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指出了植物造景是根据不同植物种类的观赏特性创造景观,反映各类植物的自然美景。以本溪枫叶广场为研究对象,分析研究了植物景观营造特色及植物景观的空间划分,运用层次分析法(AHP)建立了植物景观评价体系,对植物景观的视觉效果、生态效益和服务功能几个方面进行了综合评估。结果表明:准则层中权重值最高的为生态效益,其次是视觉质量,权重值最低的为服务功能,方案层中权重值最大的为植物颜色与季相变化,权重值最小的是绿地可达性。 相似文献
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桂花专类园植物景观综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择长江流域建成多年的3个桂花专类园为研究对象,利用AHP的方法,以景观质量、生态效益和服务功能3个准则层为主,建立了桂花专类园的植物景观评价体系;并对30个群落样地进行了景观评价。结果表明:准则层的权重值从高到低为生态效益>景观质量>服务功能,综合评价指数的平均值从高到低为上海桂林公园(82.60%)>南京灵谷寺公园(78.10%)>苏州桂花公园(68.60%)。结果显示:该评价体系适合于植物专类园的植物景观评价,尤其是可利用定量分析的评价结果来更好地指导植物专类园的植物景观设计。 相似文献
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以河南省巩义市海上桥村为研究对象,以可视性、风景景观质量和视觉吸收力3个准则层和11个评价因子构建视觉景观评价体系,运用AHP层次分析法对数据进行处理,并对海上桥村视觉景观进行评价。结果显示,3个准则层权重值从高到低排序为可视性(0.539 6)>风景景观质量(0.297 0)>视觉吸收力(0.163 4)。海上桥村视觉景观综合评分为3.287 4,总体景观效果属于“一般”水平,评价等级为Ⅲ级。针对可视性、景观质量和视觉吸收力给出了优化措施。 相似文献
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以柳州市居住区为研究对象,选取其中30个植物景观单元作为评价样方,运用层次分析法(AHP法)进行评价,以构建居住区植物景观评价体系。结果表明,准则层权重值排序为生态功能Y1(0.539 6)>美学功能Y2(0.297 0)>服务功能Y3(0.163 4)。指标层前四位权重值排序为植物间的协调共生性X4(0.244 1)>植物生活型多样性X3(0.172 6)>植物色彩与季相变化X6(0.119 4)>植物观赏特性多样性X5(0.088 6)。30个样方的综合评分值均在6.7~7.9分之间,这表明柳州市居住区植物景观总体较好。基于评价结果,推荐了8个优秀的植物景观配置模式,具有一定的实践指导意义。 相似文献
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选取甘肃连城国家级自然保护区为研究对象,通过调查了解保护区天然林资源保护工程二期实施情况,从生态、经济和社会效益3个层面选取15个评价指标,建立评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)对甘肃连城国家级自然保护区天然林资源保护工程二期效益进行综合评价。结果表明,在综合评价中权重值表现为：生态效益>社会效益>经济效益,而在15个评价指标中,森林覆盖率权重值最大,生物多样性和森林蓄积量权重值略次之;职工年收入增长率、自然资源开发程度、社会知名度权重值最小,对综合评价的影响较小;三大效益评价值相差较大,生态效益评价结果为一级,经济效益评价结果为四级,社会效益评价结果为一级。评价结果表明,甘肃连城国家级自然保护区天保工程效益综合评价结果为一级,保护区天保工程实施成效显著。 相似文献
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对广州市越秀、天河、荔湾和海珠 4 个区 106 个样点的立体绿化情况进行调查与统计分析,得到共有 80 个样点应用了立体绿化景观,立体绿化应用率为 75.47%,其中天河区的应用率最高,为 88.46%,荔湾区的应用率最低,为 66.67%。应用植物种类共 42 科 72 属 86 种,包括草本植物 45 种,木本植物 24 种,藤本植物 17 种,种数应用最多的科是天南星科和百合科,使用频率较高的种是鹅掌藤 Heptapleurum arboricola、光叶子花 Bougainvillea glabra、肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia、使君子 Quisqualis indica 和绿萝Epipremnum aureum 等,植物种类应用较为集中、单一。立体绿化景观设计类型以棚架、桥体和墙面绿化为主,立柱和斜坡绿化较少;植物栽培形式主要有绿篱式、悬挂式、攀爬式、模块式等。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献