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1.
Riesenbeck A 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(Z2):1-3
For more than 40 years, AI (artificial insemination) has been carried out with pigs. In some countries, it constitutes since the 1990 s the dominant procedure with piglet production to fertilize the sow. This procedure of insemination with fresh semen has become prevalent in all countries on a worldwide basis with an important pig meat production, with the exception of China. Meanwhile, up to 90% of the sows have been artificially inseminated. The trend is still upwards. As the need of pig meat and thus the production continues to increase, one can proceed on the assumption that the number of semen doses, which is necessary for this procedure, will likewise increase correspondingly. Until now, the trade beyond borders has only been marginal. An improvement in the sense of a longer shelf life for semen doses is indispensable for the trade over longer distances. 相似文献
2.
孙根泽 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(5):157-158
奶牛人工授精是以人工方法,采用机械手段采集优质种公牛的精液,再经过机械手段将特定处理后的精液输入母牛生殖道的一种生产技术方式。人工授精操作能极大减少种公牛的养殖数量,节约养殖成本,提高优质种公牛的利用效率,加快品种改良进程,促进育种工作的开展。但由于奶牛人工受精是一个侵入性的操作,一旦操作不合理或者各个细节把握不完善,会造成繁殖母牛出现严重的繁殖障碍,降低母牛的受胎率,不利于提高品种改良和扩大养殖效益。该文主要论述奶牛人工受精受胎率的影响因素,提出相应的改进措施。 相似文献
3.
对定西西泰养殖有限公司猪的人工授精操作过程所用的方法、设施设备、操作技术等问题进行分析。手握法是对公猪采精的最简单方便的方法,目前本公司建立三元杂交繁育体系生产商品肉猪,既提高了制种效率,也充分发挥了公母猪的生产潜力,对原精液精子数为2亿/mL的精子作1:1或1:0.8稀释,连续输精三次,间隔8h每次输精80mL,同时准确而有效的做好发情鉴定工作,对于提高受胎率将有很大的作用;特别是应用繁殖节律的调控技术对工厂化养猪实行"全进全出",对提高猪场经济效益有很大的帮助。 相似文献
4.
A 3-year study was carried out to evaluate male and female effects on the efficiency of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. The semen of different bulls used for artificial insemination was tested for the in vitro production of transferable blastocysts. The fertilization capacity was recorded for each bull. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro, fertilized with frozen/thawed semen of 63 individual bulls and cultured during 8 days. The semen of one bull was used as control. The percentage of cleavage (36.3-93.4%) and blastocysts on day 7 (6.9-51.2%) varied from bull to bull. Despite high variability, blastocysts were produced with the semen of all bulls in the first trial. Moreover, oocytes fertilized with 85% of tested bulls reached a blastocyst rate not different to the control bull. The correlation coefficients of six bulls showed no significant male effect but an influence of oocytes on the cleavage rate (F-value 0.38, P > 0.05, and 12.4, P < 0.001, respectively). The development to blastocysts on day 7 was significantly influenced by sperms and also oocytes and session (P < 0.01), but no combined interaction was observed between female and male. It is concluded that transferable embryos can be produced in vitro in the first trial with frozen/thawed semen of 63 tested bulls. The results show different capacities of bulls to produce embryos and high male and female effects on the efficiency of an IVF programme. 相似文献
5.
The sanitary and economic impact of BLV infection is associated with the interference in the international movement of cattle and their germ plasm. Although experimental data support the improbability that semen from BLV-positive bulls could infect recipient cows, restriction for commercialization of semen from infected animals is still present. The objective of this work was to standardize a PCR assay to diagnose the presence of BLV genome in frozen semen samples. The developed methodology involves the amplification of an internal fragment of gag gene. The limit of detection of this technique was six viral particles, using gag-PCR followed by hybridization analysis. Frozen semen samples from seropositive bulls were analyzed. It was possible to detect proviral DNA in 9 out of 173 samples. Additionally, a biological test in susceptible sheep was performed in order to evaluate the transmission of BLV genome by semen from seropositive animals. This data strongly suggest that semen from seropositive bulls that resulted negative by PCR can be used for artificial insemination (AI), accompanied by proper collection protocols. The development of this PCR assay constitutes a valuable diagnostic tool to determine the BLV-free status of frozen semen samples used for AI. 相似文献
6.
Burger RA Nelson PD Kelly-Quagliana K Coats KS 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):816-819
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection could be detected in spermatozoa, blood leukocytes, or semen leukocytes from stud bulls in artificial insemination centers. ANIMALS: 30 bulls at 3 artificial insemination centers. PROCEDURE: Polymerase chain reaction testing that used 3 sets of primer pairs targeting pol and env regions of the BIV proviral genome was performed on DNA extracted from semen leukocytes, spermatozoa, and blood leukocytes from each bull. Southern blot analysis was performed to increase sensitivity of detection. Western blot analysis of plasma samples was used to detect antibodies against BIV. RESULTS: BIV provirus was not detected in DNA samples obtained from semen leukocytes, spermatozoa, or blood leukocytes, and antibodies against BIV were not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Contrary to our report of high point prevalence of BIV contamination of semen from a single artificial insemination center, bulls of the study reported here did not appear to be infected. Maximum risk of BIV infection in similar bulls was estimated at 10% with a confidence level of 95%. 相似文献
7.
Semen collected from clinically healthy bulls at an artificial insemination centre was examined for bacterial diversity. While bacteria that are normally present in the common flora of bovine semen were absent, such as Mycoplasma sp., Proteus sp. and Corynebacterium sp., all semen samples contained an unusually high number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Analysis via pulsed field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that one particular P. aeruginosa strain, present in a sealed bottle of lubricant, was widespread in bull semen. This strain was shown to secrete substances that inhibited both the growth of bacteria constituting the normal bull sperm flora and the motility of spermatozoa in vitro. This study demonstrated that commercially available lubricants might contain bacteria that can spread amongst breeding bulls and affect the quality of semen. Bacteriological controls and species’ identification are necessary at several production levels, including lubricants and extenders, to ensure high semen quality and avoid the spread of pathogens. 相似文献
8.
种公牛的饲养管理技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
种公牛是提高牛群质量最关健的因素,一头种公牛自然交配,与配母牛一年大约几百头。利用人工授精技术每年比本交能增加几倍。而用牛冷冻精液结合人工授精技术进行冷配每年配种母牛数量少则上万头,多则几万头。本文从饲养种公牛的基本要求出发,对种公牛的特性,营养与日常饲养管理、防疫和疾病防治,以及安全生产多方面做了整理介绍,以供同行参考。 相似文献
9.
Staubli D Iten C Kneubühler J Sager H Müller N Gottstein B 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2006,148(9):483-489
Neospora caninum represents one of the most frequent abortifaciant organisms worldwide. The parasite is diaplacentally transmitted from the pregnant cow to the fetus, where it normally leads to the delivery of a healthy, however persistently infected calf. Abortion thus is a relative rare event. The transmission of bovine neosporosis occurs in more than 90% of the cases vertically due to the endogenous reactivation of a persistently infected mother. Exogenous infections are therefore responsible for less than 10% of the cases.The question arises about which infection sources may be relevant in this context. In Switzerland, the role of dogs as definitive hosts has been shown to be of low significance in that respect. Recently, discussion focused on the potential of infectious bull semen following natural or artificial insemination. Thus, a few years ago a report documented the detectability of N. caninum-DNA in the semen of naturally infected bulls by nested-PCR. As a consequence, we decided to gain own experience by investigating 5 separate semen specimens per animal, originating from 20 N. caninum-seropositive bulls used for artificial insemination in Switzerland. All probes turned out to be negative by nested PCR. Based upon our laboratory experiences, the potential bull semen-associated Neospora-problem seems not to affect the Swiss bull population, thus there is no evidence to include further respective means of control. 相似文献
10.
随着人工授精技术和精液冷冻技术的发展,极大地提高了种公牛的利用率,减少了种公牛的饲养数量,但对种公牛的质量提出了更高要求。优秀的种公牛要具备充沛的精力、健壮的体格、优良性状的稳定遗传,并能够产生大量高品质精液。种公牛的生育能力是由遗传因素和环境因素共同决定的,环境因素主要包括营养、健康状况以及饲养管理。饲养管理的科学性和规范性在优秀种公牛培育中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了种公牛的选择方法、国家有关种畜禽饲养的相关条例以及国内种公牛培育现状,从种公牛营养需求、科学管理等方面,分析种公牛饲养管理的重要影响因素,探讨提高种公牛饲养管理水平的具体措施。 相似文献
11.
Epidemiological investigations implicated the semen of artificial insemination (ai) bulls as the only plausible source of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in 10 Finnish dairy herds. The infection was traced back to two northern Finncattle bulls that had been transiently infected when their semen had been collected while they were in a gene bank herd containing persistently infected (pi) animals. The isolates of bvdv from the animals in the gene bank herd, from the semen of the two bulls and from a pi calf born in one of the herds using the semen belonged to a rare genetic type in Finland and, on the basis of the nucleotide sequences in the 5' untranslated region, were identical. Cross-contamination of batches of semen at the ai station and an external source of bvdv were ruled out for the recipient herds. It was concluded that bvdv infection can be transmitted through the semen of transiently infected bulls under field conditions. 相似文献
12.
13.
A semen analyser (Lazymot), was used to evaluate post-thaw motilities in 296 batches of semen from 74 Ayrshire bulls used for artificial insemination (AI). Motility was also assessed subjectively. A significant correlation was observed between assessments of motility using the Lazymot analyser and the subjective assessments. There was no correlation between post-thaw motility assessments and non-return rates in relation to the batches examined, which met Finnish criteria for use in AI. This suggests that criteria for post-thaw semen motility should not be increased beyond the present requirement for 40% motile spermatozoa. 相似文献
14.
Effect of acrosomal defects on fertility of bulls used in artificial insemination and natural breeding 
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下载免费PDF全文 Meyer RA Barth AD 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2001,42(8):627-4
Four bulls that produced spermatozoa with a high percentage of abnormal acrosomes were individually placed in pens with females for 21 days. Frozen semen from 2 of the bulls was used for artificial insemination. One of the bulls was placed in a competitive mating situation with normal bulls at pasture. First service pregnancy rates were determined by transrectal ultrasonography 28 days after bull removal from breeding pens, or after the last artificial insemination. The results of competitive mating at pasture were determined from breeding observations, the phenotypic characteristics of calves sired, and blood typing for parentage. The results of these studies suggest that bulls that produce a high percentage of spermatozoa with indented acrosomes may have normal fertility when used in artificial insemination or in single sire mating; however, their fertility may be low when breeding competitively with bulls with normal spermiograms. 相似文献
15.
Hamilton-West C Rojas H Pinto J Orozco J Hervé-Claude LP Urcelay S 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):121-124
Backyard poultry production systems (BPS) are an important and widespread form of poultry production. There is a common perception that biosecurity standards in BPS are generally poor and BPS are usually associated with animal diseases and zoonoses. In this study BPS were identified in the vicinity of six wetlands, having these a higher risk of presenting and introducing avian diseases such as HPAI and Newcastle disease, as defined by the national veterinary services, in to Chile's main poultry production area. BPS were characterized through a field questionnaire and the main areas covered by the survey were BPS structure, biosecurity and value chain. The BPS identified in this study share most characteristics on biosecurity, poultry management and product commercialization, but it was possible to identify a certain degree of variation within and among the study sites. BPS in Chile are similar to those in other regions, with a relatively small flock size (average 37 birds), a low level of biosecurity measures and lack of poultry disease management. Management findings include that most farmers used mixed/partial confinement, with low or no biosecurity and disease control measures in place. Eggs were the main output and were used mainly for home consumption or sale at local markets. Sick birds' treatment with drugs approved for other species or for human use could represent a risk to human health, owing to the possible presence of drug residues in poultry products. Despite the different structures of the poultry sector worldwide, BPS can play a major role in disease maintenance and spread because its management conditions characteristics and the lack of animal health services adapted to these production systems. This should be an alert message to the veterinary authorities to improve coverage of veterinary assistance and surveillance activities in backyard poultry production. 相似文献
16.
D R Monke 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(8):823-826
An opportunity for study of the potential role of semen in the transmission of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) was provided when a Jersey herd was found to be BLV-seronegative. This was a closed herd; new genetic material had been introduced by artificial insemination (AI), using semen collected and processed at 7 AI centers in the United States. Of 66 donor bulls from which semen had been collected for AI use in the herd during the 5 years the herd remained seronegative, 24 were consistently BLV-seropositive and 2 became seropositive for BLV during the study. Semen collected from the BLV-seropositive bulls accounted for 1,019 semen units, representing 48.3% of the semen purchased. The maintenance of BLV seronegativity in this herd for 5 years, when semen from BLV-seropositive bulls was used for AI, provided evidence for the lack of infectivity of BLV in bovine semen. 相似文献
17.
C Linde-Forsberg 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1991,21(3):467-485
Successful artificial insemination in the dog requires good timing of the insemination, skilled collection and handling of the semen, and mastering of insemination techniques. The bitch should be inseminated late in estrus. The insemination dose should contain at least 150 to 200 x 10(6) spermatozoa. Fresh semen can be inseminated vaginally, whereas frozen-thawed semen should be inseminated into the uterus. Pregnancy rates of 84% with fresh semen and 69% with frozen semen are reported. 相似文献
18.
Previous observations on the dissemination of Coxiella burnetii between laboratory animals strongly support the hypothesis of venereal transmission. Serum and semen samples, from 57 bulls used for artificial insemination, were assayed for specific C. burnetii phase 11 antibodies and the presence of the organism respectively. Viable C. burnetii were detected in the semen of seropositive bulls. These findings indicate the possibility of sexual transmission of C. burnetii between cattle and further our knowledge of the epidemiology of the organism. The procedures used for investigations into the source of infection and route of transmission should be modified to take these findings into account. 相似文献
19.
选择在广州地区亚热带气候条件下2岁～6岁的娟姗公牛5头,观察其精液品质(采精量、原精密度、原精活力以及细管精液产量)在全年不同月份的变化情况.结果表明:娟姗公牛的每次采精量和细管精液产量在气温较高的7～9月份会因为采精频率的减少而增加,10月份会因为周采精频率增加而使每次采精量和细管精液产量有明显减少;娟姗公牛的原精密度在气温适宜的2月份和采精频率较低的8月份会出现两个高峰值;娟姗公牛的原精活力在气温较高的月份会出现明显的下降趋势,2月份气温适宜时原精活力最好. 相似文献
20.
Hernández-Jover M Gilmour J Schembri N Sysak T Holyoake PK Beilin R Toribio JA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(3-4):258-270
Extension and communication needs amongst small-scale pig producers, described as pig producers with less than 100 sows, have been previously identified. These producers, who are believed to pose a biosecurity risk to commercial livestock industries, are characterized by a lack of formal networks, mistrust of authorities, poor disease reporting behaviour and motivational diversity, and reliance on other producers, veterinarians and family for pig health and production advice. This paper applies stakeholder identification and analysis tools to determine stakeholders' influence and interest on pig producers' practices. Findings can inform a risk communication process and the development of an extension framework to increase producers' engagement with industry and their compliance with biosecurity standards and legislation in Australia. The process included identification of stakeholders, their issues of concerns regarding small-scale pig producers and biosecurity and their influence and interest in each of these issues. This exercise identified the capacity of different stakeholders to influence the outcomes for each issue and assessed their success or failure to do so. The disconnection identified between the level of interest and influence suggests that government and industry need to work with the small-scale pig producers and with those who have the capacity to influence them. Successful biosecurity risk management will depend on shared responsibility and building trust amongst stakeholders. Flow-on effects may include legitimating the importance of reporting and compliance systems and the co-management of risk. Compliance of small-scale pig producers with biosecurity industry standards and legislation will reduce the risks of entry and spread of exotic diseases in Australia. 相似文献