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1.
2010—2012年在贵州干热河谷开展芒果氮磷钾田间施肥试验,结果表明:氮肥效应符合方程Y=-6.3602X2+13.981X+26.22,最佳施尿素量为1.099 kg·株-1,最佳产量为33.9 kg·株-1;磷肥效应符合方程Y=-3.5094X2+15.063X+22.249,最佳施钙镁磷肥量为2.146 kg·株-1,最佳产量为38.4 kg·株-1;钾肥效应符合方程Y=-8.3243X2+15.735X+22.249,最佳施氯化钾量为0.945 kg·株-1,最佳产量为34.4 kg·株-1。增施氮磷钾肥分别增产3.1%、16.1%和4.9%,肥料增产效应依次为:磷>钾>氮。 相似文献
2.
《福建林业科技》2015,(4):105-111
在云南省景谷县内,采用氮肥、磷肥、钾肥3种肥料对不同坡位的思茅松幼林开展配方施肥试验,结果表明:坡位影响思茅松幼林的生长,山中、山下的幼林比山顶的幼林生长量高,树高、胸径分别比山顶增加了21.5%~30.3%、30.5%~38.0%,均差异显著;较适宜的施肥方案为尿素250 g+钙镁磷400 g+硫酸钾100 g,施肥后思茅松幼林平均树高提高17%(约40 cm),平均胸径提高30%(约1 cm),差异均达显著水平,同时也提高了林地土壤速效磷107.6%、全磷57.9%和全钾6.8%,并有效减缓林地有机质、速效氮、全氮、速效钾等土壤养分的流失。仅采用氮、钾配比施肥或磷、钾配比施肥,树高和胸径提高较小。3种肥料中氮肥和磷肥对思茅松树高和胸径生长影响显著,钾肥影响较小。在培育思茅松人工幼林时,采用氮、磷配比施肥对其树高和胸径生长具有促进作用。 相似文献
3.
对定植3年的直干桉山地人工幼林进行5个处理和1个对照的施肥试验,结果表明:施肥对直干桉山地人工幼林林木的树高、胸径生长有一定的促进作用,但需N、P、K肥一起配合施,此试验最为合理的施肥配方是:150g尿素+200g过磷酸钙+50g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加75.4%,胸径生长量增加43.15%,最差的施肥配方是:50g尿素+100g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加12.3%,胸径生长量增加8.12%。 相似文献
4.
对定植2年的桃花心木山地人工幼林进行6个处理的施肥试验,结果表明:施肥对桃花心木山地人工幼林林木的树高、胸径生长有一定的促进作用,但需N、P、K肥一起配合施。此试验最为合理的施肥配方是:G∶100g尿素+200g过磷酸钙+50g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加85.1%,胸径生长量增加84.91%;其次为:100g尿素+200g过磷酸钙+100g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加69.0%,胸径生长量增加71.07%,最差的施肥处理是:50g尿素+100g过磷酸钙,能使树高生长量增加36.3%,胸径生长量增加10.69%。 相似文献
5.
红豆树苗期的氮磷钾施肥效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红豆树L9(34)的氮磷钾正交施肥试验结果表明,氮、磷、钾3种营养元素中,对红豆树苗木的苗高、植株鲜重、茎鲜重、叶鲜重4个生长因子的重要性次序均为磷→氮→钾,表明该圃地土壤的磷肥欠缺对苗木生长影响最大,氮和钾次之;该育苗圃地条件下,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对红豆树苗木的地径、植株鲜重、根鲜重、茎鲜重、叶鲜重5项生长因子的效应具有一致性,氮、磷、钾3种植物生长元素的最优组合都为氮肥100 g 磷肥40 g 钾肥50 g,表明氮、磷、钾的合适施用量比例为2.5∶1∶1.25. 相似文献
6.
7.
尾巨桉速生丰产林施肥技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对尾巨桉C9无性系林分进行幼龄期和中期施肥试验.经统计分析,结果表明幼龄期施肥对尾巨桉林分的生长有极其显著的影响,而中期施肥对材积生长影响达显著水平,对胸径、树高影响不显著.通过对幼龄林不同施肥处理后林分的生长量分析表明,处理5(即每株施加磷酸二铵350 g+尿素100g+复合100g)可极显著提高尾巨桉胸径、树高、材积生长量,认为处理5为尾巨桉幼龄林的最佳施肥方案;中期施肥处理Ⅱ-1(即美国磷酸二胺500g/株)能显著提高尾巨桉村积生长量,是中期施肥的最佳方案. 相似文献
8.
采用二次通用旋转组合设计,试验研究了氮、磷、钾3种常用肥料对幼龄期假鹊肾树生物量累积的影响,建立了施肥量与假鹊肾树生物量的回归方程。通过对试验结果进行方差分析,并对回归方程进行优化,得到假鹊肾树的较优施肥量和施肥配比。试验结果表明:当施肥量分别为氮肥(尿素,含N 46.4%)20 g/株,磷肥(过磷酸钙,含P_2O_5 12%)6 g/株,钾肥(氯化钾,含K_2O 60%)13g/株时,假鹊肾树生长较好。氮磷钾元素(N:P_2O_5:K_2O)配比约为1.2∶0.1∶1。 相似文献
9.
对定植3年的思茅松山地人工幼林进行5个处理的施肥试验,结果表明:施肥对思茅松山地人工幼林林木的树高、胸径生长有一定的促进作用,但需N、P、K肥一起配合施,此试验最为合理的施肥配方是:100g尿素+200g过磷酸钙+50g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加37.7%,胸径生长量增加29.8%;最差的施肥配方是:50g尿素+100g过磷酸钙,能使树高生长量增加10.8%,胸径生长量增加13.2%。 相似文献
10.
杉木幼林施肥效应研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
在由粉砂员岩坡积母质发育而成的硅质黄红壤上,经不同施肥量及配比12个处理、不同施肥时间10个处理5年试验研究表明,杉木幼林施氮肥和钾肥无显著效应,施磷肥效应显著。造林当年及第3年各施钙镁磷肥50g/株,与对照比较,杉木幼林地径、胸径、树高、蓄积分别增加15％、18％、15％、53％,取得生长效应与经济效益的最佳水平。配比施肥效应以造林当年与第3年每株各施尿素30g、钙镁磷肥,100g最佳,但配比施肥效应仍以磷肥效应为主。施肥时间以造林当年与第3年隔年施肥效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献