共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
《中国马铃薯》2021,(2)
为挖掘抗晚疫病马铃薯资源,研究利用4个不同毒力的晚疫病菌株,基于离体叶片接种法对四倍体材料‘陇薯12号’和‘L05Nsr-j-1’进行抗性鉴定。结果表明‘陇薯12号’高抗除"超级生理小种"CN152外的其余3个菌株,‘L05Nsr-j-1’则对4个菌株均表现为高感;进一步利用晚疫病菌效应子E38在上述2份材料上进行农杆菌介导的瞬时表达,发现只有‘陇薯12号’可以识别E38产生特异的HR反应;抗病基因富集测序诊断(dRenSeq)结果表明‘陇薯12号’不含已知的晚疫病抗病基因,预示‘陇薯12号’含有未知的抗病基因;利用E38对‘陇薯12号’和‘L05Nsr-j-1’的F1群体215个单株进行农杆菌介导的瞬时表达检测,结果显示67%的单株出现假阳性反应,表明其F1群体不适合利用农杆菌介导的效应子识别鉴别基因型。研究结果为今后‘陇薯12号’的利用及其晚疫病抗性基因的克隆奠定了基础。 相似文献
2.
为了筛选出适合陇中黄土高原丘陵区种植的优良马铃薯品种,研究以‘陇薯6号’为对照,对12个国内育成马铃薯品种在通渭县(温带半干旱区)和岷县(温带半湿润区)2个试验点的抗病性、生育期、产量和品质进行评价。在抗晚疫病水平上,‘定薯3号’、‘陇薯7号’和‘青薯9号’为抗病,‘冀张薯8号’和‘冀张薯12号’为感病,‘定薯1号’、‘定薯4号’、‘陇薯6号’、‘陇薯10号’、‘天薯11号’、‘天薯12号’和‘冀张薯14号’为中抗。在通渭县,‘青薯9号’、‘天薯12号’、‘定薯4号’、‘定薯3号’、‘天薯11号’、‘陇薯10号’和‘陇薯7号’较‘陇薯6号’(CK)增产2.56%~28.55%,其他品种则减产0.37%~5.76%;在岷县,除‘冀张薯12号’其他品种较‘陇薯6号’(CK)增产1.48%~37.98%,‘冀张薯12号’减产0.85%。因此,建议在温带半干旱区可选择种植的淀粉加工型品种有‘定薯3号’和‘陇薯6号’,鲜薯食用型品种有‘定薯4号’、‘陇薯7号’、‘陇薯10号’、‘天薯12号’、‘天薯11号’、‘冀张薯8号’、‘冀张薯12号’和‘冀张薯14号’;温带半湿润区需在马铃薯生育期根据气候的变化采取有效的晚疫病防治措施,可选择种植的淀粉加工型品种有‘定薯3号’和‘陇薯6号’,鲜薯食用型品种有‘定薯4号’、‘陇薯7号’、‘陇薯10号’、‘天薯12号’、‘天薯11号’、‘冀张薯8号’、‘冀张薯12号’和‘冀张薯14号’;在陇中黄土高原丘陵区土壤肥力差或无灌溉条件的山区可适量种植‘定薯1号’和‘青薯9号’。 相似文献
3.
旱作区马铃薯品种引进筛选试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国马铃薯》2020,(4)
马铃薯是天水市的主要粮食作物,有较大的种植面积,而优良品种是保证其高产稳产的重要基础。为了筛选适宜天水旱作区种植的高产抗病马铃薯品种,试验引进11个马铃薯品种,以‘陇薯6号’为对照品种,进行品种比较试验。结果表明,‘晋薯16号’和‘陇薯13号’产量较对照‘陇薯6号’增产32%以上,且产量差异极显著,综合农艺性状好,建议在天水旱作区推广应用。 相似文献
4.
华北漏斗区雨养栽培条件下马铃薯品种的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨在漏斗区雨养种植马铃薯的可行性,2014年在河北省衡水市桃城区试验基地进行了雨养种植技术背景下的马铃薯品种筛选研究。选取‘克新1号’、‘中薯5号’、‘费乌瑞它’、‘红美’、‘青薯9号’、‘大西洋’、‘陇薯3号’和‘陇薯6号’8个不同熟性的马铃薯品种为试验材料,初步筛选结果显示:‘大西洋’、‘费乌瑞它’和‘中薯5号’具有生长势强、丰产性好、适应性强、商品薯率高、品质好等优点,其中以‘大西洋’的表现最好,产量可达38 950 kg/hm2。‘陇薯6号’、‘陇薯3号’和‘青薯9号’综合表现相对较差,‘陇薯6号’田间表现基本不结薯。 相似文献
5.
陇中干旱半干旱区不同马铃薯品种重茬抗病性和产量试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2015,(3):146-149
针对陇中干旱半干旱区大面积种植马铃薯导致的重茬病害严重问题,试验研究了不同马铃薯品种在重茬地中的抗病性和产量表现。通过对各参试马铃薯品种早疫病、晚疫病、黑痣病及薯块腐烂病害抗性研究与产量、单株结薯数及商品率的综合分析,筛选出抗病性强、易贮藏、产量高、商品率好的‘陇薯7号’和‘陇薯6号’2个品种,适宜在干旱半干旱区重茬地推广种植。 相似文献
6.
为了筛选产量高、抗晚疫病性能好、适宜宁南山区大面积推广的优良品种,在适宜马铃薯种植和晚疫病流行的西吉县对23个马铃薯品种作田间抗病性鉴定。结果表明：马铃薯品种‘青薯9号’、‘庄薯1号’、‘庄薯3号’、‘冀张薯8号’、‘陇薯3号’等品种高产、抗病性强,适宜大面积推广。产量在1 000 kg/667 m2以上且抗性较好的品种依次是：‘晋薯14号’、‘宁薯4号’、‘晋薯15号’、‘宁薯13号’、‘同薯23号’、‘克新17号’,适宜做轮换品种。经相关分析,不同马铃薯品种的病情指数和产量呈极显著的负相关。 相似文献
7.
张掖市高淀粉马铃薯新品种比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2016,(2)
为筛选出适宜张掖市种植的高产优质高淀粉马铃薯新品种,2014年引进10个马铃薯新品种(系)以‘陇薯3号’为对照进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,‘陇薯9号’、‘青薯10号’田间长势强、商品性好,块茎产量和淀粉产量高。‘陇薯9号’淀粉产量15 328 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯3号’增产49.78%;‘青薯10号’淀粉产量15 188 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯3号’增产48.41%。因此,这2个品种适宜在张掖市推广种植。 相似文献
8.
陇中温寒半湿润区马铃薯高产抗黑痣病品种的引进筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2015,(4):199-201
为筛选出在甘肃陇中温寒半湿润区适宜种植的高产抗黑痣病马铃薯优良品种,对引进的19个马铃薯品种(系)进行了产量和抗黑痣病比较试验。结果表明,‘陇薯7号’、‘庄薯3号’、‘青薯9号’、‘心里美’、‘丽薯6号’、‘丽薯7号’和‘陇薯8号’7个品种的马铃薯产量高,产量在37 500~62 100 kg/hm2之间;黑痣病病薯率在0~10.64%之间、病情指数在0~3.83之间,是适宜在陇中温寒半湿润区种植的马铃薯品种。 相似文献
9.
为筛选出优质并适宜于天水及周边地区种植的马铃薯新品种,2009年由国际马铃薯中心引进的56份茎尖脱毒苗,2010年经扩繁生产原原种微型薯,在海拔为1 680 m生态区域进行田间观察鉴定,筛选出综合性状表现较好的9份材料,2011年在天水市中梁乡同一海拔区域,以‘天薯10号’为对照,采用随机区组设计,对其抗病性能(晚疫病、病毒病、环腐病)、淀粉含量及产量进行比较。结果表明:C-31和C-71产量与对照天薯10号差异不显著;C-71淀粉含量在参试材料中最高,含量达19.28%,比对照天薯10号(17.47%)高1.81%。可见,C-71综合性状最优。 相似文献
10.
随着马铃薯主粮化战略的不断推进,筛选适宜旱作雨养农业区种植的马铃薯主粮化需求的新品种(系),并探索其高效栽培技术具有重要的实践意义。以2个马铃薯主粮化品种‘陇薯7号’、‘陇薯9号’原种为材料,以露地种植常规施肥处理为对照,研究了黑膜、大垄、氮肥减施10%、氮肥减施20%对马铃薯植株叶片生理参数、田间枯萎病发病率、产量及其经济效益的影响。结果表明,覆膜、氮肥减量10%处理对‘陇薯9号’与对照处理相比,叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率的差异显著。栽培措施显著影响2个马铃薯品种田间枯萎病发病率。在高寒阴湿旱作区,与露地种植、常规施肥处理相比,采用黑膜覆盖、氮肥减施处理(最高可减施20%)与黑膜覆盖、大垄双行栽培有利于实现马铃薯主粮化品种‘陇薯7号’、‘陇薯9号’绿色栽培与高产高效的生产目标。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
12.
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献