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松树枯梢病发生规律研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松树枯梢病(Sphaeropsis sapinea)是我国南方湿地松、火炬松、马尾松等树种的重要病害。文章综述了松树枯梢病的发生规律研究的进展情况，着重对病原菌的生物学特性、寄主的感病性以及环境等与病害发生规律的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
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落叶松枯梢病在落叶松幼林中的发展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
落叶松枯梢病在落叶松幼林中的发展王岳，田西迁，李玉莲（黑龙江省林业科学院）（黑龙江省勃利县林业局）７０年代末，落叶松枯梢病在吉林、黑龙江、辽宁等省发生较为普遍，主要寄主是长白落叶松、兴安落叶松、华北落叶松、朝鲜落叶松、海林落叶松、日本落叶松，病原菌经... 相似文献
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松枯梢病Diploelia pinea(Desm)Kickx是近年来严重危害松树(尤其是国外松)的一种主要病害。该病危害松树的嫩梢、针叶和枝条等,引起顶芽、嫩梢枯死,针叶枯黄或枝条下垂,影响林木正常生长,被害严重时整株枯死。该病在区外已知分布于广东、湖南、湖北、江苏、吉林和黑龙江等省,区内已在柳州、河池、玉林、梧州、北海等地发现有该 相似文献
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松树枯梢病菌的致病性存在着广泛的变异，其变异方面主要表现在侵入途径及致病力上，但关于侵入途径的问题，各国学者的研究结果存在较大分歧。综合分析表明，松枯梢病菌可能从气孔、伤口和无伤嫩叶、嫩梢上侵入。松枯梢病菌致病力的差异主要表现在不同菌株对同一寄主的致病力不同，同一菌株对不同寄主的致病力不同。致病力的差异与病菌的形态学特征、基因型等有一定的相关性。我国松枯梢病菌的致病性发生了多大的变异，与国外类群的 相似文献
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落叶松枯梢病国内外研究的现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
落叶松枯梢病国内外研究的现状赵经周，于文喜，王乃玉（黑龙江省森林保护研究所，黑龙江省南岔林业局）落叶松枯梢病（ＢｏｔｒｙｏｓＰｈａｅｒａｌａｒｉｃｉｎａ（Ｓａｗａｄａ）Ｓｈａｎｇ）是世界闻名的严重病害之一，是落叶松人工林一种危险性传染病害。目前，该病... 相似文献
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据有关专家透露:近年来江苏省多处发生一种松树真菌病害——松枯梢病。该病为害树种之多(已发现危害松柏类16种),蔓延之快、发生面积之大均超过目前流行的任何松树病害。该病害在江苏省盱眙县林场的湿地松、火炬松、黑松各个龄组的人工林的发病面积达该场松树林面积的60％左右,江浦县的老山林场、南京林业大学校园内、句容县林场等处松林 相似文献
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Diplodia sapinea is an important pathogen of pine trees in plantations and urban areas in many parts of the world. This pathogen has recently also been isolated from diseased Cedrus atlantica, C. deodara and Picea omorika planted as ornamentals across the Western Balkans. The aim of this study was to consider the host range of D. sapinea in Serbia and Montenegro. Diplodia sapinea was identified from a broader collection of Botryosphaeriaceae from the Western Balkans region, based on the DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF 1‐ α). The D. sapinea isolates were obtained from sixteen tree species in the genera Abies, Cedrus, Chamaecyparis, Juniperus, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Fagus. Four species represented new hosts in the Balkans, and this is the first report of D. sapinea from F. sylvatica anywhere in the world. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on the tree hosts from which D. sapinea was isolated, as well as on P. abies, Thuja occidentalis, Prunus laurocerasus, Eucalyptus grandis and P. patula. Inoculations were made on seedlings in the field, in the greenhouse or on freshly detached branches. Inoculations on P. pungens, P. omorika, P. abies, P. menziesii, A. concolor, P. nigra and P. sylvestris resulted in death of the seedlings 5–16 weeks after inoculation. Diplodia sapinea produced lesions on J. horizontalis and P. patula seedlings and F. sylvatica cut branches. Reciprocal inoculations showed that D. sapinea is not a pine‐specific pathogen, causing disease on tree species, including those from which it had not been isolated. Not surprisingly, the pathogen was most aggressive on some species of Pinaceae. 相似文献
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Fungi identified as Sphaeropsis sapinea (or synonyms) have been reported from Larix. Lack of pathogenicity tests, confusion about the identity of isolates mentioned in previous literature, and existence of distinct populations (A and B morphotypes) of the pathogen indicated the need to evaluate the ability of S. sapinea to cause disease of larch. Elongating snoot tips of Larix decidua, Larix laricina, and known hosts of the pathogen, Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa, were inoculated with water-agar plugs colonized with an A or a B isolate, or sterile plugs (controls). Each of five replications included five seedlings for each treatment-species combination. After 6 weeks, no symptoms had developed on control seedlings, but two-way analyses of variance revealed significant effects of isolate morpnotype and host on both incidence and severity of disease (values of p ≤ 0.01). The A isolate killed almost all shoot tips, but the B isolate killed from no P. resinosa shoots to 56% of L. laricina shoots. The average length of shoot killed by the A isolate was also greater than that killed by the B isolate. Response to the B isolate again varied among species, with greater average lengths of shoot killed on the larches (compared with the pines). Both A and B morphotypes of 5. sapinea should be considered among the fungi encountered on L. decidua and L. laricina. 相似文献
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In the past decade, trees and shrubs in the Western Balkans region have been damaged by canker and die‐back disease caused by Botryosphaeriaceae species. These pathogens include Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia sapinea. In this study, we determine genetic diversity and structure between populations of N. parvum and D. sapinea from Serbia and Montenegro (Western Balkans) using DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, translation elongation factor 1‐alpha, β‐tubulin‐2 and microsatellite markers. The relationship of both pathogens was compared for populations from the Continental (CR) and Mediterranean (MR) regions and for isolates of D. sapinea from Cedrus spp. and Pinus spp. Neofusicoccum parvum and D. sapinea were shown to have a low gene and genotypic diversity across the regions and hosts. All genotypes of D. sapinea found on Pinus spp. were also present on Cedrus spp. The CR and MR populations of both species were found to be only slightly separated from one another by a geographical barrier. Low genetic diversity and dominance of N. parvum and D. sapinea on non‐native trees suggests that these species have most likely been introduced into Western Balkans, possibly through the movement of infected plants. 相似文献
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During 1993 progressive, severe shoot blight and canker disease in crowns of mature, merchantable red pines (Pinus resinosa) in central Wisconsin was noted in plantations in which paper mill waste sludge previously had been applied. For eight treated plantations and six non‐treated plantations, incidence of shoot blight attributed to the pathogenic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea (syn. Diplodia pinea) was quantified during 1993 or 1994. Foliage and soil samples also were collected for analyses. Sphaeropsis shoot blight was more frequent in treated plantations than in the non‐treated stands (means of 81% of trees and 10.2% of shoots compared with 7% of trees and 0.1% of shoots, respectively). Consistent with other reports of damage caused by some diseases of conifers in situations of altered host nutrition, mean foliar N concentrations were higher in treated plantations (1.61%) than non‐treated plantations (1.31%) (p < 0.001). Mean foliar Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al concentrations were lower in treated plantations than non‐treated plantations, and mean soil P, Ca, and Mg concentrations were higher in treated plantations than non‐treated plantations. 相似文献
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Following a hail storm in the southern Cape Province of South Africa, Sphaeropsis sapinea infected about 2000 ha of pine plantations. A series of sample plots yielded information on symptom development in relation to site factors and stand characteristics. Aerial photography and ground inspection of the area showed that, although the intensity of disease was not affected by site quality or age, it was inversely proportional to altitude. 相似文献
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The aggressiveness of the A and B isolate groups (morphotypes) of Sphaeropsis sapinea on shoot tips and lower stems of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) was compared. The distinct differences in aggressiveness between the two S. sapinea groups, previously reported for other conifers, are confirmed for Austrian pine. However, the relative aggressiveness of the B group isolate varied by site of infection. Although the B group isolate of S. sapinea was not aggressive on shoot tips of Austrian pine, it was aggressive on stems of this host. 相似文献
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The association of the shoot blight and canker pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea with red pine (Pinus resinosa) shoots and cones damaged by insects (especially Dioryctria sp.) was investigated. Samples from a single plantation approximately 35 years old, in Sauk Co., Wisconsin and also from three plantations, between approximately 40 and 50 years old, located in an area of pine shoot moth activity in the preceding year in Adams Co., Wisconsin were visually examined. Samples were arbitrarily collected from trees felled in the first plantation in May. Pycnidia of S. sapinea and insect damage were observed on 56 of 91 (62%) of closed cones and 17 of 165 (7%) of previous year's shoots. In the absence of insect damage, pycnidia of the pathogen were identified only on eight of 91 (9%) closed cones and never on previous year's shoots. In each of the other three plantations, 10 trees were located at intervals along transects in mid‐June; one branch from the lower half of the crown per tree was pruned off, and both current and previous year's shoots were examined. Insect damage and S. sapinea pycnidia were too rare on current year's shoots to draw any conclusions. Insect damage occurred on 20–40% of over 2000 previous year's shoots that were examined, but pycnidia of the pathogen were identified on only about 5%. Although infrequent, S. sapinea was identified in association with insect‐damaged previous year's shoots from these three plantations three times more frequently than those without insect damage. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers from eight randomly selected isolates were consistent with the A group of S. sapinea, which can be aggressive on red pine. This ability to exploit insect‐damaged shoots may facilitate long‐term persistence of S. sapinea at low disease incidence and severity. The potential role of insect wounds as infection courts and insects as vectors of this important pathogen of pines deserves further study. 相似文献
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Sphaeropsis sapinea is an important latent pathogen of Pinus spp., outbreaks of which have a considerable impact on plantations. This study considers the population diversity and distribution of S. sapinea in northern Spain at different spatial scales from single plantations to a wide area covered by Pinus radiata trees. Estimation of genotypic diversity is an important component of the analysis of the genetic structure of plant pathogen populations. Ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used, together with vegetative compatibility tests, to study the genetic diversity among S. sapinea isolates. Polymorphism analysis at SSR loci is a simple and direct approach for estimating the genetic diversity of S. sapinea isolates. From a total of 86 isolates collected from four different areas, 14 microsatellite haplotypes and 13 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were identified. The percentage of maximum genotypic diversity, based on Stoddart and Taylor's index, for microsatellites of the northern Spain population ranged from 14.6% to 38.1% and from 8.0% to 29.4% for VCGs. Analysis of these markers and vegetative compatibility groups confirmed that S. sapinea reproduces mainly asexually due to its reduced genotypic diversity in spatially close populations. Isolates of S. sapinea from northern Spain populations were predominantly monomorphic at the tested SSR loci. Vegetative compatibility groups also indicate a low level of genetic variability in these samples, which appear to be clonal. 相似文献
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Climate change poses severe pressures to European conifer forests. Using non-native tree species, such as Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), is one proposed strategy to circumvent adverse effects for forest management. However, novel forest health risks can impair the cultivation of non-native trees. In 2022, we observed large Douglas fir trees (approximately 40–50 years old, diameter at breast height (dbh) 21–41 cm) that had recently died in spring or summer 2022 in three forest stands in Eastern Austria. Intensive resin flow, blue-staining of the sapwood and the absence of bark- and wood-boring insects indicated a fungal infection. Isolations from blue-stained sapwood of the dead trees consistently yielded cultures of the opportunistic pathogen Diplodia sapinea. In a greenhouse wound inoculation experiment, seven D. sapinea isolates obtained from Douglas fir caused phloem necrosis, blue-staining of sapwood and mortality and thus displayed pathogenicity towards seedlings of both Ps. menziesii and its common host, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Diplodia sapinea produced significantly longer areas of blue-stain as well as higher and faster mortality in Ps. menziesii compared to P. sylvestris. We conclude that D. sapinea substantially contributed to the death of seven of the 13 examined large Douglas fir trees. While this fungus has been described as a pathogen of young Douglas fir trees before, this is the first report that it can potentially kill large individuals of this conifer species under drought conditions. Thus, our results indicate that D. sapinea could represent a severe threat to the cultivation of Ps. menziesii in European forestry. 相似文献