共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
为探究微喷水肥一体化条件下氮肥基追比对不同筋型冬小麦产量和品质的影响,2018—2020年以强筋品种‘藁优2018’和中筋品种‘济麦22’为材料,设置灌水定额为1 200 m3/hm2,施氮总量为210 kg/hm2,氮肥基追比为3∶7(B1)、5∶5(B2)和7∶3(B3),于拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆中期采用微喷水肥一体化进行等量追肥和灌水,测定2个品种的产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的特征指标。结果表明:1)3个氮肥基追比处理中,B1处理显著降低冬小麦穗数,B3处理显著降低千粒重,B2处理则在稳定穗数的基础上显著提高了千粒重,因而产量最高;2)B1处理显著提高籽粒湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和沉降值,显著延长了面团稳定时间,进而提高了加工品质;3)B2处理显著增加花后氮素吸收对籽粒氮的贡献率,显著提高氮素收获指数和氮肥偏生产力。综上所述,在本试验微喷水肥一体化条件下,施氮量为210 kg/hm2、氮肥基追比例为5∶5可提高冬小麦花后干物质积累,提升强筋冬小麦籽粒产量和品质。 相似文献
2.
目的 解决水稻精量穴直播机组合型孔排种器在实际应用过程中护种带容易跑偏、打滑,导致护种带磨损严重、伤种率偏高的问题。方法 对护种机构同步原理进行分析,优化设计了轴套结构(A)和护种带硬度(B)。以水稻品种‘培杂泰丰’和 ‘秀水134’ 种子为试验材料,设计了以不同轴套结构[尼龙轴套结构(A1)和滚针轴承&铜套结构(A2)]和不同护种带硬度[40(B1)、45(B2)、50(B3)、55(B4)和60 HA(B5)]为变量的双因素试验。结果 A和B对水稻种子伤种率影响极显著(P<0.01),且A与B之间存在显著交互作用(P < 0.05);A2B2和A2B3对伤种率影响最小;A1与A2之间差异极显著,且A2组的伤种率明显小于A1组,说明A2优于A1;B2与B3差异不显著,但与其他试验组差异显著。A对穴径影响显著,B对穴径无显著影响,且A2B2、A2B3和A2B4对穴径影响较小;A1、A2对穴径的影响差异极显著,且A2明显优于A1。工作100 h后,试验组A2B3、A2B4和A2B5的护种带磨损量较小;试验组A2B3最优,其护种带磨损体积为72.6×10?3 mm3,伤种率为0.04%,成穴性最好、播种效果最佳。结论 优化设计的滚针轴承&铜套的轴套结构合理,可以显著减小轴套与转轴之间的摩擦系数,且更耐高温、更耐磨;有效地提高了护种带的同步性,显著地提升了排种器的可靠性和播种质量。 相似文献
3.
由10个高蛋白和4个高产小麦亲本的太谷核雄性不育株(经6～10代转育)等量种子混合组成基础群体B1;由4个高产小麦亲本的太谷核雄性不育株等量种子混合组成基础群体B2。对B1进行混合选择(MS)和单性状集团选择(CS),对B2进行回交混合选择(BS),各进行3轮选择,研究了6个性状的直接遗传进度。结果表明,利用太谷核雄性不育基因进行小麦轮回选择是有效的。对于单个性状的改良,CS是最有效的方法,且第一轮(C1)选择进度最大,但多元方差分析表明CS不利于群体的变异。MS在第2轮(C2)效应最大,BS到第3轮才显示出最大效应,而且MS和BS均有利于群体的变异。从3轮选择的平均效应看,MS是3种轮选方法中最好的一种方法。 相似文献
4.
以马铃薯新品种鄂马铃薯18为材料,采用3因素3水平正交设计(L33),研究了种植密度、底肥、追肥对鄂马铃薯18农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,种植密度是马铃薯产量、株高、单株块茎数的主要影响因素,种植密度、底肥、追肥对马铃薯产量的影响程度为密度>追肥>底肥。9个处理组合中A3B3C1(密度60000株/hm2,底肥750kg/hm2,追肥150kg/hm2)处理下产量最高,为33390.00kg/hm2,分析发现A3B2C1处理组合(密度60000株/hm2,底肥600kg/hm2,追肥150kg/hm2)可获得最高产量,是最佳处理组合。 相似文献
5.
1991年测定了昌宁县的21个单孢菌株,分别为B13,C13,E1,E3,F1,G15群6个小种.与1984年测定结果相比,小种种群有所变化,其优势小种除原有的G1外,又增加了E1和E3两个.同时还测定了昌宁县水稻栽培品种对当地21个单孢菌株的感染百分率,以便客观地评定品种的抗性. 相似文献
6.
通过对试验基地中宁1981—2008年气象资料和红枣产量资料的分析,结合历年主要农业气象灾害记录,得出了5类影响红枣产量的主要农业气象灾害,分别是萌芽展叶期高温(B1)、盛花期空气的高温低湿B2)、盛花期连阴雨(B3)、果实生长期连阴雨(B4)、果实成熟期连阴雨(B5);采用层次分析法对上述气象灾害进行量化分析,得到其对红枣生产的影响权重顺序：B5>B4>B2>B3>B1;将趋势产量
进行灾害订正,预测红枣各生育期的实际产量,并建立了基于农业气象灾害的中宁红枣的动
态产量预报模型,可为实际预报业务提供参考依据。 相似文献
7.
中国部分乌鸡品种血清酶蛋白多态性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定鸡血清脂酶(Es-1),碱性磷酸酶(Akp)、碱性磷酸酶-2(Akp-2)的多态性结果表明,Es-1由常染色体上等显性等位基因Es-1A,Es-1B所支配,其中Es-1B基因在我国药用和肉用乌鸡中出现频率较高(0.7768～0.8700),而Es-1A基因在蛋用型莱航和罗斯鸡中占优势(0.6169～0.6818).Akp、Akp-2均由显隐性基因所控制,其出现频率亦因鸡种不同而表现一定的差异.试验中发现有些个体Es-1A基因可进一步区分为Es-1A1和Es-1A2,从而使所研究鸡种中Es-1的等位基因数目扩展至3个. 相似文献
8.
十个粳稻品种对稻瘟病抗性和抗性遗传分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
刘二明 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,4(2):116-127
10个粳稻品种,在3～4叶期和抽德初期于温室内,用7个稻瘟病菌生理小种即ZA1,ZB13,ZC13,ZD1,ZE1,ZF1和ZG1进行人工接种,结果表明:苗叶瘟和穗瘟的抗性85.70%反应一致,呈正相关。10个品种与广谱感病品种丽江新团黑谷的杂交组合,根据F1,F2,B1F1分析结果:F195%抗性呈显性、不完全显性和隐性各占2%;该10个品种对多个测试小种的抗性,多受两对或1对显性基因控制,少数受1对隐性基因或3对显性基因控制。基因分析表明:这10个抗源品种至少各含有两对不尽相同的抗瘟性基因,在抗瘟性遗传上属不同抗源。根据6个杂交组合的正、反交分析结果,稻瘟病抗性属细胞核遗传,但也有的受细胞质作用影响。 相似文献
9.
【目的】构建具有生防功效的玉米秸秆降解复合菌系,以提高玉米秸秆的降解率,并有效防治植物病害。【方法】通过对可产芽孢的11株纤维素降解菌（X1～X11）、17株半纤维素降解菌（B1～B17）、19株木质素降解菌（M1～M19）及1株生防菌（L）间亲和性的测定,构建复合菌系。测定复合菌系对玉米秸秆的降解能力,筛选出最优的复合菌系;通过16S rDNA序列分析,对组成最优复合菌系的菌株进行鉴定。以小麦种子发芽指数（GI）为指标,利用模拟堆肥试验研究最优复合菌系对玉米秸秆腐熟进程的影响;通过田间试验,研究最优复合菌系对番茄生长、产量的影响,并探讨其对番茄灰霉病的防治效果。【结果】通过亲和性试验初步构建了Z1(LM5X4B2)、Z2(LM3X7B5)、Z3(LM3X10B2)和Z4(LM5X10B12)4个复合菌系,其中复合菌系Z1综合效果最好,其对玉米秸秆的降解率最高（45.9%）。喷施复合菌系Z1的发酵液可加快玉米秸秆腐熟进度,堆肥第25天时GI值超过85%,玉米秸秆完全腐熟,腐熟进程较喷施清水的对照提前了4 d。秸秆还田时喷施Z1发酵液,可促进番茄生长,提高番茄产量,并且对番茄灰霉病具有一定的防治效果（防治效果为27.92%）。经16S rDNA测序,鉴定组成复合菌系的L为类芽孢杆菌、X4为枯草芽孢杆菌、M5和B2为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。【结论】构建的复合菌系Z1具有生防和降解秸秆的双重功效,且使用成本低、操作简单,具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
【目的】探索鲜食型糯玉米种子活力的遗传模型,为糯玉米种子活力研究提供理论基础。【方法】以种子活力有显著差异的糯玉米自交系N34（P1）和N56（P2）为亲本,配制F1、B1、B2、F2群体,利用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对种子活力3个相关指标（发芽势、电导率和活力指数）的遗传模型进行分析。【结果】鲜食糯玉米发芽势最佳遗传模型为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型,B1、B2和F2主基因遗传率分别为66.62%,49.10%和92.94%;电导率最佳遗传模型为1对加性-显性主基因＋加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型,B1、B2和F2主基因遗传率分别为57.75%,57.96%和65.14%;活力指数最佳遗传模型是2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性 显性多基因混合遗传模型,B1、B2和F2主基因遗传率分别为66.49%,48.02%和89.49%。3个性状均以主基因遗传为主。【结论】在育种实践中,对糯玉米种子活力的遗传改良和选择可在低世代进行,同时可采用聚合回交或轮回选择来积累有效修饰基因和微效基因,以提高育种效率。 相似文献
11.
Weiwei Zheng Feng Chen Heng Zhai Yuehua Xu Jing Zhang 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2007,1(4):460-467
A two-year trial was conducted to test the interactive effects of special-for-apple organic fertilizer, CaSO4, and amino acid Ca on Fuji/Balenghaitang (Malus robusta Rehd.) rootstock in Burozem soil in China. Total Ca, exchangeable Ca, and fruit Ca were significantly improved by the soil
application of CaSO4 with the highest exchangeable Ca and fruit Ca observed in Fuji apple trees treated at the rate of 3.5 kg CaSO4 per tree. 3.5 kg CaSO4 was divided into two applications, with first application in the first month after full bloom, and the second in the second
month after full bloom in summer, progressively to improve fruit Ca concentration. Dividing CaSO4 into two applications in combination with organic fertilizer or amino acid Ca spray, proved to be more effective on improving
the fruit Ca concentration, with the highest level of 179.17 mg/kg FW in Fuji apple trees treated with 2 kg CaSO4 applied and amino acid Ca sprayed in the first month after full bloom, 1.5 kg CaSO4 applied in summer, organic fertilizer applied in winter. Organic fertilizer applied in winter alone remarkably improved the
fruit Ca concentration, as well as storage Ca in roots and stems, and the best effect was observed in Fuji apple trees which
were supplemented organic fertilizer (10 kg) in winter and CaSO4 (1 kg) in the first month after full bloom per tree. The effect on Ca increment became less pronounced when the amount of
organic fertilizer reached 15 kg or CaSO4 was more than 3.5 kg per tree. There was a positive correlation between the Ca/Mg ratio in soil and fruit, exchangeable Ca,
and fruit Ca concentration, while a negative correlation was observed between the N/Ca ratio in fruit, available P, available
K in soil, and fruit Ca concentration. Both N/Ca ratio and Ca/Mg ratio in fruit were affected by different fertilization regime,
and bitter pit incidence at the end of storage kept acceptable only if N/Ca < 17 and Ca/Mg ≥ 7 at harvest. The commercial
fertilization regime turned out to be organic fertilizer in combination with CaSO4 applied in soil in winter, amino acid Ca sprayed in the first month after full bloom, and CaSO4 applied in soil in summer.
__________
Translated from Journal of Fruit Science, 2007, 24(1): 6–10 [译自: 果树学报] 相似文献
12.
胶网藻1A10营养成分及羟基自由基清除能力研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为更好地开发胶网藻(Dictyosphaerium sp.1A10)在食品及饲料方面的潜力,以胶网藻(Dictyosphaerium sp.1A10)为实验对象,分析了其营养成分和羟基自由基清除能力。结果显示:藻粉中含有丰富的多糖、油脂、灰分、粗纤维、蛋白质,分别占藻粉干重的19.15%、24.56%、12.43%、12.31%和18.55%,其能量为371 kcal;藻粉中含有较高的亚油酸和亚麻酸,质量分数分别为油脂的15.3%和8.5%;藻粉含18种氨基酸,含量为10.16%,其中8种必需氨基酸占3.2%,且氨基酸的比值系数分(SRCAA)较高;藻粉中还含有7种维生素,其中VB1、VB3、VB6、VA和VE的含量较高,分别为2.15 mg/100 g、6.25 mg/100 g、1.31 mg/100g、2.37 mg/100 g和5.28 mg/100 g;藻粉中矿物元素镁、钙、铁、钾含量较高,分别为3 517.26 mg/kg、813.27mg/kg、301.78 mg/kg和9 426.87 mg/kg。采用电子顺磁共振技术检测到胶网藻1A10对羟基自由基有较强的清除作用,自由基清除率达62.62%。胶网藻1A10具有开发成为食品和饲料的潜力。 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
采用基于密度泛函理论的Castep和Dmol程序软件包,计算了Mg17Al12、Al2Y及Al2Ca相的结构稳定性、弹性性能与电子结构。形成热和结合能计算结果表明：Al2Y具有最强的合金化形成能力和结构稳定性;热力学性质计算结果表明：在298~573 K温度范围内,Al2Y的Gibbs自由能始终最小,其结构热稳定性最好,Al2Ca次之,Mg17Al12最差,Y和Ca合金化Mg-Al系合金形成Al2Y及Al2Ca利于提高镁合金的高温抗蠕变性能;弹性常数的计算结果表明：3种金属间化合物均为脆性相,Mg17Al12的塑性最好;采用弹性常数计算结果预测的Al2Y熔点最高,其结构热稳定性最好。态密度和Mulliken电子占据数的计算结果表明：Al2Y结构最稳定的原因,主要源于体系在Fermi能级以下区域成键电子存在强烈的共价键作用。 相似文献
16.
为探究叶面喷施Ca、B后苹果果实糖含量和叶片中P、K增加的原因,分别以20年生富士/八楞和一年生的富士/SH6嫁接苗为试材,前者在座果期(盛花期后10d)叶面喷施10.00g/L的CaCl_2、果实迅速生长期(盛花后85d)叶面喷施1.05g/L的Na_2B_4O_7,之后测定叶片光合作用、叶片与果实的矿质元素及相关糖含量、叶片6-磷酸-山梨醇脱氢酶(S6PDH)活性;后者在嫁接苗长到6月时叶面分别涂抹10.00g/L的CaCl_2和1.05g/L的Na_2B_4O_7,之后测定叶片光合作用、矿质元素。结果显示:1)喷施Ca、B后,从盛花后85d开始,叶片S6PDH活性增强、山梨醇含量增加,果实中的果糖和总糖含量在生长后期也显著增加;2)Ca、B处理后,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著加强;3)在涂抹Ca、B后,叶片中其他矿质元素Mn、Zn、Cu、K也显著增加。上述结果表明,喷施Ca、B能够提高苹果叶片光合作用,进而通过增加光合产物来提高果实的糖含量;Ca、B加强了叶片蒸腾作用,使得其他矿质元素可能随着蒸腾流运输到叶片而得到增加。 相似文献
17.
几种保鲜方法对秦美猕猴桃常温贮藏效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用7种保鲜方法对秦美猕猴桃进行了常温贮藏研究,结果表明,固体保鲜剂和赤霉素浸果均可有效延缓呼吸,降低腐果率和失重率,延长贮藏期,在试验所涉及的范围3内,以采用40μg/g和50μg/g的GA3处理效果好,与对照相比,可使呼吸高峰推迟14d到来,贮藏45d总损耗率分别较对照降低73．9％和72．6％,并且保持了良好的果肉硬度和品质。 相似文献
18.
19.
An assessment of the genetic diversity of pear (Pyrus L.) germplasm resources based on the fruit phenotypic traits 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHANG Ying CAO Yu-fen HUO Hong-liang XU Jia-yu TIAN Lu-ming DONG Xing-guang QI Dan LIU Chao 《农业科学学报》2022,21(8):2275-2290
Germplasm resources are an important basis for genetic breeding and analysis of complex traits, and research on genetic diversity is conducive to the exploration and creation of new types of germplasm. In this study, the distribution frequency, coefficient of variation, Shannon–Wiener index, and variance and cluster analyses were used to analyze the diversity and trait differences of 39 fruit phenotypic traits from 570 pear accessions, which included 456 pear accessions from 11 species and 114 interspecific hybrid cultivars that had been stored in the National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear (Xingcheng, China). The comprehensive evaluation indices were screened by correlation, principal component and regression analyses. A total of 132 variant types were detected in 28 categorical traits of pear germplasm fruit, which indicate a rich diversity. The diversity indices in decreasing order were: fruit shape (1.949), attitude of calyx (1.908), flesh texture type (1.700), persistency of calyx (1.681), russet location (1.658), relief of area around eye basin (1.644), flavor (1.610) and ground color (1.592). The coefficient of variation of titratable acidity in the 11 numerical traits of pear germplasm fruit was as high as 128.43%, which could more effectively reflect the differences between pear accessions. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient Vst (66.4%) among the five cultivated pear species, including Pyrus bretschneideri (White Pear), P. pyrifolia (Sand Pear), P. ussuriensis (Ussurian Pear), P. sinkiangensis (Xinjiang Pear), and P. communis (European Pear), was higher than the within population phenotypic differentiation coefficient Vst (33.6%). The variation among populations was the main source of variation in pear fruit traits. A hierarchical cluster analysis divided the 389 accessions of six cultivated pear species, including P. pashia (Himalayan Pear), into six categories. There were certain characteristics within the populations, and the differences between populations were not completely clustered by region. For example, Sand Pear cultivars from Japan and the Korean Peninsula clustered together with those from China. Most of the White Pear cultivars clustered with the Sand Pear, and a few clustered with the Ussurian Pear cultivars. The Ussurian Pear and European Pear cultivars clustered separately. The Xinjiang Pear and Himalayan Pear did not cluster together, and neither did the cultivars. Seventeen traits, three describing fruit weight and edible rate (fruit diameter, fruit length and fruit core size), five describing outer quality and morphological characteristics (over color, amount of russeting, dot obviousness, fruit shape, and stalk length), and nine describing inner quality (flesh color, juiciness of flesh, aroma, flavor, flesh texture, flesh texture type, soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, and eating quality) were selected from the 39 traits by principal component and stepwise regression analyses. These 17 traits could reflect 99.3% of the total variation and can be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for pear germplasm resources. 相似文献
20.
The study aims at spatial analysis of water deficit of fruit trees under semi-humid climate conditions. Differences of soil, root, and their relation with the spatial variability of crop evapotranspiration (ETa) were analyzed. Measurements took place in a six hectare apple orchard (Malus x domestica ‘Gala’) located in fruit production area of Brandenburg (latitude: 52.606°N, longitude: 13.817°E). Data of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) in 25 cm were used for guided sampling of soil texture, bulk density, rooting depth, root water potential, and volumetric water content. Soil ECa showed high correlation with root depth. The readily available soil water content (RAW) was calculated considering three cases utilizing (i) uniform root depth of 1 m, (ii) measured values of root depth, and (iii) root water potential measured during full bloom, fruit cell division stage, at harvest. The RAW set the thresholds for irrigation. The ETa was calculated based on data from a weather station in the field and RAW cases in high, medium and low ECa conditions. ETa values obtained were utilized to quantify how fruit trees cope with spatial soil variability. The RAW-based irrigation thresholds for locations of low and high ECa value differed. The implementation of plant parameters (rooting depth, root water potential) in the water balance provided a more representative figure of water needs of fruit trees Consequently, the precise adjustment of irrigation including plant data can optimize the water use.
相似文献