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1.
对广西芒果树叶片苔藓的发生情况及防治药剂进行了初步研究?调查了广西芒果主产区的南宁市(武鸣区?兴宁区)和百色市(田东县?田阳县?田林县和右江区)?在南宁市开展4种药剂的18种不同浓度或者配比组合的药剂筛选试验?结果表明, 南宁市芒果树叶片平均发病率达到88.5%, 右江区发病率为81.7%, 其后依次为田东县?田林县和田阳县, 发病率分别为56.1%?54.8%和34.2%?通过不同药剂及其不同配比药效试验, 80%乙蒜素乳油的防效极显著优于46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂?32%唑酮·乙蒜素乳油和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂?80%乙蒜素乳油500倍液?1 000倍液和1 500倍液的防效分别为93.37%?85.82%和51.85%?综上, 芒果树叶片苔藓已在广西全区普遍发生, 南宁市和右江区受害严重, 推荐使用80%乙蒜素乳油1 000倍液防治?  相似文献   

2.
为提高宁夏桃园布局合理性及霜冻监测预测、评估和防御能力，以‘华玉’和‘瑞光39号’桃品种为研究对象，采用野外霜冻试验箱模拟低温环境，于2022年4—5月开展霜冻原位试验，于盛花期、豆果期和幼果期各设置4个处理温度，分别持续0.5 h,以自然状态下的花朵和幼果为对照，跟踪调查不同低温处理下2个桃品种各发育期的受冻率，并结合室内显微观测及过冷却点，最终确定宁夏2个桃品种花(幼果)的霜冻等级指标。原位霜冻模拟试验结果表明，果树受冻害温度可能略高于其过冷却点。桃不同发育期霜冻指标有显著差异，桃抗冻能力开花期>豆果期>幼果期。不同品种抗冻能力差异显著，开花期‘瑞光39号’与‘华玉’抗冻能力基本相当，但豆果期和幼果期其抗冻能力明显弱于‘华玉’。‘华玉’豆果在-1.10℃时轻度受冻，在-2.68℃重度受冻，而‘瑞光39号’在-0.96℃时轻度受冻，低于-2.16℃低温时重度受冻。‘华玉’幼果在-1.75～-0.48℃轻度受冻，低于-2.40℃则重度受冻；‘瑞光39号’幼果在温度达到-0.52℃时轻度受冻，遇-1.41℃低温则遭受重度受冻。  相似文献   

3.
胶东半岛绿盲蝽为害果树严重   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
绿盲蝽(Lygus lucorum)是山东棉区重要害虫之一,非棉区也常见于田间、路边、沟旁。近年来,严重为害果树,并逐年加重,尤其是胶东沿海某些果园,1991年5月下旬在乳山、文登、海阳、莱阳等地调查:苹果新梢受害率达84.5％、巴梨幼果受害率达80.2％、桃幼果受害率达63.3％。 该虫在胶东年发生4—5代,以卵在果树的顶芽鳞片内越冬,果树花序分离期越冬卵  相似文献   

4.
杧小果普瘿蚊发生为害情况与全程防控技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文主要调查研究了新型害虫杧小果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia fructiculi Jiao,Wang,BuKolesik)的发生为害情况及其全程防控技术。结果表明,杧小果普瘿蚊为害主要集中在12月中旬至翌年4月下旬的杧果初花期至幼果形成期,主要以幼虫为害嫩梢、花梗、花蕾和幼果。为害严重的果园幼果最高受害率在90%以上。不同品种受害程度有较大差异。主栽品种中,台农1号杧幼果最高受害率为91.53%,其次是桂热杧82号和桂热杧10号,最高受害率达80%以上,金煌杧和贵妃杧受害率在1%以下。45%毒死蜱乳油1 500倍液、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂3 000倍液和20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂2 000倍液对杧小果普瘿蚊的田间防效均稳定在70%以上;翻耕+地面施药+地面防草席全覆盖+初花期施药3次综合防控措施防效达95.35%;冬季清园+挂黄板+初花期施药3次综合防控措施防效达86%以上,初步集成了杧小果普瘿蚊田间综合防控措施。  相似文献   

5.
我国芒果树蓟马种类记述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
陈泽坦 《植物保护》2004,30(4):88-89
芒果由于其特有的品味和营养价值日益受到人们的青睐,现正作为一种重要的热带水果大量种植.据统计我国海南、广东、广西、云南、福建等省(区)芒果种植面积已达12万hm2.蓟马是一种体型微小、繁殖迅速的昆虫,其危害芒果嫩叶、嫩梢,致使其弯曲、皱缩甚至枯萎落叶.芒果幼果受其危害,轻者引起幼果生长缓慢,果面产生黑褐疤痕,果实失去食用价值,造成经济损失;重者引起幼果脱落,果园绝收.由于滥施农药,破坏了天敌自然控制,致使原为潜伏性的芒果蓟马,近年相继上升为芒果重要害虫.本文记述芒果蓟马的种类、分布及其危害和发生习性,为防治提供依据.  相似文献   

6.
罗明荣 《植物保护》1991,17(1):25-26
芒果扁喙叶蝉(Idioscopus incertus(Baker)是广西右江河谷地区芒果的主要害虫之一。近年来随着芒果种植业的发展,此虫的为害日趋严重。据1986年3月对田东、田阳、百色3县(市)23个果园总面积为179.6亩的抽样调查,受害面积148.5亩,占调查面积的82.68％,其中因受害严重导致完全失收的23亩,占12.8％。为此,我们于1986—1987年,对芒果扁喙叶蝉进行了观察和防治试验。现将结果整理如下: 一.发生及其习性观察 (一).发生世代及其周年消长动态 据1986—1987年两年的室内饲养观察,  相似文献   

7.
在我国蓝莓是重要的浆果类作物, 而铃木氏果蝇对蓝莓的为害特征及为害程度尚无报道?本研究通过诱捕器监测蓝莓园中成虫的种群发生动态, 并采用随机取样法每周调查‘瑞卡’‘北陆’‘美登’和‘蓝金’4个蓝莓品种的果实受害率, 同时研究了受害果实内幼虫取食为害蓝莓的持续期?在连续13周的诱捕调查中, 共捕获到9 999头铃木氏果蝇, 其诱捕高峰期是8月22日, 首次诱捕到成虫是7月13日, 而通过采样首次调查到受害果是7月24日?表明诱捕器能够有效监测铃木氏果蝇的种群动态变化, 并提前11 d预警果实受害?各品种果实成熟初期受害率均很低?仅为0~2%, 然而随着果实成熟度增加受害率均明显增加, 其中‘美登’受害率最低为34%, 而其他3个品种的受害率均高于80%, ‘蓝金’最高, 达90%?25℃条件下, 铃木氏果蝇所产卵次日即发育为幼虫, 且持续8 d后仍为幼虫在果实内为害, 可见蓝莓果实一旦被害即使采摘也无法避免损失?  相似文献   

8.
本研究比较了4个枸杞品种3个成熟阶段果实中的糖分含量,并分析了糖分之间的相关性。结果表明:随着果实的逐步成熟,枸杞果实中的总糖、多糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量逐渐增多;幼果期果实中的总糖、多糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量差异不明显,但色变期是不同枸杞品种果实糖分积累出现差异的关键时期;成熟果实中,‘宁农杞4号’和‘宁农杞5号’的总糖含量明显高于‘宁杞1号’和‘宁夏黄果’;‘宁农杞4号’和‘宁夏黄果’果实中枸杞多糖含量在成熟期达最大值,而‘宁农杞5号’和‘宁杞1号’在色变期达最大值;黄果枸杞在幼果期和色变期果实中的葡萄糖含量明显高于红果枸杞,为黄果枸杞在糖组分方面区别于红果枸杞的主要特征;枸杞果实中,枸杞多糖与果糖之间、果糖与葡萄糖之间存在显著正相关关系,其它各糖分间不具相关性。  相似文献   

9.
近年来,广西番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCD)发生较为严重,病原也比较复杂(发现4种病毒且存在复合侵染现象),对广西的番茄生产造成了很大威胁,种植抗病品种是防治该病的关键措施。本研究对中国农科院蔬菜花卉所、上海市农科院园艺所、浙江省农科院蔬菜所、江苏省农科院蔬菜所、北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心和广西大学提供的43份抗TYLCD番茄品种在广西南宁的自然抗病性进行了评价。采用自然诱发的方法,病圃的番茄混合感染中国番茄曲叶病毒与中国番木瓜曲叶病毒。试验结果表明,表现高抗的品种有‘浙红3号’、‘浙红4号’、‘K22’、‘K64’等8个番茄品种,表现抗病和中抗的品种有‘红贝贝’、‘春展56’等25个品种,表现感病的品种有‘樱红1号’、‘K6’等5个品种,表现高感的品种有‘金陵佳玉’、‘苏粉11号’等5个品种。本试验结果为抗病番茄品种在广西乃至全国的推广和布局提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
百色是广西杧果的主要产区。文章对广西百色的右江区、田阳县和田东县各2个具有代表性的杧果种植园进行杧果炭疽病调查，发病率分别是23．7％、26．4％、14．8％、13．7％、18．4％和19．8％，病情指数分别是9．36、10．44、7．13、6．39、11．47和13．18。初步明确其发生概况，为防治病害提供参考依据。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

14.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

15.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

16.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

17.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

18.
Zusammenfassung Herbizidresistente Kulturpflanzen nehmen unter den derzeit weltweit angebauten gentechnisch veränderten Ackerbaukulturen Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Raps und Mais den weit überwiegenden Anteil ein. Als Ursachen für die rasche Zunahme der Anbauflächen herbizidresistenter Sorten sind unter anderem die Unzulänglichkeiten der für diese Kulturen bestehenden Herbizidlösungen sowie die Zunahme der pfluglosen Bestellverfahren zu sehen. Im Gegenzug hat die Minimalbodenbearbeitung aufgrund der Einführung der Herbizidresistenztechnologie, insbesondere in Sojabohne, ein ausgeprägtes Flächenwachstum erfahren.Als Entscheidungskriterien für die Wahl des Unkrautbekämpfungssystems unter Einbezug des Anbaus herbizidresistenter oder konventioneller Sorten lassen sich aus den Erfahrungen der vergangenen 8 Jahre anführen: Sortenleistung, erhöhte Kulturverträglichkeit und zeitliche Anwendungsflexibilität, Wirkungssicherheit einer Nachauflaufbehandlung in Trockenregionen, Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungsdauer und Bekämpfung resistenter Unkrautbiotypen. Aufgrund fehlender Zulassungen und Kennzeichnungsvorschriften in wichtigen Exportmärkten sind für den Anbau transgener Sorten in Übersee auch Vermarktungseinschränkungen sowie für den Anbau in Europa Haftungs- und Koexistenzregeln wichtige einzelbetriebliche Entscheidungsparameter.Fortschritte erfährt die Herbizidresistenztechnologie kurz- und mittelfristig in der Weiterentwicklung bereits praktizierter Spritzfolgen und Tankmischungen zu Fertigformulierungen der Komplementärherbizide mit residualen Partnern. Zur Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung der Ausbreitung neuer herbizidresistenter Biotypen werden die Komplementärherbizide mit Partnern anderer Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Weitere Entwicklungen sind die Kombination verschiedener transgener Merkmale mit der Herbizidresistenz sowie die Ausweitung von den derzeit dominierenden Kulturen auf weltweit weniger bedeutsame Kulturen, in denen die Entwicklung neuer konventioneller Herbizidwirkstoffe bisher wenig erfolgreich war oder im Verhältnis zum Aufwand nur bedingt attraktiv ist. Für die langfristige Entwicklung könnte die Plastidentransformation zur Verhinderung einer unerwünschten Ausbreitung transgener Merkmale Bedeutung erlangen.  相似文献   

19.
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots. F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization.  相似文献   

20.
Data from surveys of winter wheat fields in the period 1974–1986 and of seed lots in the period 1962–1986 and identifications of diseases on plant samples were compiled to describe the occurrence of snow mould (Monographella nivalis) andFusarium spp. On average,M. nivalis dominated overFusarium spp. The complex ofFusarium spp. constituted mainly ofF. culmorum, followed byF. avenaceum andF. graminearum. M. nivalis was dominant in May on stem-bases and in July on leaves and leaf sheaths. On seedsM. nivalis predominated only in years with low temperatures in July and August.Average brown footrot infection in the field was 4% tillers in May and 5% culms in July. Brown footrot intensity in July was high in cropping seasons with high precipitation in October and with low temperatures in October, November and December. In July during the early eighties, an average of 8% of leaves and 6% of flag leaf sheaths were infected byM. nivalis. Average ear blight incidence was 1.2% glumes infected. Seed contamination by these pathogens averaged 16% in the years 1962–1986. The contamination was high in years with high precipitation in June, July and August. Aspects of cv. resistance and yield loss are illustrated.  相似文献   

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