共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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表观遗传修饰是一种不依赖于DNA序列变化的可逆、可遗传修饰，在哺乳动物胚胎发育的整个阶段均可发生，是影响哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率的主要因素之一。其中，DNA甲基化、组蛋白的动态修饰、X染色体失活、端粒与端粒酶活性变化作为常见的表观遗传修饰类型，任一修饰形式的异常都会影响基因的表达，引发体细胞重编程错误导致核移植效率降低。近年来，随着体细胞核移植技术研究的不断深入，表观遗传修饰影响体细胞核移植效率的关键作用机制日益明确。本文通过综述不同类型的表观遗传修饰影响哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率的研究进展，以期在表观遗传修饰层面为提高哺乳动物体细胞核移植效率提供新思路。 相似文献
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对于用体细胞核移植克隆的动物是否早衰 ,科学界已经争论了好几年。人们对克隆动物体细胞染色体端粒 (作为细胞寿命的一种标志 )长短的报道也不一致。最近 ,日本的科研人员以克隆小鼠为动物模型 ,对克隆动物的寿命首次作了直接的研究。它们比较了 12只克隆的雄性小鼠与 7只通过 相似文献
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体细胞核完全的重编程是成功生产克隆动物的先决条件,体细胞核的不完全重编程是克隆动物发育异常的主要原因.本文主要通过对DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、端粒、X染色体失活和印记基因表达几个方面的论述,来探讨造成克隆动物发育异常的原因. 相似文献
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美国洛克菲勒大学的科学家在培育出连续6代克隆鼠后认为,克隆动物的染色体端粒不一定比正常动物更短,因而未必会早衰。克隆技术是否会导致健康方面的缺陷,还需要做进一步研究。 端粒是染色体末端具有保护作用的末梢,其长度一般会随细胞不断分裂而逐渐缩短。当端粒短到一定临界长度后,细胞就不再分裂而走向死亡。1999年,英国科学家发现克隆羊多利的染色体端粒比同年龄普通绵羊更短,这使人们担心克隆技术会导致动物早衰。 美国科学家在最近出版的英国《自然》杂志上报告说,他们采用细胞核移植技术,用成年鼠的体细胞培育克隆鼠,并在… 相似文献
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植物衰老和种子劣变机理的研究一直是农业科学领域关注的热点。植物衰老会对农业产生巨大的负面影响，牧草提前衰老也会导致草地生产力下降，限制草产业的发展。由于种子劣变，全球每年约有25%的种子失去活力，导致巨额的经济损失，严重影响农业的健康发展。深入揭示植物衰老特性和调控机制，不仅对于阐明植物生态适应性及种群稳定性具有重要价值，而且对于延缓衰老技术和调控措施的选择具有重要实践意义。在模式植物拟南芥研究中发现，染色体端粒与植物衰老以及种子活力密切相关。端粒是染色体末端的重复DNA序列，由端粒DNA和结合蛋白组成。端粒结合蛋白是一组与端粒DNA结合的蛋白质，主要是帮助稳定端粒结构并保护端粒免受DNA修复系统的干扰，其次还参与了基因表达、DNA复制和染色体结构调节等许多生物学过程。端粒酶由端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）和端粒酶RNA(TER)两个亚单位组成，端粒酶逆转录酶亚基参与线粒体功能以及相关基因表达调控，通过对端粒酶新功能的探索，有助于提高植物的抗逆性，从而延缓植物的衰老进程，为提高作物产量提供一条新的途径。近年来在植物中研究发现，端粒的动态变化与植物衰老存在相关性，植物端粒内稳态的维持机制仍存... 相似文献
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端粒和端粒酶与衰老关系的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
端粒是存在于线性染色体末端的一段特殊的DNA－蛋白质复合物，由于末端不能复制，正常体细胞随着细胞分裂的进行而逐渐丢失端粒序列，导致细胞老化和死亡。端粒酶是维持端粒长度的一种特殊的DNA聚合酶，在细胞的增殖、衰老及永生中起重要作用。本文就端粒和端粒酶及其与衰老的作一综述。 相似文献
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端粒位于真核生物染色体末端,它对维持染色体结构具有非常重要的意义。端粒酶能够以自身的RNA序列为模板反转录合成端粒的重复DNA序列,对端粒长度的维持以及哺乳动物的生长发育具有重要的作用。本文主要对端粒和端粒酶的结构和功能,以及它们在哺乳动物发育过程中的重要作用进行阐述。1端粒、端粒酶的结构和功能1.1端粒的结构和功能1.1.1端粒的结构:端粒位于真核生物染色体末端 相似文献
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真核细胞的衰老及凋亡与端粒DNA序列长度的缩短有关。端粒相关蛋白则可能通过调节端粒酶或其他相关因子的行为对端粒长度进行调控。目前端粒的长度可作为细胞衰老的生物学指标之一。文中综述了端粒的结构、功能、相关蛋白及其与细胞衰老的关系。 相似文献
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Miyashita N Kubo Y Yonai M Kaneyama K Saito N Sawai K Minamihashi A Suzuki T Kojima T Nagai T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(5):636-642
Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell, had shorter telomeres than age-matched controls and died at an early age because of disease. To investigate longevity and lifetime performance in cloned animals, we produced cloned cows with short telomeres using oviductal epithelial cells as donor cells. At 5 years of age, despite the presence of short telomeres, all cloned cows delivered multiple healthy offspring following artificial insemination with conventionally processed spermatozoa from noncloned bulls, and their milk production was comparable to that of donor cows. Moreover, this study revealed that the offspring had normal-length telomeres in their leukocytes and major organs. Thus, cloned animals have normal functional germ lines, and therefore germ line function can completely restore telomere lengths in clone gametes by telomerase activity, resulting in healthy offspring with normal-length telomeres. 相似文献
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Production efficiency and telomere length of the cloned pigs following serial somatic cell nuclear transfer 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kurome M Hisatomi H Matsumoto S Tomii R Ueno S Hiruma K Saito H Nakamura K Okumura K Matsumoto M Kaji Y Endo F Nagashima H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(4):254-258
The aim of the present study was to examine the production efficiency of cloned pigs by serial somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and to ascertain any changes in the telomere lengths of multiple generations of pigs. Using fetal fibroblasts as the starting nuclear donor cells, porcine salivary gland progenitor cells were collected from the resultant first-generation cloned pigs to successively produce second- and third-generation clones, with no significant differences in production efficiency, which ranged from 1.4% (2/140) to 3.3% (13/391) among the 3 generations. The average telomere lengths (terminal restriction fragment values) for the first, second and third generation clones were 16.3, 18.1 and 20.5 kb, respectively, and were comparable to those in age-matched controls. These findings suggest that third-generation cloned pigs can be produced by serial somatic cell cloning without compromising production efficiency and that the telomere lengths of cloned pigs from the first to third generations are normal. 相似文献
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Effects of donor cells’ sex on nuclear transfer efficiency and telomere lengths of cloned goats 
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下载免费PDF全文 H‐j Liu H Peng C‐c Hu X‐y Li J‐l Zhang Z Zheng W‐c Zhang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):789-794
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of donor cells’ sex on nuclear transfer efficiency and telomere length of cloned goats from adult skin fibroblast cells. The telomere length of somatic cell cloned goats and their offspring was determined by measuring their mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length. The result showed that (i) reconstructed embryos with fibroblast cells from males Boer goats obtained significantly higher kids rate and rate of live kids than those of female embryos and (ii) the telomere lengths of four female cloned goats were shorter compared to their donor cells, but five male cloned goats had the same telomere length with their donor cells, mainly due to great variation existed among them. The offspring from female cloned goats had the same telomere length with their age‐matched counterparts. In conclusion, the donor cells’ sex had significant effects on nuclear transfer efficiency and telomere lengths of cloned goats. 相似文献
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McKevitt TP Nasir L Wallis CV Argyle DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(12):1496-1499
OBJECTIVE: To investigate telomere lengths in tissues of domestic shorthair (DSH) cats of various ages, evaluate the relationship between telomere length and age of cats, and investigate telomerase activity in the somatic tissues of cats. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues obtained from 2 DSH cats and blood samples obtained from 30 DSH cats. PROCEDURE: DNA isolated from blood cells and somatic tissue samples was subjected to terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to determine mean telomere repeat lengths. Protein samples were subjected to analysis by use of a telomeric repeat-amplification protocol to assess telomerase activity. RESULTS: MeanTRF values of cats ranged from 4.7 to 26.3 kilobase pairs, and there was significant telomeric attrition with increasing age of cat. Telomerase activity was not found in a wide range of normal tissues obtained from 2 cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these results clearly indicates that telomeres are shorter in older cats, compared with young cats; therefore, telomeres are implicated in the aging process. The analysis of telomerase activity in normal somatic tissues of cats reveals a pattern of expression similar to that found in human tissues. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE: Fundamental differences in the biological characteristics of telomeres and telomerase exist between humans and the other most widely studied species (ie, mice). The results reported here reveal similarities in telomere and telomerase biologic characteristics between DSH cats and humans. Hence, as well as developing our understanding of aging in cats, these data may be usefully extrapolated to aging in humans. 相似文献
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Nasir L 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(2):155-163
In recent years in human oncology the enzyme telomerase has emerged as an ideal target for cancer therapy. This has led to the assessment of telomerase in cancers in companion animals, mainly dogs and these studies confirm that in dogs, like humans, telomere maintenance by telomerase is the primary mechanism by which cancer cells overcome their mortality and extend their lifespan. This review aims to provide an introduction to the biology of telomeres and telomerase and to discuss some of the telomere/telomerase directed therapeutic methodologies currently under development which may be of benefit to the canine cancer patient. 相似文献
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Kasai K Sano F Miyashita N Watanabe S Nagai T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(1):135-142
In the present study, the growth performance of a calf produced by mating a somatic cell cloned dam and sire was compared with that of its full siblings produced by mating the cattle used as nuclear donors for the cloned animals. The somatic cell cloned dam and sire were derived from cultured cumulus cells and ear cells, respectively. The cloned dam was artificially inseminated with semen from the cloned sire. A female calf was produced that was reared under general group feeding conditions. The calf was subjected to a clinical examination and to hematology, serum biochemistry, and telomere length analyses; all of these tests indicated that the calf was normal. The growth characteristics (body weight and shoulder height) of the calf fell within the range of the full siblings of the same sex produced by mating the animals used as the nuclear donors of clones. These findings suggest that the same breeding performance is expected from mating a cloned dam and sire as from mating the animals used as nuclear donors for the clones. 相似文献
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Yazawa M Okuda M Setoguchi A Nishimura R Sasaki N Hasegawa A Watari T Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(10):1125-1129
Telomeres are specific structures present at the end of liner chromosomes. DNA polymerase can not synthesize the end of liner DNA and, as a result, the telomeres become progressively shortened by successive cell divisions. To overcome the end replication problem, telomerase adds new telomeric sequences to the end of chromosomal DNA. The enzyme activity is undetectable in most normal human adult somatic cells, in which shortening of the telomere is thought to limit the somatic-cell life span. In contrast to normal somatic cells, many human tumors possess telomerase activity. The present study looked at whether telomerase activity might serve as a marker for canine tumors. Telomerase activity was measured using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Normal dog somatic tissues showed little or no telomerase activity, while normal testis exhibited a high level of telomerase activity. We measured telomerase activity in tumor samples from 45 dogs; 21 mammary gland tumors, 16 tumors developed in the skin and oral cavity, 7 vascular tumors and 1 Sertoli cell tumor. Greater than 95% of the tumor samples contained telomerase activity (3-924 U/2 micrograms protein). The results obtained in this study indicated that telomerase should be a useful diagnostic marker for a variety of dog tumors, and it may serve as a target for antitumor chemotherapy. 相似文献
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端粒酶和细胞衰老 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的一种特殊结构 ,由端粒 DNA和端粒蛋白质组成。端粒DNA是富含 G的高度保守的重复核苷酸序列 ,人和其他哺乳动物的端粒 DNA序列均由 5′-3′,方向 (TTAGGG) n 反复串联组成 ,它参与 DNA复制 ,对维持染色体的稳定和完全复制有重要作用。正常动物细胞 DNA的端粒随着细胞分裂而缩短 ,当缩短到一定长度时细胞将停止增殖并死亡。细胞中的端粒酶在正常细胞不表达 ,只在生殖细胞、干细胞和肿瘤细胞中表达。文章介绍了细胞衰老的细胞生物学机制、端粒酶和细胞衰老的关系 ,讨论了端粒酶和克隆动物的早衰现象的关系 相似文献