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1.
为了筛选胃排空和肠推进试验最佳示踪染料,本试验选取葡聚糖蓝2000、伊文思蓝和墨汁3种染料,用微量倍比稀释法测定一系列浓度各染料在一系列波长的吸光度值,以确定各染料的最大吸收波长和可测浓度范围。根据各染料可测范围确定小鼠最佳灌胃剂量,测定各染料在胃残留率、小肠推进率及小肠均4段各段染料残留率,确定各染料在消化道总残留率。结果显示,在本试验测定波长中,葡聚糖蓝2000、伊文思蓝和墨汁最大吸收波长分别630、630和405 nm;可测浓度范围分别为0.16~5.00 mg/mL（R2 =0.9863）、0.78~6.25 μg/mL（R2=0.9984）和0.02%~0.16%（R2=0.9979）。3种染料对胃排空率的影响差异不显著（P > 0.05）,而肠推进率伊文思蓝显著快于其他两种染料（P < 0.05）;3种染料总残留率葡聚糖蓝2000最高,其次为墨汁,伊文思蓝最低,分别为93.6%±4.5%、71.5%±8.5%和18.7%±2.8%。本试验结果提示,在检测受试物对在体消化道运动影响研究中,如果仅要求测定肠推进率可用墨汁,如果要精确检测胃和小肠各段排空情况则用葡聚糖蓝2000为宜。 相似文献
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YAN Shu-ping KALIBIXIATI&# Aimulajiang WEN Zhao-hai YANG Yang YAO Xiao-hui SONG Jiang-xia WANG Lei-gang YEERLAN&# Bolati ZHAO Hong-qiong 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(7):1792-1798
In order to select the best tracer dye for gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion experiment,three kinds of dyes including of dextran blue 2000,direct blue 53 and ink were selected.The absorbance values of the series of concentration of dyes were tested in a range of wavelength by micro double dilution method.Moreover,the maximum absorption wavelength and measurable concentration range of three dyes were determined.According to measurable range of three kinds of dyes,the optimal gavage doses were obtained in mice.The gastric residual rates,small intestinal propulsion rates and residual rates in four parts of equal small intestine were tested.The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelengths of dextran blue 2000,direct blue 53 and ink were 630,630 and 405 nm,respectively.Their measurable concentration ranges were 0.16 to 5.00 mg/mL (R2=0.9863),0.78 to 6.25 μg/mL (R2=0.9984) and 0.02% to 0.16% (R2=0.9979).The difference of gastric emptying rates among the three dyes was not significant (P > 0.05),and intestinal propulsion rate of direct blue was significantly higher than those of the other two dyes (P < 0.05).Total residual rates of dextran blue 2000,ink and direct blue were 93.6%±4.5%,71.5%±8.5% and 18.7%±2.8%,respectively.The results suggested that ink was the best tracer dye if only the intestinal propulsion rate in vivo needed to be determined,while dextran blue 2000 is appropriate if a precise determination of the gastric and intestinal emptying needed to be done. 相似文献
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Spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi were recovered from foetal and placental tissues from blue fox females orally inoculated with the parasite. The results provided evidence for transplacental transmission of the causative agent of fox encephalitozoonosis. 相似文献
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家兔黏膜免疫器官肥大细胞在巴氏杆菌感染中的特征——组织化学与电镜观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对5例巴氏杆菌感染家兔的空肠与圆小囊肥大细胞（mast cell，MC）进行了组织化学与电镜的观察，发现在细菌感染导致的病变组织边缘、病变组织内血管附近结缔组织中及变性细胞周围组织的上皮下与黏膜下层都出现了大量甲苯胺蓝（Toluidine Blue，TB）阳性肥大细胞。电镜下，MC有的直接与变性细胞密切接触，有的则和血管内皮紧密相触，在此部位的血管内可见有淋巴细胞贴附填充。MC胞浆内充盈大量的特征性颗粒，有时这些颗粒向细胞表面突出形成边缘空隙，即形成所谓的脱颗粒管道，将颗粒内容物逐渐排除细胞外，遗留空腔。 相似文献
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Ultrastructural studies of blue fox spermatozoa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K Andersen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1974,15(4):620-630
The fine structure of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa from blue fox is analyzed by electron microscopy. The result of this investigation seems to indicate that the blue fox spermatozoon is of the same type as that of the dog. The apical body appears, however, to have a rather characteristic shape and to be more well-developed than found in sperm cells from the usual domestic animals.The other structures studied in the different parts of the blue fox spermatozoon including the head, neck and flagellum displayed the same principal characteristics as those in the sperm cells of other domestic species.In a few cases double development of the middle piece could be observed. 相似文献
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Four blue fox bitches were used in the experiments. Two foxes were given fenchlorphos in the feed, one 100 mg/kg body weight and the other 200 mg/kg daily for 30 days. The maximum inhibition of plasma Cholinesterase was 65 and 69 %, respectively. The corresponding values of the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase were 43 and 63 %.For the third bitch given 0.4 mg/kg as a single dose i.v. the effect was only measurable as a small transient decrease of the plasma Cholinesterase level.Eighty % of the plasma Cholinesterase of the fourth fox, given 500 mg/kg as a single oral dose, was inhibited on the third day. The erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity level only showed a slight decline. This fox vomited during feeding the day after administration.Symptoms as salivation, tremors, diarrhea, pinpoint pupils and respiratory distress were never seen in any of the foxes.It was concluded that fenchlorphos administration in the feed in doses recommended to dogs is well tolerated by healthy foxes as far as Cholinesterase inhibition is concerned. 相似文献
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Newborn and young pups up to the age of 15 days were exposed to E. cuniculi, either by keeping the pups in cages together with orally inoculated foster-mothers and their offspring, or by oral inoculation with E. cuniculi spores. A majority of pups appeared sero-positive to E. cuniculi with the india-ink immuno-reaction from 35 to 87 days post exposure; spores of E. cuniculi were detected in organs of some of the animals. The non-inoculated pups kept together with the orally inoculated pups became seropositive from 49 to 129 days after the oral inoculations. However, the exposure of newborn and young pups failed to induce clinical encephalitozoo-nosis, and when killed at the time of pelting the body weights and fur quality appeared to be within the normal range in all exposed foxes. No macroscopic lesions were detected in the various organs. Histologically focal interstitial nephritis occurred in the great majority of the seropositive animals. Meningoencephalitis was seen in some of the foxes, whereas slightly thickened walls of some arteries, mainly in the myocardium, were found in a few animals. The lesions of the brain and kidneys seem to be very similar to those seen in chronic cases of rabbit encephalitozoonosis. Polyarteritis nodosa and severe encephalitis and interstitial nephritis with extensive proliferations of plasma cells, which are almost constant findings in cases of clinically diseased foxes, were not detected in any of the subclinically infected animals. Various factors that might be of significance in the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed, and it is concluded that intrauterine infection of the pups via the transplacental route appears to be an essential supposition for the establishment of clinical fox encephalitozoonosis. 相似文献
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猪蓝耳病是一种由病毒引起的猪类传染病,严重影响了猪的生产和养殖业。天水市一直坚持以预防为主的防控方针,以源头控制、分类指导、梯度推进为防治方案,严格落实免疫预防、实验室检测净化、检疫监管、应急处置、无害化处理等综合防控措施。实验室的检测是降低发病率,压缩流行范围,逐步实现净化目标的最主要的手段。但是在实验室检测猪蓝耳病的过程中存在一些问题,本文主要阐述猪蓝耳病检测中存在的问题及相对应的解决措施,旨在为猪蓝耳病的防、治工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Distribution of new methylene blue injected into the dorsolumbar epidural space in cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Inhyung Lee DVM MS Raden Harry Soehartono DVM MS Norio Yamagishi DVM PhD Kiyoshi Taguchi DVM PhD Haruo Yamada DVM PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(3):140-145
Objective To describe the effect of injection volume and anatomy on the spread of new methylene blue (NMB) injected into the epidural space between the first and second lumbar vertebrae in cows. Study Design Prospective experimental study. Sample Population Thirteen nonpregnant cows. Methods Cows were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 received 5 mL and Group 2 received 10 mL of 0.12% NMB in 0.9% saline. The injection was made into the first interlumbar epidural space using a dorsal approach. The extent of cranial and caudal migration of the dye, as manifested by the staining of the epidural fat and dura mater, was measured. Results Mean ± SEM number (range) of stained vertebrae was significantly greater in the 10‐mL group than in the 5‐mL group, 4.4 ± 0.6 (T11 to L5) and 3.0 ± 0.2 (T12 to L3), respectively (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that the volume was significantly correlated with the number of stained vertebrae (R2 = 0.42, p = 0.016). In the dorsal and lateral aspect of the spinal cord, there were two types of distribution of NMB along the surface of the epidural fat: between the periosteum and epidural fat; and between the epidural fat and dura mater. Migration under the spinal cord occurred along the two longitudinal epidural veins. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The larger the volume of solution injected into the first interlumbar epidural space, the greater the spread. Intrinsic anatomic factors, such as characteristics of epidural fat and veins, influence the epidural spread of injected solution and, consequently, epidural analgesia. 相似文献
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jell Andersen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1978,19(2):229
The ultrastructural features, characterizing the different types of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the blue fox, have been studied within and near the reproductive season, and also in the summer and autumn.Two distinct types of spermatogonia — A and Β — are described. The A-spermatogonia often have a prominent nucleolus and numerous cytoplasmic organelles including characteristic whorls of AER. Large vacuoles containing electron dense particles are sometimes observed. In the B-spermatogonia the chromatin forms condensed areas of varying size, and the nucleolus is usually absent. The number of cytoplasmic organelles is generally small.Ultrastructural characteristics are further used to distinguish between the different stages in the prophase of the primary spermatocytes. In leptotene the nucleus contains a thread-like chromatin with electron dense peripheral areas. Towards the end of the stage the mitochondria display dilated cristae, and aggregations of a granular material can be observed in the intermitochondrial matrix. Zytogene is characterized by the appearance of syniaptinemal complexes in the nucleus, and of the chromatoid body and piles of annulate lamellae in the juxtanuclear cytoplasm. In pachytene the chromosomes become apparent as aggregations of condensed chromatin associated with the synaptinemal complexes. The Golgi complex is more prominent than in the previous stages, and the number of the other cytoplasmic organelles is increasing. In the last stages of the prophase (diplotene and diakenesis) the chromosomes become still more electron dense, the nucleolus appears as a very prominent structure, and there is a marked vesiculation of the cytoplasm.The secondary spermatocytes have a characteristic nucleus with a somewhat irregular outline and larger peripheral areas of condensed chromatin. In the cytoplasm a double Golgi complex is frequently observed.In the summer and autumn spermatocytes in zygotene seem to represent the most advanced form of spermatogenic cells. 相似文献
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The serum proteins in 1 group of healthy breeders, 1 group of healthy pups and 4 groups of foxes suffering from various diseases were separated electrophoretically on cellulose acetate membranes. In most of the sera, the proteins were separated into 1 albumin fraction and 5 globulin fractions designated alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, beta and gamma. The mean concentrations of the total proteins and the various serum fractions in the disease groups were compared statistically with the mean values of the normal groups.A nosematosis group was characterized by a distinct hypergammaglobulinaemia together with an increase in the total protein — and a decrease in the albumin concentrations. However, in 2 cubs recovering from nosematosis the hypergammaglobulinaemia was shown to be reversible.In a feed intoxication group the concentration of albumin was found to be lower and the alpha3-globulin higher than the corresponding values in the healthy group. A virus hepatitis group was characterized by a decrease in the concentrations of albumin and beta-globulin and an increase in the alpha1- and alpha3-globulins. In the toxoplasmosis group the total protein and alpha1- and alpha3-globulins showed concentrations below the normal values. 相似文献
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试验研究了日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌(Zn-Met)对冬毛期蓝狐营养物质利用率及粪中微量元素的影响。试验选用150只体重相近的冬毛期蓝狐，随机分为5组，每组30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中分别以Zn-Met形式添加30、60、90、120 mg/kg锌。结果表明：在日粮中添加适量蛋氨酸锌可使粗蛋白、钙、磷的消化率提高，其中B组（30 mg/kg）的添加水平效果最佳，差异显著(P<0.05)，对干物质、粗脂肪的消化率无显著性影响；蛋氨酸锌减少了微量元素铁、铜、锌、锰的排泄量，减少了环境的污染，与对照组相比，B组（30 mg/kg）和C组（60 mg/kg）效果差异显著(P<0.05)；综上所述，冬毛生长期蓝狐日粮中蛋氨酸锌的最适添加水平为30~60 mg/kg。 相似文献
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本研究模拟蓝狐在饲养管理过程中的不良环境,结合10种血清生化指标研究环境应激对蓝狐自咬症发生的影响。选用体重相近的健康蓝狐90只(公母各半),其中试验组60只,对照组30只。采用摇床、转移栋舍、限制、拥挤、饥饿、休息等6种不同的应激诱导方式对蓝狐进行应激诱导,结果显示,应激诱导持续30 d,试验组血清中GPT、ALP、GSH-Px和CAT活性极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),MDA含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),SOD活性极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);应激诱导60 d,ALP、CK、GSH-Px、CAT和MDA活性极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),SOD活性极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),GPT活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);GOT、LDH、GLU活性在整个应激诱导过程中没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。应激诱导组与对照组蓝狐自咬症发病率没有显著差异(P＞0.05),一般的环境应激对蓝狐自咬症的产生没有明显影响。 相似文献
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Svein Fredrik Mohn 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1982,23(4):503
Two groups of blue fox pups about 1½— 2 and 2½—3 months old, respectively, suffering from experimental encephalitozoonosis, were examined clinically and serologically. Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniouli were detected in all pups, the titres varying within the range 10–12,800. In addition to unspecific signs of disease the pups showed various neurological disturbances including ataxia, posterior weakness, lameness and circling behaviour, terminaiting in recumbency, paralysis or convulsions. Reduced sight or blindness was observed occasionally. Some of the pups appeared thirsty. Haematological examinations revealed pronounced leukocytosis without any conspicuous shift within the various groups of leukocytes. Biochemical examinations of serum showed significant elevated values of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and magnesium concentrations, reflecting renal dysfunction. Alanine aminotransferase was found significantly depressed in both groups. Raised levels of total protein were demonstrated due to pronounced hyperglobulinaemia. This finding, together with the common occurrence of generalized polyarteritis nodosa and proliferations of plasma cells in clinically affected pups, is probably a result of autoimmune disturbances initiated directly or indirectly by the protozoan infection. 相似文献
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蓝狐卵母细胞的体内外成熟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对蓝狐卵母细胞成熟时间和超数排卵后卵母细胞的发育阶段进行了研究。采集间情期 (11～ 12月份 )蓝狐卵巢 ,用切割法回收卵泡中的卵母细胞 ,每个卵巢平均获得 8个卵丘卵母细胞复合体 (COCs:cumulus oocyte complexes,480个卵 / 6 0个卵巢 )。COCs在成熟液 (TCMI99+10 %FCS+10 μg/ L EGF+10 IU/ m L PMSG+10 IU/ m L h CG)培养 ,并在不同时间将卵母细胞固定、染色观察其成熟阶段。结果表明 ,核网期卵母细胞在培养前的比例为 80 .70 %(P<0 .0 1) ;GV期卵母细胞在培养 2 4h比例最高 (34 .0 4%,P<0 .0 1) ;GVBD期卵母细胞也是在培养 2 4h比例较高(4 4.6 8%,P<0 .0 5 ) ;M 期卵母细胞在培养 48～ 12 0 h比例较高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,48h最高 (30 .0 0 %) ;M 期卵细胞在培养 72～ 96 h比例较高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,72 h比例最高 (2 9.41%) ;卵母细胞在培养 12 0 h退化比例最高 (2 2 .2 2 %,P<0 .0 1)。因此 ,间情期卵母细胞体外培养 72～ 96 h为最佳。对繁殖季节 (3月份 )蓝狐进行超排处理 ,回收卵巢卵泡中卵母细胞及输卵管、子宫角的卵母细胞 ,固定、染色 ,观察其所处的发育阶段。母狐皮下注射 5 0 0 IU PMSG,48h后皮下注射 2 5 0 IU h CG,一组在 72 h后屠宰 ,结果表明 ,母狐卵巢体积虽然有所增大 ,但没有排卵 ,将卵泡中 相似文献
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蓝狐消化道5-羟色胺和生长抑素免疫组化定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用免疫组织化学SP法.研究蓝狐消化道内5-羟色胺和生长抑素2种免疫阳性细胞的形态结构与分布密度.结果表明,消化道中这2种免疫阳性细胞形态多呈圆形、椭圆形或锥体形,主要集中分布在胃腺上皮、肠上皮及肠腺上皮细胞之间.5-HT免疫阳性细胞数量以结肠最多,直肠和空肠次之,胃底腺区、十二指肠、回肠和幽门腺区较少,食管、贲门腺区和盲肠中未见:SS免疫阳性细胞大量出现于幽门腺区,食管、责门腺区和盲肠中未见;根据其形态推测,蓝狐消化道这2种免疫阳性细胞有内、外2种分泌功能. 相似文献