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1.
Kleiminger E 《Tier?rztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere》2012,40(2):119-125
Claw diseases pose a major problem for dairy and sheep farms. As well as systemic treatments of these illnesses by means of drug injection, veterinarians discuss the application of footbaths for the local treatment of dermatitis digitalis or foot rot. On farms footbaths are used with different substances and for various purposes. The author presents the requirements for veterinary medicinal products (marketing authorization and manufacturing authorization) and demonstrates the operation of the "cascade in case of a treatment crisis". In addition, the distinction between veterinary hygiene biocidal products and veterinary medicinal products and substances to care for claws is explained. 相似文献
2.
从广东四会原始森林土壤中分离到一株能高效还原Ｆｅ（ＩＩＩ）和腐殖质（ＨＳ）的兼性厌氧菌，编号为ＣＹ０１，该菌株被鉴定为Comamonas koreensis（韩国丛毛单胞菌）。以Comamonas koreensis ＣＹ０１为研究对象，研究了厌氧条件下ＨＳ（腐殖质）的模式物ＡＱＤＳ对微生物介导的２，４-Ｄ （２，４-二氯苯氧乙酸）还原脱氯过程的影响。研究结果显示，１）ＣＹ０１具有使２，４-Ｄ 进行脱氯降解的能力，ＣＹ０１引起的２，４-Ｄ 的脱氯降解过程是伴随着电子供体葡萄糖的氧化同时进行的；２）反应体系中加入ＡＱＤＳ，会促进２，４-Ｄ 的降解过程，ＡＱＤＳ在Ｆｅ（ＩＩＩ）／ＨＳ还原菌和２，４-Ｄ 之间充当电子穿梭体。综合以上实验结果表明，ＣＹ０１菌株引起的２，４-Ｄ 的还原脱氯过程的完成是随着电子供体的氧化产生电子，然后ＡＱＤＳ将产生的电子加速传递至２，４-Ｄ，使２，４-Ｄ 发生还原脱氯降解。 相似文献
3.
A total of forty-eight finishing pigs were used to determine the effects of humic substances (HS) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality. The finishing pigs were assigned randomly by weight to three treatments. The dietary treatments included: 1) Control (CON; basal diet), 2) HS1 (basal diet + 5% humic substances) and 3) HS2 (basal diet + 10% humic substances). Results of the whole experimental period showed that addition of 10% HS to the diet, significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed (G:F) (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the relative lymphocyte counts (% of total white blood cells) of pigs fed HS2 diet were higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed CON diet. The Minolta color parameter a of pigs fed HS2 was similar to that of pigs fed HS1, however, it was higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed CON diet. The inclusion of either 5% or 10% HS significantly decreased backfat thickness (P < 0.05). The marbling score was increased significantly (P < 0.05) when diets were supplemented with HS at a level of 10%. The results of this study suggest that HS might be utilized as a feed additive in the diet. It could improve growth performance, relative lymphocyte counts and meat quality. 相似文献
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5.
常见饲料中抗营养因子及对动物的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
抗营养因子（ＡＮＦ）指的是饲料是（或代谢产物中）所含有的一些对养分消化、吸收、代谢及动物健康和生产性能产生不良影响的物质。本文就常见饲料中的主要抗营养因子及其作用机理进行综述。 相似文献
6.
M Kende 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1982,181(10):1037-1042
Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system have a crucial role as affector and effector cells in the body's defense against foreign cells and microorganisms. Macrophages function as the first line of defense via phagocytosis or opsonic phagocytosis as early as the promonocytic stage of their development. Macrophages act as affector cells via antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and they participate in the activation of T and B lymphocytes through the secretion of lymphostimulatory substances (monokines). In the cycle of reciprocal interactions, macrophages are themselves being activated via the secretory products of the lymphocytes--the lymphokines. Activated macrophages are endowed with effector functions exerted by their tumoricidal, microbicidal, and suppressor activities. Undoubtedly, additional research will enhance the importance and application of this unique cell type with multiple functions. 相似文献
7.
J Gilka V Gajd?sková M Malíková J Masek H Docekalová R Hais A Láníková M Pavlasová 《Veterinární medicína》1987,32(12):721-730
The residues of antimicrobial substances, some chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides and chemical elements were studied in the meat and organs of a group of bulls fed food-waste paste for 240 days and a group of bulls fed the same paste with an addition of poultry waste. These residues were also studied in the tissues of pigs fed the food-waste paste for 135 and 151 days until slaughter. The feed ingredients were also examined during the feeding trials. Although some of the residues under study were found in the tissues of the test animals at increased amounts, their concentrations were diluted in the tissues in the majority of cases when the feed pastes were administered. All residue contents recorded in the tissues remained below the permissible limits as given in valid instructions and directives so that the products, i. e. meat and organs, could be deemed digestible on the basis of hygienic evaluation. Hence, from the point of view of the occurrence of residues of foreign substances in edible tissues, the administration of food-waste pastes to farm animals can be considered as admissible. 相似文献
8.
Chiesa L. M. Panseri S. Soncin S. Vallone L. Dragoni I. 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):167-170
Control of the composition of products that are intended for use as packaging material is essential, particularly when these products come into direct contact with food. It is well known that plastics are not inert and that their residual monomers, starting substances, and additives are able to migrate into the food they contact. Among plastics, styrene is a common compound found in many plastic containers that can also be produced by the oxidation of Penicillium roqueforti used in gorgonzola Protected Denomination of Origin cheese manufacturing. Therefore, solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was applied in the present work to determine the styrene content in packaged and unpackaged gorgonzola cheese samples to understand styrene migration phenomena from plastic containers.
相似文献9.
Hoyt S Cheramie Stephen E O'Ggrady 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2003,19(2):519-530
There are many different commercially available hoof repair/adhesive products. The application of these products in the treatment of various foot conditions is continuing to evolve based on sound medical and farriery principles as well as imagination. Successful application of these products depends largely on using proper hoof wall preparation and adhesive application techniques. Success also depends on a realistic expectation of the final outcome when accounting for the physical limitations of the adhesive products and the underlying hoof problem. Our results with these techniques have been encouraging and rewarding. 相似文献
10.
L Ellerbroek 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(8):307-313
A review of possible residues of selected antibacterial substances, hormones, beta-agonists, thyreostatics and tranquillizers in meat is given in this paper. Showing their application mode and the few clinical effects and pathological findings, the collection of samples becomes very important. For each group of substances tissues or body-fluids are proposed as samples. With modern analytical detection methods residues in food of animal origin can be demonstrated at levels of micrograms/kg. The detection of the above mentioned substances could be supported by a well-aimed sampling and the illegal use can be diminished. 相似文献
11.
本研究以“奥尼尔“蓝莓为供试材料,研究了5个腐殖酸质量浓度对蓝莓产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸质量浓度过高或过低均不能使蓝莓株产量与果品达到最优,适量腐殖酸的施用才能显著提高蓝莓的产量及品质。综合蓝莓株产和品质,效果较好的是喷施腐殖酸0.3g/L的处理。 相似文献
12.
麸皮富含多种营养物质,但同时含有粗纤维和植酸等,限制了其在饲料中的充分应用。微生物发酵技术可降低麸皮的抗营养因子含量,释放多种活性物质,从而大幅提高其在饲料中的应用价值。作者主要综述了有关麸皮的营养成分、发酵菌种、发酵工艺优化、发酵产物营养品质改善及其功能特点等的研究进展。麸皮中含粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、酚酸和膳食纤维等,这些营养物质以复杂的结构与形式存在麸皮中,限制了其在饲料中的有效利用。麸皮发酵常用的菌种主要有芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、霉菌四大类,这些菌种分泌的多种酶系在麸皮的发酵降解中发挥着不同的作用。采用合理的优化策略获取最优发酵工艺可显著提高目标产物含量,其中响应面法是应用最多的方法。麸皮通过微生物发酵提高了其酚酸类物质、膳食纤维、可溶性总糖和蛋白质的含量,对动物提高抗氧化水平、增强机体免疫力、改善肠道环境及提高生产性能起到促进作用。 相似文献
13.
对化学方法和生物方法制备巨菌草(Pennisetum sp.)腐植酸和黄腐酸进行分析比较。结果表明,硝酸、盐酸、乙酸、草酸、氨水均能降解纤维素、半纤维素或木质素从而生产腐植酸和黄腐酸,其中10.0%氨水提取巨菌草得到的腐植酸含量最高,其次为37.5%硝酸和37.5%盐酸,草酸和乙酸提取得到的腐植酸含量最低。枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、毛霉(Mucor)、根霉(Rhizopus)、青霉(Penicillium)在巨菌草腐殖质的形成中均起到了积极作用,其中根霉对木质素的降解程度最高,生成总腐植酸的含量最高。根霉发酵制备得到的总腐植酸含量是10.0%氨水提取得到的总腐植酸含量的1.45倍,毛霉发酵制备得到的总腐植酸含量是10.0%氨水提取得到的总腐植酸含量的1.29倍,而枯草芽孢杆菌和青霉发酵制备得到的总腐植酸含量比10%氨水提取得到的总腐植酸含量低。37.5%硝酸提取得到的黄腐酸含量是毛霉发酵制备得到的黄腐酸含量的1.79倍,22.5%盐酸提取得到的黄腐酸含量是毛霉发酵制备得到的黄腐酸含量的1.98倍。综上可知,生物发酵法制备得到的总腐植酸含量比化学法提取得到的总腐植酸含量要高,而化学方法提取得到的黄腐酸含量比生物发酵法制备得到的黄腐酸含量要高。 相似文献
14.
黄芪的生物学活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(6):48-52
黄芪含有多糖类、皂苷类、黄酮类等多种生物活性物质,具有增强免疫力、抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、调节血压及防治糖尿病等作用,应用于畜禽生产中能够提升机体免疫功能和抗氧化功能,提高生长性能和产品质量。对黄芪的生物学活性及在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述,以期为动物用黄芪产品的研究、开发与应用提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Woodward KN 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2005,28(2):171-184
Like humans, animals may experience adverse effects when treated with medicinal products. These effects may be related to the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the substances used or they may arise because of hypersensitivity. Veterinary medicinal products may also possess the ability to harm the environment. This paper reviews the potential of veterinary medicinal products to cause adverse effects in animals and on the environment. 相似文献
16.
The efficacy of three non-antibiotic products (copper sulphate, formalin and peracetic acid) was compared with the efficacy of erythromycin, when the four substances were applied in footbaths for the treatment of cows with digital dermatitis. The cows were divided into four groups on the basis of their current housing and randomly allocated to one of the four treatments. Cattle allocated to the non-antibiotic treatments were footbathed daily for seven days, but the cattle treated with erythromycin were footbathed for two days only. Complete records were obtained for 252 lesions from 169 cows. There were significant reductions in the lesion scores of all four groups, but there was no significant effect of treatment and no significant interaction between treatment and time. 相似文献
17.
Humoral and cellular immune responses in rats during a primary infestation with Fasciola hepatica. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The antibody and lymphocyte responses to Fasciola hepatica were studied in rats. Infested rats were shown to produce antibodies against excretory-secretory (ES) products of adult flukes as early as the first week after infestation. Immunoblotting revealed fractions of ES products of adult flukes to which antibodies were progressively produced during the course of the infestation. Proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenocytes and thymocytes when incubated with different mitogens (Concanavalin A (ConA) or Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or different liver fluke antigens (metacercariae antigen (EM) or ES products of adult flukes) have been studied. In response to these mitogens or antigens, splenocytes were stimulated on the second and fourth weeks after infestation. Thymocytes were significantly activated by PWM on the second week but peripheral blood lymphocytes did not show any statistically significant response. Results obtained in antibody production, immunoblotting and lymphocyte proliferation suggested sequential releases of F. hepatica substances and the existence of common proteins between adult and juvenile parasite stages. Cellular and humoral responses observed in this work did not seem to confer a complete resistance to liver fluke primary infestation on the rat. 相似文献
18.
Herbst V 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(8):339-342
Organic pollution is still the most important anthropogenic stress factor influencing the usability of ground and surface water as drinking water for cattle. Organic pollution is decomposed in several distinct heterotrophic processes that cause oxygen deficit, and finally end in the production of ammonia, hydrogen sulphide or methane. Even after the oxygen balance being restored higher nutrient concentrations (eutrophication) will remain. Eutrophication itself often leads to secondary pollution processes that adversely affect oxygen availability. Toxins may be generated by certain bluegreen bacteria growing under highly eutrophic conditions. Due to the concentrations of organic substances bacterial growth is forced, sometimes including faecal indicators and pathogenic species originating from the effluents of most of the communal sewage treatment works. Another kind of man made pollution concerns certain toxic substances. Disregarding the effects of accidental spills, the industrial production and use of pesticides in agriculture as well as other industrial chemicals or heavy metals may cause concentrations beyond acceptable limits. The use of surface water for cattle may become a problem for this reason. Accidental spills must be reckoned with as well, so the technical equipment for providing alternative sources of drinking water in emergencies must be available. Whereas the use of groundwater is normally not affected by toxic substance or pathogenic bacteria, high concentrations of iron, humic acids or salination may affect the suitability of water for cattle. 相似文献
19.
沙棘含有多酚类化合物、有机酸类、萜类、甾体化合物、多糖等多种生物活性物质,对促进畜禽生长,提高畜禽抗氧化功能、免疫力,改善畜禽产品品质有重要作用,是一种理想的抗生素替代品。而将沙棘通过多种提取方式进行有效成分的提取,可以提高其生物利用率,有利于储存和控制用量。文章对沙棘有效成分提取方法及在畜禽养殖中的应用进行论述。 相似文献
20.
选取我国东南某乳品企业特优级(A+)生乳,采用不同巴氏杀菌温度74℃、75℃、76℃、77℃、78℃、79℃和80℃(15 s保持时间),检测杀菌乳中的热敏感物质糠氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、乳过氧化物酶和乳中生物活性物质免疫球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、ɑ-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白的含量.试验结果显示,优质乳在74℃和75℃杀菌条件下活性物... 相似文献