driving accessibility to all sizes of recreational, medium conversational and private green spaces present positive impacts on housing price, with some negative impacts to larger (and smaller) conservation areas. The relationship also exhibits different heterogeneous spatial pattern over the study area between walking and driving accessibility to green space, possibly related to economic variation. 相似文献
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The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) at the beginning of 2020 has restricted the human population indoor with some allowance for recreation in green spaces for social interaction and daily exercise. Understanding and measuring the risk of COVID-19 infection during public urban green spaces (PUGS) visits is essential to reduce the spread of the virus and improve well-being. This study builds a data-fused risk assessment model to evaluate the risk of visiting the PUGS in London. Three parameters are used for risk evaluation: the number of new cases at the middle-layer super output area (MSOA) level, the accessibility of each public green space and the Indices of Multiple Deprivation at the lower-layer super output area (LSOA) level. The model assesses 1357 PUGS and identifies the risk in three levels, high, medium and low, according to the results of a two-step clustering analysis. The spatial variability of risk across the city is demonstrated in the evaluation. The evaluation of risk can provide a better metric to the decision-making at both the individual level, on deciding which green space to visit, and the borough level, on how to implement restricting measures on green space access. 相似文献
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Monitoring urban green space (UGS) indicators is key to assessing progress against the UNs sustainable development goals (SDGs). Within these indicators, measuring the provision of UGS as well as its accessibility is considered a major objective. However, neither the relationship between the two indicators, nor differences related to different types of UGS have been adequately evaluated. In this paper, these two indicators are calculated and analyzed for four size-based types of UGS and for 69 municipalities, which are part of the 16 regional capital cities of Chile. For the provision indicator, the average calculated over all municipalities does not reach the often proposed standard of 11 sq.m/inhab., but only 5.29 sq.m/inhab. Regarding the accessibility indicator, when a walking speed of 4 km/h is considered, the smaller residential green spaces have the highest accessibility (65 % of the population have access), but accessibility for larger GS is low. When a walking speed of 2 km/h is assumed, then accessibility drops to 29 %, 5 %, 5 % and 5 % respectively. We found that calculation results for the four types of UGS are statistically different, and therefore one type cannot replace another in case of monitoring: Higher UGS provision does not guarantee higher accessibility. 相似文献