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1.
基于SWAT模型的内蒙古闪电河流域径流模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以内蒙古闪电河流域为研究对象,采用分布式水文模型SWAT对闪电河流域水文过程进行模拟,模型采用1962～1975年月径流资料进行参数率定,将1986-2001年作为模型的检验期对模型的适用性进行评估。结果表明:实测与模拟的逐月流量总体较为接近,率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数均大于0.60,实测与模拟的月流量之间的相关系数在0.65以上,率定期的多年平均相对误差小于5%。由于人类活动的影响,验证期的模拟误差相对较大,超过12%。总体来看,SWAT模型参数经多次率定之后,能够较好地模拟干旱半干旱地区的径流过程,在同类地区具有一定的适用性。模拟过程中,对于降水量突然增大的月份,SWAT模型对月径流量的模拟结果往往超过实测值一倍,直接导致整个模拟过程的误差偏大。然而,模拟值与降水量在年内分配上却表现出很好的相关性,降水偏大的月份径流量敏感性大。同时,SWAT模型模拟径流结果受参数影响很大,调整融雪参数值,模拟精度在原有基础上相对提高。 相似文献
2.
SWAT模型及SUFI-2算法在秃尾河上游流域径流模拟中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建处于干旱和半干旱地区的秃尾河流域(上游)的水文、气象、土地利用土壤等数据库,利用基于分布式的SWAT模型对该流域的水文过程和产流机制进行模拟,并通过改进的SUFI-2算法对模型参数进行不确定分析、率定和验证,探讨SWAT模型在于旱和半干旱流域的适应性.采用1977-1983年的月径流实测数据进行模型率定,用1984-1989年的月径流数据进行模型验证.验证结果表明:该研究流域年径流相关系数(R2)和模型效应系数(Ens)均小于0.6(通常认为当模拟结果期望值大于0.6时,模型能比较准确地描述了研究流域的水文过程);月径流相关系数和模型效应系数超过或者接近0.6的水平;汛期(5-10月)模型径流相关系数和效应系数最高(超过或接近0.8).研究表明通过改进的SWAT-SUFI模型能较好地模拟研究流域的汛期径流,而对全年径流和枯水期的径流模拟不够理想. 相似文献
3.
以内蒙古自治区黄旗海流域霸王河上游地区为研究区,运用农业政策与环境拓展模型APEX(Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender)对流域径流和产沙量进行模拟。采用集宁水文站1983-1996年径流和产沙量的实测值对模型进行校准,并用1997-2011年径流和产沙量的实测值验证模型。运用Nash-Suttcliffe系数(Ens)、决定系数(R2)、平均百分误差的绝对值(APE)评价模型在黄旗海流域的适用性。采用Ens0.3,R20.5,APE≤25%作为模型适用性评价标准。结果显示校准期Ens在0.43~0.75之间,R2在0.52~0.81之间,APE20%,验证期除年产沙量的R20.5,其他评价指标数值都在评价标准内。说明APEX可用于模拟不同气候和土地管理条件下黄旗海流域的水文和水土流失过程,并对研究我国北方农牧交错带水文和生态过程具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
用水文模型模拟流域的径流过程有助于我们掌握流域径流的影响因素及变化趋势。文中以塔吉克斯坦国瓦赫什河流域为研究区,采用含融雪结构的新安江模型模拟该流域1976-1985年的月径流过程,利用出山口实测径流数据对模型进行率定和检验。模拟径流过程基本符合实际径流过程的变化趋势,径流量相对误差在20%以内。结果表明:含融雪结构的新安江模型基本可以反映该流域产、汇流的主要物理机制;瓦赫什河流域径流对气温的变化较敏感,并与气温有较好的同步性。 相似文献
5.
天山北坡山区流域融雪径流模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
天山北坡山区流域资料稀缺,融雪径流模拟比较困难。以天山北坡的乌鲁木齐河、玛纳斯河和奎屯河流域为例,利用水文气象资料和冰雪遥感数据,建立流域融雪径流SRM模型,以2007年3—8月为模拟校准期,2005年和2006年3—8月为模拟检验期,模拟3个资料稀缺山区流域融雪日径流,检验模拟结果和模型的有效性,评价SRM模型在资料稀缺流域的适用性。结果表明:3个流域SRM模型融雪径流模拟具有比较好的模拟效果。在模拟校准期间,3个流域R2平均值为0.85,D_V平均值为9.42%,模拟精度比较高;在模拟检校期,2006年3个流域R~2平均值为0.72,D_V平均值为13.3%,2005年R~2平均值为0.78,D_V平均值为4.85%,表明3个流域SRM模型的参数估算合理,建立的SRM模型是有效的,SRM模型在天山北坡的资料稀缺山区流域融雪径流模拟中具有其适用性。 相似文献
6.
基于SWAT的内蒙古西柳沟孔兑径流模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用SWAT模型对内蒙古十大孔兑之一的西柳沟流域进行了径流模拟,并使用SWAT-CUP结合SUFI-2算法进行了参数敏感性分析、参数率定、模型验证.研究结果表明:率定期和验证期线性拟合系数R2,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别均超过了0.6和0.5,说明SWAT模型在西柳沟流域具有一定的适用性.比较模拟径流和实测径流的水文过程线,发现模拟径流在夏汛时期模拟效果较好,春汛及其他降雨较少的月份模拟效果较差,原因可能是西柳沟流域处于干旱半干旱地区,降雨时空分布不均且其流量较小,除汛期外,其它月份流量都小于1m3/s.为更好地模拟该流域的径流,SWAT模型仍有待改进. 相似文献
7.
8.
天山北坡融雪期土壤湿度特征及其影响因子 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以天山北坡军塘湖流域为研究区,测量2009年和2010年该地区不同深度土壤湿度的变化,并对2 a融雪期各土壤湿度进行比较。结果表明：2 a间 0 cm和10 cm土壤湿度变化趋势一致,20 cm和30 cm土壤湿度变化差异较大。运用相关分析方法,分析2009年各层土壤湿度与2 m气温、土壤温度及雪深的关系,得出各层土壤湿度变化是气温、雪深和土壤温度综合作用的结果,但在不同时期不同深度土壤湿度所受的影响因子不同。同时分析了2009年和2010年不同土壤湿度特征与融雪洪水洪峰的关系,得出在融雪期,若下层（20 cm以下）土壤湿度变化小则出现洪水,反之则无洪水。其结果为进一步研究融雪径流模型和洪水径流预报提供基础资料。 相似文献
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10.
开都河流域降水与径流年内分配特征及其变化的同步性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于开都河流域巴音布鲁克气象站和大山口水文站1960-2007年的逐月降水和径流数据,文中通过采用集中度与集中期为量化指标,对开都河流域降水和径流的年内分配变化以及两者变化的同步性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)不同年代降水与径流年内分配各自具有明显的差异,80年代夏季降水量与夏季径流量显著偏小,而2000-2007年却显著偏大,同时这时期年径流量显著增多、最大径流量出现时间较其他年代有所推迟;(2)近48年来,降水量和径流量的集中度都有缓慢的下降趋势,两者的年际变化有很好的同步性。降水量和径流量的集中期有微弱的上升趋势,但它们的同步性较差;(3)不同年代冬季降水量与同期径流量变化是不同步的,而年内其他季节,径流量分配过程主要依赖于降水量变化,降水和径流峰值表现出了很强的同步性。 相似文献
11.
Simulation of hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins: taking the Heihe Mainstream River as an example 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZhenLiang YIN HongLang XIAO SongBing ZOU Rui ZHU ZhiXiang LU YongChao LAN YongPing SHEN 《干旱区科学》2014,6(1):16-26
The hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins are complicated.It is absolutely significant to quantify mountainous runoff for social,economic and ecological purposes.This paper takes the mountainous watershed of the Heihe Mainstream River as a study area to simulate the hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins by using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)model.SWAT simulation results show that both the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and the determination coefficient values of the calibration period(January 1995 to December 2002)and validation period(January 2002 to December 2009)are higher than 0.90,and the percent bias is controlled within±5%,indicating that the simulation results are satisfactory.According to the SWAT performance,we discussed the yearly and monthly variation trends of the mountainous runoff and the runoff components.The results show that from 1996 to 2009,an indistinctive rising trend was observed for the yearly mountainous runoff,which is mainly recharged by lateral flow,and followed by shallow groundwater runoff and surface runoff.The monthly variation demonstrates that the mountainous runoff decreases slightly from May to July,contrary to other months.The mountainous runoff is mainly recharged by shallow groundwater runoff in January,February,and from October to December,by surface runoff in March and April,and by lateral flow from May to September. 相似文献
12.
水碳耦合模型能够为干旱区水碳资源综合管理提供重要的工具支持。以塔里木河干流上游区为研究对象,在深入分析WaSSI-C模型（Water Supply Stress Index-Carbon model）理论方法和运行机理的基础上,结合研究区自然地理环境特征,补充冰川融化计算模块,以增强模型在研究区的适用性。在此基础上,将研究时段划分为率定期（2000-2009年）和验证期（2010-2015年）,利用实测的径流数据和MODIS数据产品的蒸散（ET）和总生态系统生产力（GEP）数据,以相关系数(R2)和效率系数（NS）为主要统计指标,探讨了不同时期WaSSI-C模型在研究区的适用性。流域总径流在率定期和验证期对比验证的R2分别为0.72和0.68,NS为0.71和0.67;ET在率定期和验证期对比验证的R2分别为0.60和0.64,NS为0.60和0.56;GEP率定期和验证期对比验证的R2分别为0.68和0.61,NS为0.66和0.69;除ET在验证期的NS为0.56以外,模拟结果的2个评价指标均保持在0.6及以上,可见模型能够很好地模拟塔里木河干流上游区水碳资源的动态变化。 相似文献
13.
开都河源区径流变化的气候响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化下的山区径流时空变异特征是干旱区水文水资源研究的热点之一。本研究选择天山南坡开都河流域源区为典型研究区,基于1958-2017年大山口水文站和巴音布鲁克水文站径流数据,及巴音布鲁克气象观测数据,采用TFPW-MK趋势检验、小波分析与小波相干等方法分析径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近60 a来,开都河源区径流、降水、气温呈显著增加趋势,并且径流量、降水量与最高气温的增率在加快,而平均气温与最低气温的增率减缓;径流量、降水与平均气温的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代,并且均存在28 a的周期;夏季径流量增加主要受夏季升温的影响,而早春径流量增加主要与冬季降水增加、早春升温有关;在年尺度上,降水是影响开都河径流变化的主要因素,气温主要以积温形式影响着径流的变化;在月尺度上,积温与降水均与径流呈显著正相关关系,且源区上游径流较下游径流对气温变化更为敏感。 相似文献
14.
MAHMOODI Nariman 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):545-560
Water resources are precious in arid and semi-arid areas such as the Wadis of Iran. To sustainably manage these limited water resources, the residents of the Iranian Wadis have been traditionally using several water use systems (WUSs) which affect natural hydrological processes. In this study, WUSs and soil and water conservation measures (SWCMs) were integrated in a hydrological model of the Halilrood Basin in Iran. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the hydrological processes between 1993 and 2009 at daily time scale. To assess the importance of WUSs and SWCMs, we compared a model setup without WUSs and SWCMs (Default model) with a model setup with WUSs and SWCMs (WUS-SWCM model). When compared to the observed daily stream flow, the number of acceptable calibration runs as defined by the performance thresholds (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)≥0.68, -25%≤percent bias (PBIAS)≤25% and ratio of standard deviation (RSR)≤0.56) is 177 for the Default model and 1945 for the WUS-SWCM model. Also, the average Kling-Gupta ef?ciency (KGE) of acceptable calibration runs for the WUS-SWCM model is higher in both calibration and validation periods. When WUSs and SWCMs are implemented, surface runoff (between 30% and 99%) and water yield (between 0 and 18%) decreased in all sub-basins. Moreover, SWCMs lead to a higher contribution of groundwater flow to the channel and compensate for the extracted water by WUSs from the shallow aquifer. In summary, implementing WUSs and SWCMs in the SWAT model enhances model plausibility significantly. 相似文献
15.
Climate change may affect water resources by altering various processes in natural ecosystems. Dynamic and statistical downscaling methods are commonly used to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources. Objectively, both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, we assessed the impacts of climate change on water resources during the future periods (2020-2029 and 2040-2049) in the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin, Xinjiang, China, and discussed the uncertainties in the research processes by integrating dynamic and statistical downscaling methods (regional climate models (RCMs) and general circulation modes (GCMs)) and utilizing these outputs. The reference period for this study is 1990-1999. The climate change trend is represented by three bias-corrected RCMs (i.e., Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 regional climate model (HadGEM3-RA), Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4), and Seoul National University Meso-scale Model version 5 (SUN-MM5)) and an ensemble of GCMs on the basis of delta change method under two future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We applied the hydrological SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model which uses the RCMs/GCMs outputs as input to analyze the impacts of climate change on the stream flow and peak flow of the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin. The simulation of climate factors under future scenarios indicates that both temperature and precipitation in the study area will increase in the future compared with the reference period, with the largest increase of annual mean temperature and largest percentage increase of mean annual precipitation being of 2.4°C and 38.4%, respectively. Based on the results from bias correction of climate model outputs, we conclude that the accuracy of RCM (regional climate model) simulation is much better for temperature than for precipitation. The percentage increase in precipitation simulated by the three RCMs is generally higher than that simulated by the ensemble of GCMs. As for the changes in seasonal precipitation, RCMs exhibit a large percentage increase in seasonal precipitation in the wet season, while the ensemble of GCMs shows a large percentage increase in the dry season. Most of the hydrological simulations indicate that the total stream flow will decrease in the future due to the increase of evaporation, and the maximum percentage decrease can reach up to 22.3%. The possibility of peak flow increasing in the future is expected to higher than 99%. These results indicate that less water is likely to be available in the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin in the future, and that the temporal distribution of flow may become more concentrated. 相似文献
16.
JI Huiping 《干旱区科学》2021,13(6):549-567
The accurate simulation and prediction of runoff in alpine glaciated watersheds is of increasing importance for the comprehensive management and utilization of water resources. In this study, long shortterm memory(LSTM), a state-of-the-art artificial neural network algorithm, is applied to simulate the daily discharge of two data-sparse glaciated watersheds in the Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia. Two other classic machine learning methods, namely extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost) and support vector regression(SVR), along with a distributed hydrological model(Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) and an extended SWAT model(SWAT_Glacier) are also employed for comparison. This paper aims to provide an efficient and reliable method for simulating discharge in glaciated alpine regions that have insufficient observed meteorological data. The two typical basins in this study are the main tributaries(the Kumaric and Toxkan rivers) of the Aksu River in the south Tianshan Mountains, which are dominated by snow and glacier meltwater and precipitation. Our comparative analysis indicates that simulations from the LSTM shows the best agreement with the observations. The performance metrics Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NS) and correlation coefficient(R~2) of LSTM are higher than 0.90 in both the training and testing periods in the Kumaric River Basin, and NS and R~2 are also higher than 0.70 in the Toxkan River Basin. Compared to classic machine learning algorithms, LSTM shows significant advantages over most evaluating indices. XGBoost also has high NS value in the training period, but is prone to overfitting the discharge. Compared with the widely used hydrological models, LSTM has advantages in predicting accuracy, despite having fewer data inputs. Moreover, LSTM only requires meteorological data rather than physical characteristics of underlying data. As an extension of SWAT, the SWAT_Glacier model shows good adaptability in discharge simulation, outperforming the original SWAT model, but at the cost of increasing the complexity of the model. Compared with the oftentimes complex semi-distributed physical hydrological models, the LSTM method not only eliminates the tedious calibration process of hydrological parameters, but also significantly reduces the calculation time and costs. Overall, LSTM shows immense promise in dealing with scarce meteorological data in glaciated catchments. 相似文献
17.
Catchments dominated by meltwater runoff are sensitive to climate change as changes in precipitation and temperature inevitably affect the characteristics of glaciermelt/snowmelt, hydrologic circle and water resources. This study simulated the impact of climate change on the runoff generation and streamflow of Chu River Basin(CRB), a glacierized basin in Central Asia using the enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT). The model was calibrated and validated using the measured monthly streamflow data from three discharge gauge stations in CRB for the period 1961–1985 and was subsequently driven by downscaled future climate projections of five Global Circulation Models(GCMs) in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) under three radiative forcing scenarios(RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). In this study, the period 1966–1995 was used as the baseline period, while 2016–2045 and 2066–2095 as the near-future and far-future period, respectively. As projected, the climate would become warmer and drier under all scenarios in the future, and the future climate would be characterized by larger seasonal and annual variations under higher RCP. A general decreasing trend was identified in the average annual runoff in glacier(–26.6% to –1.0%), snow(–21.4% to +1.1%) and streamflow(–27.7% to –6.6%) for most of the future scenario periods. The projected maximum streamflow in each of the two future scenarios occurred one month earlier than that in the baseline period because of the reduced streamflow in summer months. Results of this study are expected to arouse the serious concern about water resource availability in the headwater region of CRB under the continuously warming climate. Changes in simulated hydrologic outputs underscored the significance of lowering the uncertainties in temperature and precipitation projection. 相似文献
18.
近30 a来开都河上游径流量变化的气候响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用巴音布鲁克水文站1980-2010年逐日径流量观测资料,采用线性趋势分析、多元回归分析等方法,研究了近30 a来开都河上游4-9月径流量的变化特征。同时,基于同期巴音布鲁克气象站气温、降水资料,探讨开都河上游气温与降水变化对春季径流量的影响。结果显示：开都河上游年径流量在过去30 a呈明显增加趋势。其中4-6月月平均径流量没有明显变化趋势,7-9月径流量增加明显。虽然年径流量主要分布在夏季,但年最大日径流量大多发生在春季4、5月份。进一步分析表明,前期冬季降水量与当年春季增温均对春季径流量有极显著的影响。 相似文献