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1.
P-C Wang S-D Chen M-A Tsai Y-J Weng S-Y Chu R-S Chern S-C Chen 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(4):301-310
An epizootic in pond cultured three striped tigerfish, Terapon jarbua , in Taiwan was caused by Nocardia seriolae . Diseased fish first showed clinical signs and mortalities in February and March 2003. The cumulative mortality within 2 months was 2.4% (1200 of 50 000) and affected fish were 7 months old with total lengths from 18 to 25 cm. Most affected fish were pale and lethargic with haemorrhages and ulcers on the skin. The most significant gross pathological changes were varying degrees of ascites and enlargement of the spleen, kidney and liver. Obvious white nodules, varying in size, were found in these organs. Bacteria were either coccal or filamentous in appearance, with bead-like forms. Isolates from diseased fish were characterized using the API ZYM (Analytical profile index; Bio Mérieux, France) systems and conventional tests and identified as Nocardia sp. The isolate was designated NS127 and was confirmed as N. seriolae by a polymerase chain reaction assay that gave the expected specific 432 bp amplicon. In addition, its 16S rDNA sequence gave 100% sequence identity with N. seriolae . A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, heat shock protein gene and RNA polymerase gene (rpo B) of NS127 and the type strain of N. seriolae BCRC 13745 formed a monophyletic clade with a high sequence similarity and bootstrap value of 99.9%. White nodules induced in experimental fish were similar to naturally infected cases and N. seriolae was re-isolated on brain heart infusion agar. This is the first report of N. seriolae -infection in three striped tigerfish in aquaculture. 相似文献
2.
An epizootic in seawater-cage reared large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, in China was caused by a Nocardia sp. from August to October 2003. The cumulative mortality rate was 15% and the diseased fish were 16 months old with individual length varying from 25 to 30 cm. Multiple, white nodules, 0.1-0.2 cm in diameter, were scattered on the heart, spleen and kidney. The morphology of isolated bacteria from Lowenstein-Jensen medium and tryptic soy agar was bead-like or long, slender, filamentous rods. Experimental infection indicated that the isolated bacterium was the pathogen responsible for the mortalities. A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the organism and the type strain of Nocardia seriolae JCM 3360T (Z36925) formed a monophyletic clade with a high sequence similarity of 99.9%. Based on the morphological, physiological, biological properties and the phylogenetic analysis, the pathogenic organism was identified as N. seriolae. This is the first report on N. seriolae-infected large yellow croaker in aquaculture. 相似文献
3.
[鱼师]诺卡菌（Nocardia seriolae）是危害中国南方大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）养殖业的主要病原之一,由于该菌在培养基上生长缓慢,对其分离鉴定造成诸多不便。文章根据[鱼师]诺卡菌16S-23S转录间隔区（ITS）序列设计特异性引物建立了[鱼师]诺卡菌特异性PCR快速检测方法。试验结果表明,利用设计的特异性PCR引物只能扩增出[鱼师]诺卡菌特异性片段,检出限为5pg模板DNA。在此基础上研制了PCR快速检测试剂盒并对[鱼师]诺卡菌人工感染的大口黑鲈组织进行了检测,结果显示该试剂盒能从未出现明显发病症状的大口黑鲈组织中检出阳性片段,阳性率为100％,比传统细菌分离鉴定方法更加灵敏、快速且高效,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
4.
5.
Infections by the gill fluke Zeuxapta seriolae are a serious concern for sea cage aquaculture of kingfish, Seriola lalandi. The present study aimed to determine the pathophysiological effects of a progressive infection with Z. seriolae and the effects of treatment with hydrogen peroxide. For the progression of infection study, infected fish were taken from a sea cage farm, treated to remove parasites and then infected by cohabitation with heavily infected fish. Samples were taken at 2-week intervals for 8 weeks. Infection intensity peaked at 4 weeks post-infection (mean intensity 565.9) and the number of mature worms (2 mm fixed length or larger) peaked at 6 weeks post-infection. Attachment of Z. seriolae appeared to cause little localized pathology; however, the occurrence of hyperplastic lamellae increased as the infection progressed. Haemoglobin concentrations were negatively correlated with Z. seriolae intensity and were lower than controls at 4 weeks (35.8% decrease) and 6 weeks (57.4% decrease) post-infection. Blood lactate concentration and plasma osmolality increased throughout the course of infection. For the effect of treatment experiment, groups of infected and non-infected fish were sampled either before or after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Treated fish from both infected and uninfected groups had increased plasma lactate, osmolality and pH compared with pre-treatment groups. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide appeared to have acute effects on fish health but the magnitude (e.g. lactate, osmolality) and extent of the effects (e.g. haemoglobin) was much less than that caused by chronic infection with Z. seriolae. 相似文献
6.
网箱养殖大黄鱼诺卡氏菌病的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
首次报道了大黄鱼诺卡氏菌病的发生情况。病鱼以体表和心、脾、肾等内脏出现白色结节为主要症状，平均死亡率15％。对病鱼进行细菌分离培养和光镜、电镜检查，均发现长或短的丝状分枝状杆菌。用分离菌株作回归感染，证实为该大黄鱼结节病的病原菌。对病原菌的基本生物学特性进行了研究，确定病原为诺卡氏菌。 相似文献
7.
S.-C. CHEN 《Journal of fish diseases》1992,15(1):47-53
Abstract. The Formosa snakehead, Channa maculata (Lacepède), and the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) and/or intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation of Nocardia asteroides isolated from cultured Formosa snakehead, Typical granulomatous lesions induced by the experimental fish were similar to the naturally infected cases. The Formosa snakehead showed 100% and 93% mortality at 14 and 35 days after i.m. inoculation with 8 mg and 0·8 mg of bacterial suspension, respectively. The largemouth bass was slightly resistant to N. asteroides but still had 95% mortality at 35 days after inoculation (i.m.) with 8 mg bacterial suspension. The bacteria were easily reisolated from spleen and kidney of the experimental fish. Many typical multifocal granulomata were found at the sites of injection and the internal organs such as liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, intestine, gills, eyes and brain. The result indicated that the N. asteroides isolated from the field ease was pathogenic to Formosa snakehead and largemouth bass. 相似文献
8.
Shimahara Y Nakamura A Nomoto R Itami T Chen SC Yoshida T 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(7):481-488
The phenotypic and genetic characterizations of 58 isolates of the fish pathogen Nocardia seriolae , from amberjack, Seriolae dumerili , yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata , Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus , and chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, in Japan from 1970–2005, were examined to investigate the epidemiological relationship between isolates. The phenotypic and genetic characterizations were determined by α-glucosidase activity and biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) analysis, respectively. There was no α-glucosidase activity in strains isolated from 2000–05 ( n = 50) with a few exceptions ( n = 3), while all strains isolated from 1970–90 ( n = 8) were positive. In BSFGE analysis, digestions with restriction enzymes Xba I and Ase I produced 15 and 16 restriction patterns, respectively. All restriction patterns obtained from 50 strains isolated during 2000–05 were unrelated to those obtained from eight strains isolated during 1970–90, with the exception of two strains isolated during recent outbreaks. Based on the phenotypic and genetic characterizations, recent outbreaks of nocardiosis in Japan are suggested to be epidemiologically unrelated to earlier outbreaks in Japan. Although a low genetic relationship was observed in the restriction pattern between recent and earlier isolates, identity was confirmed between these groups of isolates because five representative strains showed 99.9% homology with N. seriolae ATCC43993T in the 16S rRNA sequence. 相似文献
9.
Torrecillas S Makol A Caballero MJ Montero D Dhanasiri AK Sweetman J Izquierdo M 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(8):591-602
The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; 4 g kg?1; Bio‐Mos, Alltech Inc, USA) in diets for European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), juveniles in relation to disease and stress resistance, combining intestinal infection with Vibrio anguillarum and stress challenge by confinement, were assessed in this study. After 8 weeks of MOS supplementation, fish were exposed to a pathogen challenge test against V. anguillarum by direct gut inoculation combined with a confinement stressor panel. Cumulative mortality of fish fed MOS caused by anally inoculated V. anguillarum decreased from 66% to 12.5% and from 54.1% to 25% in infected and infected + stressed fish, respectively, compared to fish fed control diet. Results for European sea bass revealed a positive effect of MOS dietary inclusion on disease resistance, in terms of cumulative mortality, against gut inoculated V. anguillarum, as well as reduced effects of stress on microbiota diversity. Both of these findings, together with the enhanced innate immune response and the higher gut mucus production and density of eosinophil granulocytes in gut mucosa obtained in previous studies after MOS supplementation ( Torrecillas et al. 2007, 2011a,b ) suggest that general reinforcement of the innate immune system, and particularly of the intestinal barrier efficiency, is the main defence mechanism of European sea bass fed MOS against pathogenic microorganisms. 相似文献
10.
The use of an indirect elisa for the detection of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), antibody to nodavirus is described. The sera of 110 adult sea bass (78 females and 32 males) maintained in captivity were analysed, and the females were individually classified in seropositive (16%) and seronegative (56%) groups, while some fish (28%) with low but detectable antibody levels were not classified. The proportion of seropositive males was smaller (3.1%) than the females. Repeated serological examination of 18 individually labelled females (spawners) revealed no changes over 5 months. The immunization of sea bass females with heat-killed nodavirus induced antibody titre as reflected by corresponding changes in elisa optical density readings. The antibody level increased 4 weeks post-immunization and was still detectable after 41 weeks. These preliminary results suggest the possibility of detecting virus-positive or virus-negative animals in attempts to reduce and prevent the vertical transmission of the virus in sea bass hatcheries. 相似文献
11.
Challenge methods for inducing nocardiosis, caused by Nocardia seriolae in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, were evaluated. The first method involved intraperitoneal injection of 1.1 x 10(2), x 10(3) and x 10(4) cfu of N. seriolae; the second was by bath immersion with three different concentrations of bacterial suspension for 10 min; the third was by intradermal injection using a multipuncture device; the fourth was by oral administration using a tube; the fifth was based on the co-habitation of uninfected fish with others that had been artificially infected, i.e. intraperitoneally or by immersion for 10 min. The LD(50) values for the infection trials were 1.9 x 10(2) (intraperitoneal injection), 1.5 x 10(4) mL(-1) (immersion), 4.3 x 10(6) (intradermal injection) and 1.7 x 10(7) (oral administration). In the co-habitation challenge, mortalities were 70% and 50% in groups of non-infected fish mixed with fish infected by the i.p. injection and immersion methods, respectively. Fish challenged by intraperitoneal injection developed adhesions. Fish challenged by other methods did not show any gross clinical signs and moribund fish were similar to natural infection. 相似文献
12.
A. S. Overton F. J. Margraf C. A. Weedon L. H. Pieper & E. B. May 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2003,10(5):301-308
Several species of bacteria have been isolated from diseased striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), in Chesapeake Bay. Mycobacteria species are of particular interest because of their association with chronic lesions in both fish and humans. The resulting disease in fish may be characterised by emaciation, inflammation of the skin, exophthalmia (pop‐eye), ascites (dropsy), open lesions, and ulceration. The prevalence of mycobacterial infection in 217 striped bass in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay was determined to provide evidence of decreased overall condition of fish affected by these bacteria. The density of the granulomas was higher in the spleen and head kidney than either the heart or liver, and appeared to be most closely associated with the presence of an external lesion. Thirty‐eight per cent of the fish showed some sign of an external lesion. Granulomas appeared in at least one organ in 53% of the fish sampled regardless of the presence or absence of an external skin lesion. Condition factor was significantly higher for striped bass without external lesions (0.96) than those with lesions (0.82). Striped bass with no internal granulomas and no external lesion had the highest condition factor (0.99) and fish with granulomas and external lesions the lowest (0.81). Slopes of the regression loge weight (g) and loge length (mm) for striped bass with external lesions was significantly higher than those fish without external lesions and had a lower r2. The results suggest that striped bass that are infected with mycobacteria have decreased overall health. 相似文献
13.
M. H. HOLLEY & M. J. MACEINA M. THOMÉ-SOUZA B. R. FORSBERG 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2008,15(2):93-98
Abstract The middle portion of the Rio Negro River in Brazil near the equator supports a popular recreational sport fishery for speckled peacock bass, Cichla temensis (Humboldt). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fishing mortality on this population. Fish were collected from sport-fishing ( n = 72) and commercial ( n = 103) catches and otoliths were aged to estimate longevity, growth and natural mortality. Recreational anglers in this region seek to catch, then release, larger speckled peacock bass; and fish larger than 62 cm standard length (SL) (about 4.5 kg) served as a bench mark to assess the potential impact of subsistence and commercial harvest on the abundance of larger fish in the sport fishery. Time of opaque band formation on otoliths generally coincided with the dry season (November to April); these bands appeared to form once per year, but formation was highly variable. Speckled peacock bass grew to 62 cm SL on average in 6.4 years, but some fish obtained this size in 4–5 years. Maximum age was 9 years, but most fish were less than 7 years. Instantaneous annual natural mortality ( M ) estimated from maximum size, longevity and growth ranged from 0.19 to 0.44. Simulation modelling predicted that exploitation rates of fish >25 cm SL similar to the estimated natural mortality rates would reduce the abundance of fish >62 cm by 67–89% compared with no harvest. Even modest exploitation rates of 5% and 10% would result in approximately 30–50% reduction, respectively, of these larger fish. Abundance of large speckled peacock bass that sustains the sport fishery is susceptible to low rates of exploitation in this remote region of Brazil. 相似文献
14.
鰤鱼诺卡氏菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据GenBank中蛳鱼诺卡氏菌16S-23S rRNA基因序列设计并合成一对特异性引物,经反应体系优化后建立了检测蛳鱼诺卡氏菌的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,该方法线性关系良好,标准曲线的相关系数为0.998;溶解曲线分析显示产物为单一的特异峰;检测灵敏度可达10 6μg/μL的DNA含量,与嗜水气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、麦氏弧菌不发生交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。应用建立的方法在蛳鱼诺卡氏菌病爆发时期,对16份鱼体组织、养殖水体、饲料等样品进行了检测,结果 7份为阳性,与细菌分离、培养检查结果 100%相符。既能检测发病鱼,又能检出未发病且已感染的病鱼,对病害的早期防控体现应用价值。结果表明,建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法具有特异、敏感、快速、定量等优点,可用于蛳鱼类致病鱼诺卡氏菌的快速检测。 相似文献
15.
Development,distribution and expression of a DNA vaccine against nodavirus in Asian Seabass,Lates calcarifier (Bloch, 1790) 
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下载免费PDF全文 S Vimal M A Farook N Madan S Abdul Majeed K S N Nambi G Taju N Sundar raj S Venu R Subburaj A R Thirunavukkarasu A S Sahul Hameed 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1209-1220
Fish nodavirus (betanodavirus), a viral pathogen responsible for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) was isolated from infected Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The distribution, clearance and expression of nodavirus vaccine, on the basis of DNA vaccine (pFNCPE42 DNA‐pcDNA3.1) construction, were analysed in tissues of the Asian seabass by PCR, RT‐PCR, ELISA and Immunohistochemistry. Fish immunized with a single intramuscular injection of 20 μg of the pFNCPE42‐DNA vaccine showed a significant increase in the serum antibody level in the 3rd week after vaccination, compared to control eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 vaccinated fish. Results from PCR studies indicated that the vaccine‐containing plasmids were distributed in heart, intestine, gill, muscle and liver 10 days after vaccination. Clearance of pFNCPE42‐DNA vaccine was studied at 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days of post vaccination (d p.v). At 100 days p.v. pFNCPE42‐DNA was cleared from muscle of vaccinated sea bass. In vitro and in vivo expression of fish nodavirus capsid protein gene (FNCP) was determined by fluorescent microscopy. Asian seabass was immunized with pFNCPE42‐DNA vaccine at a dose of 20 μg per fish and were challenged with betanodavirus by intramuscular injection. The vaccinated seabass was protected from nodaviral infection and 77.33% of relative percent survival (RPS) was recorded. 相似文献
16.
应用浓度为108CFU/ml的0.4%甲醛灭活鰤鱼诺卡氏菌Nocardia seriolea,经超声波破碎后对乌鳢进行腹腔注射,剂量为0.5 ml/尾,对照组同法等量注射灭菌生理盐水。分别于实验第0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21天抽取乌鳢血液,测定其血细胞数、血清总蛋白含量及血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性。结果显示,注射灭活鱼师鱼诺卡氏菌后,乌鳢血细胞数呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在实验第12天时注射组血细胞数显著高于对照组;血清总蛋白含量在实验第9天后均高于对照组;血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和溶菌酶等活性在实验时间内均发生了显著的变化。研究结果表明,灭活菌苗的刺激能引起乌醴血细胞的增殖以及血清中各非特异性免疫指标的变化,从而提高机体自身的免疫保护力。 相似文献
17.
为探明患结节病蓝鳃太阳鱼的病因,从蓝鳃太阳鱼(Lepomis macrochirus)脾脏结节处分离获得一病原菌SD1810。通过菌落形态、细菌生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定所得菌株为鰤鱼诺卡氏菌(Nocardia seriolae)。人工回归感染试验结果显示,注射浓度为2.8×107 CFU/mL的菌液能使蓝鳃太阳鱼患病致死,发病症状与原感染鱼相似。从死亡太阳鱼体内可重新分离到与SD1810形态特征、生理生化指标相一致的病菌。对分离获得的鰤鱼诺卡氏菌进行药敏试验分析,结果表明,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌SD1810对红霉素、利福平、庆大霉素、氯霉素、阿米卡星、氟苯尼考等10种抗生素极其敏感,对头孢唑啉,诺氟沙星,青霉素、氨苄青霉素和阿莫西林等6种抗生素具有耐药性。 相似文献
18.
为研究乌鳢诺卡氏菌的致病机理,本实验通过病原分离鉴定、组织病理学和基因表达水平分析对病原菌的致病性、药物敏感性及乌鳢的免疫抗性进行了研究。结果显示,患病乌鳢主要感染了命名为SDAT 0011病原菌,通过菌落形态观察、革兰氏染色鉴定、生理生化鉴定、16S rRNA鉴定及诺卡氏菌特异序列扩增鉴定,结果均显示该病原菌为诺卡氏菌。将分离的SDAT 0011感染健康乌鳢后,1×105～1×108 CFU/mL注射组的死亡率均为100%,感染乌鳢出现明显的诺卡氏菌病症状,如内脏出血,肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中有大量大小不等的结节,组织病理切片进一步检测发现,结节分界清晰,结节中有大量的淋巴细胞、受损或死亡的组织细胞。药物敏感性实验发现,诺卡氏菌对利福平等抗生素较为敏感,对青霉素等具有较强的抗性。基因表达分析显示,在感染初期(48 h)及中后期,Toll样受体2基因(TLR2)和Toll样受体13基因(TLR13)在脾脏和头肾的表达水平显著上调,而趋化因子受体9基因(CCR9)在脾脏和头肾中显著下调,这表明乌鳢Toll样受体和趋化因子受体信号通路可能在其抵抗诺卡氏菌感染中起重要作用。本实验为乌鳢诺卡氏菌病的... 相似文献
19.
Bakopoulos V Hanif A Poulos K Galeotti M Adams A Dimitriadis GJ 《Journal of fish diseases》2004,27(1):1-13
Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, was grown in vivo. Bacterial cells and extracellular products (ECPs) were analysed via electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis, using specific sea bass antisera. Growth in vivo induced the synthesis of unique bacterial cell proteins at > 206, 206, 21.3, 18, 7.6 and < 7.6 kDa. Sea bass serum raised against live bacterial cells of the pathogen and especially a sea bass serum raised against formalin-inactivated bacterial cells grown in a specific novel medium recognized the novel antigens at > 206 (associated with iron sequestration), 21.3, 7.6 and < 7.6 kDa, suggesting that the latter medium conserves the synthesis of natural bacterial cell proteins in vitro. In vivo growth of the pathogen induced the synthesis of more toxic ECPs in comparison with in vitro growth and an inverse correlation between total protein concentration in the ECPs and toxicity per unit of protein was observed. Substrate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed the presence of in vivo synthesized ECPs of the pathogen (proteases) at 175, 132, < 79 and 48.3 kDa. Histological examination of tissues isolated from fish injected with these ECPs revealed inflammatory and necrotic lesions in the spleen, liver, head kidney, intestine and heart as soon as 48 h post-introduction of the ECPs. 相似文献
20.
Dietary saponins and phytosterols do not affect growth,intestinal morphology and immune response of on‐growing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Couto T.M. Kortner M. Penn A.M. Bakke Å. Krogdahl A. Oliva‐Teles 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(6):970-982
This study was the first to investigate the effect of soy antinutrients, saponins and phytosterols, in on‐growing sea bass. Seven diets were formulated: a control diet (fishmeal and fish oil based) and six diets containing 1 or 2 g kg?1 levels of soya saponins, 5 or 10 g kg?1 levels of phytosterols or a combination of 1 g kg?1 saponins + 5 g kg?1 phytosterols or 2 g kg?1 saponins + 10 g kg?1 phytosterols. After a 59 days feeding trial fish were weighed, faeces collected for digestibility studies and plasma sampled for cholesterol quantification. At day 15 and 59, distal intestine (DI) samples were collected for histological evaluation and quantification of maltase (Malt), alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities. At day 59, DI was collected for gene expression of AlP, Malt and immune related genes. Antinutrients had no effect on fish performance, digestibility, plasma cholesterol levels and digestive enzymes activities and gene expression. Only mild morphological changes were present in groups fed high levels of saponins + phytosterols. Expression of immune related genes showed no differences between groups. Overall, on‐growing sea bass showed high tolerance to dietary antinutrients up to the levels tested. 相似文献