共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
基于巴拉格尔河流域1959—2015年的水文、气象和社会经济等数据,采用累积距平法、改进的Mann-Kendall趋势检验法和累积量斜率变化率比较法等,定量分析了年代、水文年、季和月尺度下的径流变化规律及主要驱动因素。结果表明:巴拉格尔河流域径流量在各时间尺度均呈现显著减少趋势,而各气候要素的波动变化趋势不明显,流域内社会经济快速发展,人类活动显著;径流量在2000年代最小,相对于1960年代来说减少了74.78%;流域径流变化最显著的突变点为1998年,变化期(1999—2015年)与基准期(1959—1998年)相比,该流域气候波动对径流减少的贡献率仅为28.86%,而人类活动对径流减少的贡献率达到71.14%,因此,人类活动是引起径流量减少的主要驱动因素。 相似文献
2.
近40年来托木尔峰南部地区气候及水文环境变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西天山托木尔峰南部地区1987年以来出现了气候由暖干向暖湿转变趋势,在温度大幅上升的基础上,降水量和冰川融水量持续增加,相应的水文与生态环境也发生了显著的改善。本文在综合分析区域内水文、气象观测资料的基础上,对托木尔峰南部地区近40年来气温、降水以及径流量变化的基本趋势、不同海拔高度气温、降水变化差异,以及同一流域山区和平原区径流量变化的差异进行了深入分析。研究表明,受水汽输送途径和研究区地形地貌的影响,区域降水主要集中在托木尔峰南部山区;气候转型的原因是和北大西洋向东输送的水汽增加、西风气流加强有关;海拔2000m左右区域1987年以来气候向暖湿转化最为明显;近40年来由于气温升高,导致冰川消融补给河流量增加15%,但由于人类活动和粗放农业的发展,区域耗水量不断增加,导致塔里木河径流量不断减少,中下游生态环境急剧恶化。 相似文献
3.
祁连山区气候变化与流域径流特征研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
用气候学、水文学及统计学方法,分析了国家级祁连山森林生态站长期定位监测数据,气温、降水对流域径流的影响关系,据此研究了该流域水热条件下流域径流,分析得出试验流域多年平均降水量为354.3mm,年平均气温为1.6℃,年平均出山径流为118.2mm,径流系数为0.33;随着季节温度的升高,径流量呈增加之势,反之亦然;随季节降水量的增加,径流量同时也呈增加的趋势。研究表明了温度、降水与流域出山径流量密切相关,为不同季节气候变化对流域径流的影响提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
密云水库流域入库径流量变化特征及归因研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用累积距平法、小波分析和累积量斜率变化率比较法,对密云水库流域1960～ 2014年入库径流量时间序列进行研究.结果表明:1)密云水库流域入库径流量存在两个突变年份,即1979和1998年.2)1979年前流域径流量基本上呈增加趋势;1980～1998年,径流量呈先减后增的趋势;1999年后,径流量呈明显减少趋势.3)密云水库流域入库径流量序列存在7a和16a左右的震荡周期,持续时间分别为1960～ 2000年和1960～ 2014年.4)气候变化和人为活动对入库径流量影响具有阶段性特征:1979年以前,气候是影响径流量波动的主要因素;1980 ～1998年,气候因素是径流增加的原因之一,人为因素成为影响径流量减少的主要因素;1999年以后,人为活动仍是入库径流减少的主要原因;与1980～1998年相比,其对径流量减少的影响有所降低,气候变化对入库径流量减少的贡献率略有增加. 相似文献
5.
气候变化和人类活动是河川径流变化的主要驱动力。在相似气候的前提下,人类活动是流域径流变化的主导因素,定量识别人类活动对径流变化的作用机制对深入探究径流的变化特征具有重要意义。本研究以秦岭月河流域为研究对象,基于流域内水量平衡的基本原理,在相似气候的前提下,结合土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的变化,分析月河流域的径流变化来量化人类活动对径流的影响程度。结果表明:(1)1960—2018年流域内径流量的平均值为8.3×108m3,径流整体呈现出减少的趋势,变化趋势不显著。(2)在相似气候的前提下,本研究共得出6组气候相似年组,其中有3组年径流量增加,2组年径流量减少。(3)以第3组相似年组(2000年和2016年)为例来定量区分气候变化和人类活动对流域径流的影响,2016年与2000年相比,径流减少了4.7×108m3。(4)在第3组相似年组的时段内有25751.4 hm2的耕地转化为林地,林地面积增加了24998.9 hm2。(5... 相似文献
6.
为能够较好的认识气候变化对冬雨型河流河川径流量的影响,更好的指导冬雨型河流水资源的合理开发利用,基于收集的水文气象资料,在分析研究区水文特性及气候变化规律的基础上,通过构建的三水源新安江水文模型及设定的不同气候情景,探讨了冬雨型河流河川径流量对气候变化的响应。结果表明:瓦赫什河降水主要发生于冬春季,夏季降水量偏少,降水对径流影响不大,气温的高低直接决定着瓦赫什河的河川径流量;山区与平原区降水均呈弱的增加趋势,气温均呈升高趋势,相对而言,平原区气温升高趋势比山区更明显;通过所构建水文模型及设定不同的气候情景可以看出,对于冬雨型河流在区域研究区气温的变化比降水量变化对河川径流量影响更加敏感,气温升高河川径流量增多明显;逐月平均径流以4月、5月和10月对气候的变化最为明显,其中以4月和10月增多最显著,以5月径流减少最明显。 相似文献
7.
石岚徐丽娜 《干旱区资源与环境》2014,(12):105-110
以黄河内蒙古流域为研究区,利用GIS/RS技术获取流域水循环空间分布信息,选取黄河上游石嘴山、中游万家寨水文站为研究区的入、出站,利用近30年的降水等气象资料和近10年的水文资料,构建了基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型的黄河流域内蒙古区间的降雨径流模型。通过对模型的校准、验证,初步分析了该区间降水与径流量的关系及水量平衡。结果表明:黄河流域内蒙古区间农用灌溉、池塘蓄水等人为因素对径流量的影响要大于气候变化对其的影响;且在干旱的气候条件下,降水少,蒸散发量较大,从年尺度上看,通过降雨形成的径流量是非常有限的。构建的模型基本能够反映黄河流域内蒙古的月径流水文过程,水量平衡分析也揭示了当地干旱气候下径流的特征。 相似文献
8.
水土保持对小流域地表径流时间特征变化的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文用小流域平行对比观测法 ,分析了水土保持对小流域地表径流时间变化的影响 ,结果表明 :水土保持能减少年径流量 ,减少洪水次数 ,降低地表径流模数 ,增加流域蓄水量40 %～ 60 %。治理小流域能有效拦蓄汛期降水 ,增加非汛期常水流量 2 0 %以上 ;在拦蓄暴雨径流中能发挥较大的作用 ,蓄暴效益平均可达 60 %～ 70 %。 相似文献
9.
北方干旱化对水土资源与粮食安全的影响及适应——以陕北地区为例 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
运用气候变率、线性回归、因子相关分析等方法,对1975-2005年陕北农牧交错区降水、温度变化进行分析,得出气候暖干化趋势显著的结论。对土地、水和粮食安全与干旱化相关系数离散程度分析表明:在气候干旱化作用和煤炭资源过量开发影响下,区域生态环境退化严重;以无定河、延河流域为例,发现流域年降水量每增加10%,其径流量增加22.22%,径流深度加深4.47%,年降水量每减少10%,径流量减少15.98%,径流深度减少3.56%的规律;粮食、牧草受暖干化影响,需水胁迫加剧,出现了产量降低,品质下降,草场承载力下降等问题;最后,针对土地、水和粮食安全对干旱化的响应,提出了适应性对策。 相似文献
10.
气候变化对天山山区高寒盆地水资源变化的影响——以巴音布鲁克盆地为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巴音布鲁克盆地河流的径流演变过程受到气候变化和人类活动的双重影响。利用气候敏感法和水量平衡法,定量分析变化期气候变化对径流的影响。结果表明:巴音布鲁克盆地变化期(1994—2010年)的年径流量比基准期(1960—1993年)增加了27.29%,其中约66.52%是由气候变化引起的。气候变化对径流量影响的主导因素是降水量的变化,降水量变化对巴音布鲁克盆地径流增加的贡献率为62.67%,而受温度升高引起冰川融水量增加对径流量的影响为21.28%,人类活动对地表径流的影响为12.2%,其中还包括盆地土壤水量变化的影响。 相似文献
11.
In this study,we analyzed the hydrological and meteorological data from the Syr Darya River Basin during the period of 1930–2015 to investigate variations in river runoff and the impacts of climate change and human activities on river runoff.The Syr Darya River,which is supplied by snow and glacier meltwater upstream,is an important freshwater source for Central Asia,as nearly half of the population is concentrated in this area.River runoff in this arid region is sensitive to climate change and human activities.Therefore,estimation of the climatic and hydrological changes and the quantification of the impacts of climate change and human activities on river runoff are of great concern and important for regional water resources management.The long-term trends of hydrological time series from the selected 11 hydrological stations in the Syr Darya River Basin were examined by non-parametric methods,including the Pettitt change point test and Mann-Kendall trend tests.It was found that 8 out of 11 hydrological stations showed significant downward trends in river runof f.Change of river runoff variations occurred in the year around 1960.Moreover,during the study period(1930–2015),annual mean temperature,annual precipitation,and annual potential evapotranspiration in the river basin increased substantially.We employed hydrological sensitivity method to evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on river runoff based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration.It was estimated that human activities accounted for over 82.6%–98.7%of the reduction in river runoff,mainly owing to water withdrawal for irrigation purpose.The observed variations in river runoff can subsequently lead to adverse ecological consequences from an ecological and regional water resources management perspective. 相似文献
12.
根据流域内气象、水文站点的长期观测数据,利用线性趋势、相关系数、累积距平、Mann-kendall(M-K)突变检验等方法分析不同区域的干、湿季气候变化特征,并假定不同的气候情景组合,分析径流对气候变化的响应程度。结果表明:(1)1957-2015年4个单元气温和降水量呈增加趋势;除上游外,相对湿度、平均风速和大风日数呈减小趋势,流域径流量呈增加趋势。(2)气温在1996年发生突变;降水量未出现明显突变点;相对湿度在2005年左右发生突变;除下游外,平均风速在1983年发生突变;径流量于1993年发生突变,突变后径流量增加了9.08×10^8m^3。(3)相关性分析显示,流域径流量与湿季平均气温、平均最低(最高)气温呈极显著正相关,与湿季平均风速、大风日数和相对湿度呈负相关,除上游径流与干季降水量呈正相关外,其他区域与降水量呈负相关。(4)敏感性分析表明,当降水量不变,气温升高1℃,径流量增加9.06%;当气温不变,降水量增加10%,径流量减小1.67%,这主要与径流组成有关。流域77.4%的径流量来自雪冰融水补给,当降水量增加时,气温降低,减少了冰川积雪的融化,因而流域径流与气温呈正相关,与降水量呈负相关,且对气温变化更敏感。 相似文献
13.
黑河上游山区径流变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
河川径流的演变既呈现一定的趋势性,又存在一定的突变性。趋势可以反映径流序列总体的演变规律,突变则可以说明径流序列的某些统计规律何时发生变化。文中分别采用Mann-Kendall检验法和非参数累积和检验法针对黑河上游山区径流序列的趋势和突变特征进行了探讨。结果表明:扎木什克站春、夏、秋季径流和年平均径流量略有增加,冬季径流显著减少;莺落峡站春、夏、秋季径流有所增加,冬季显著减少,年平均径流呈微弱减少趋势。扎木什克站1、2、12月平均径流及冬季径流序列在90年代初出现变点,变点后径流序列的均值较变点前有所减少;莺落峡站4月份径流在1992年存在变点,变点后径流序列的均值较变点前有所增加。 相似文献
14.
WANG Yuejian 《干旱区科学》2021,13(6):581-598
Changing climatic conditions and extensive human activities have influenced the global water cycle. In recent years, significant changes in climate and land use have degraded the watershed ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In this paper, variations of runoff, temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, lake area, socio-economic water usage, groundwater level and water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin from 1961 to 2015 were systematically analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test methods(M-K) mutation test, the cumulative levelling method, the climate-sensitive method and land-use change index. In addition, we evaluated the effects of human activities on land use change and water quality. The results reveal that there was a significant increase in temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2015, despite a decrease in reference evapotranspiration. The Wenquan station was not significantly affected by human activities as it is situated at a higher altitude. Runoff at this station increased significantly with climate warming. In contrast, runoff at the Jinghe station was severely affected by numerous human activities. Runoff decreased without obvious fluctuations. The contributions of climate change to runoff variation at the Jinghe and Wenquan stations were 46.87% and 58.94%, respectively; and the contributions of human activities were 53.13% and 41.06%, respectively. Land-use patterns in the basin have changed significantly between 1990 and 2015: urban and rural constructed lands, saline-alkali land, bare land, cultivated land, and forest land have expanded, while areas under grassland, lake, ice/snow and river/channel have declined. Human activities have dramatically intensified land degradation and desertification. From 1961 to 2015, both the inflow into the Ebinur Lake and the area of the lake have declined year by year; groundwater levels have dropped significantly, and the water quality has deteriorated during the study period. In the oasis irrigation area below the runoff pass, human activities mainly influenced the utilization mode and quantity of water resources. Changes in the hydrology and quantity of water resources were driven primarily by the continuous expansion of cultivated land and oasis, as well as the growth of population and the construction of hydraulic engineering projects. After 2015, the effects of some ecological protection projects were observed. However, there was no obvious sign of ecological improvement in the basin, and some environmental problems continue to persist. On this basis, this study recommends that the expansion of oasis should be limited according to the carrying capacity of the local water bodies. Moreover, in order to ensure the ecological security of the basin, it is necessary to determine the optimal oasis area for sustainable development and improve the efficiency of water resources exploitation and utilization. 相似文献
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Estimating the snow cover change in alpine mountainous areas (in which meteorological stations are typically lacking) is crucial for managing local water resources and constitutes the first step in evaluating the contribution of snowmelt to runoff and the water cycle. In this paper, taking the Jingou River Basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China as an example, we combined a new moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover extent product over China spanning from 2000 to 2020 with digital elevation model (DEM) data to study the change in snow cover and the hydrological response of runoff to snow cover change in the Jingou River Basin under the background of climate change through trend analysis, sensitivity analysis and other methods. The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020, the annual average temperature and annual precipitation in the study area increased and snow cover fraction (SCF) showed obvious signs of periodicity. Furthermore, there were significant regional differences in the spatial distribution of snow cover days (SCDs), which were numerous in the south of the basin and sparse in the central of the basin. Factors affecting the change in snow cover mainly included temperature, precipitation, elevation, slope and aspect. Compared to precipitation, temperature had a greater impact on SCF. The annual variation in SCF was limited above the elevation of 4200 m, but it fluctuated greatly below the elevation of 4200 m. These results can be used to establish prediction models of snowmelt and runoff for alpine mountainous areas with limited hydrological data, which can provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of water resources in alpine mountainous areas. 相似文献
17.
绿洲耗水对阿克苏河流域地表径流的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高分辨率辐射计获得的遥感资料提取研究区的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,干旱区绿洲NDVI对径流响应敏感,根据经验,NDVI>0.2区域识别为绿洲,进一步提取绿洲范围内的NDVI累计数据,将其作为以农业活动为主的人类活动综合因素,结合径流资料,分析了1982-2006年阿克苏河流域绿洲耗水和地表径流之间的关系。结果表明：1982-2006年阿克苏河流域出山径流量相对研究初期增加21.4%,同期,绿洲耗水量相对增加53.2%,绿洲NDVI累计相对研究初期增加35.3%,绿洲面积增加33.4%;阿拉尔站径流量、绿洲耗水与绿洲来水量均呈正相关,表明中游绿洲扩张消耗的出山径流量增加;绿洲NDVI累计自河道向两侧变化剧烈程度逐步加强。同时,绿洲NDVI累计整体上从绿洲边缘向绿洲内部增加趋势逐步加强;考虑绿洲降水情景,NDVI累计和绿洲面积的相关性均大于未考虑绿洲降水情景,表明降水对绿洲起到了支撑、维护作用,对绿洲面积的贡献为25.2%。对比冰川径流、出山径流和流域降水的变差系数(Cv),加上冰川径流对绿洲面积的贡献为33.4%,表明冰川径流有调节出山径流量和维持绿洲规模相对稳定的作用。 相似文献
18.
开都河源区径流变化的气候响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化下的山区径流时空变异特征是干旱区水文水资源研究的热点之一。本研究选择天山南坡开都河流域源区为典型研究区,基于1958-2017年大山口水文站和巴音布鲁克水文站径流数据,及巴音布鲁克气象观测数据,采用TFPW-MK趋势检验、小波分析与小波相干等方法分析径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近60 a来,开都河源区径流、降水、气温呈显著增加趋势,并且径流量、降水量与最高气温的增率在加快,而平均气温与最低气温的增率减缓;径流量、降水与平均气温的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代,并且均存在28 a的周期;夏季径流量增加主要受夏季升温的影响,而早春径流量增加主要与冬季降水增加、早春升温有关;在年尺度上,降水是影响开都河径流变化的主要因素,气温主要以积温形式影响着径流的变化;在月尺度上,积温与降水均与径流呈显著正相关关系,且源区上游径流较下游径流对气温变化更为敏感。 相似文献
19.
《干旱区科学》2016,(2)
In recent years, climate change has been aggravated in many regions of the world. The Hexi Corridor is located in the semiarid climate zone of Northwest China, which is particularly affected by climate change. Climate change has led to the spatial and temporal variations of temperature and precipitation, which may result in hydrological drought and water shortage. Thus, it is necessary to explore and assess the drought characteristics of river systems in this area. The patterns of hydrological drought in the Hexi Corridor were identified using the streamflow drought index(SDI) and standardized precipitation index at 12-month timescale(SPI12) from 1960 to 2013. The evolution of drought was obtained by the Mann–Kendall test and wavelet transform method. The results showed that both the mean annual SDI and SPI12 series in the Hexi Corridor exhibited an increasing trend during the study period. According to the results of wavelet analysis, we divided the study period into two segments, i.e. before and after 1990. Before 1990, the occurrence of droughts showing decreased SDI and SPI12 was concentrated in the northern part of the corridor and shifted to the eastern part of the corridor after 1990. The probability of drought after 1990 in Shule River basin decreased while increased in Shiyang River basin. The wavelet analysis results showed that Shiyang River basin will be the first area to go through the next drought period. Additionally, the relationships between drought pattern and climate indices were analyzed. The enhanced westerly winds and increased precipitation and glacier runoff were the main reasons of wet trend in the Hexi Corridor. However, the uneven spatial variations of precipitation, temperature and glacier runoff led to the difference of hydrological drought variations between the Shule, Heihe and Shiyang River basins. 相似文献
20.
新疆叶尔羌河源流区气候暖湿化与径流的响应研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
应用卡群水文站和塔什库尔干气象站1961-2006年的观测资料,分析了叶尔羌河流域源区气温和降水的变化特征以及径流对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近46 a来叶尔羌河源区气温总体呈上升趋势,而降水量呈增加的趋势;对气温与降水序列进行统计检验,得出该地区气温增加的趋势显著,降水增加的趋势不显著,气温的增加趋势大于降水。气温是叶尔羌河源区径流量变化的主要影响因素,夏季平均气温与年径流量的相关系数最大,为0.81。与新疆地区其他河流不同的是,7-8月降水量与年径流量呈负相关的关系,相关系数为-0.57;在降水量不变的情况下,径流量随气温升高而增加;在气温不变的情况下,径流量随降水量的增加而减少。 相似文献