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菜籽饼(粕)是一种优质的蛋白资源,但由于其含有硫代葡萄糖甙等抗营养因子而限制了其应用。本文就菜籽饼(粕)中主要的抗营养因子硫代葡萄糖甙及其降解产物、芥酸、植酸和单宁等的检测方法进行综述,以推进菜籽饼(粕)资源在我国畜牧生产中的充分有效应用。 相似文献
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<正> 据统计,我国菜籽饼(粕)年产量约为350万吨,仅次于加拿大,居世界第二位,但仅有5％用作饲料,其余均作为肥料消耗掉了。菜籽饼蛋白质含量约为38％～43％,相当于机榨大豆饼(40.2％)。一、菜籽饼粒所含毒素和抗营养因素 1.硫代葡萄糖甙(芥子甙) 菜籽饼中硫代葡萄糖甙是阴离子,以盐的形式存在于菜籽饼中。芥子甙本身对动物无毒性。但是,芥子甙在芥子酶的催化下可降解生成4种对动物的甲状腺、肝脏及肾脏有毒害作用的物质,即硫氰酸盐、异流氰酸盐、噁唑烷硫酮及腈类化合物。 相似文献
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<正> 本试验以添加菜籽饼缺乏的Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)等进行液体发酵来去除菜籽饼中的硫葡萄糖甙,着重考察添加元素后菜籽饼发酵过程中的pH值变化及菌种的生长情况。 相似文献
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菜籽饼是芸苔属几种油料作物榨油后的副产品。含蛋白质32-36％,氨基酸比较完全,是很好的蛋白质饲料。对猪的消化能约为2880大卡/公斤,代谢能2700大卡/公斤,对鸡的代谢能为1760大卡/公斤。油菜是我国的主要油料作物之一,菜籽饼产量很大。由于含有毒素,限制了菜籽饼作为蛋白质饲料的广泛使用。研究菜籽饼的脱毒方法,对扩大蛋白饲料来源有重要意义。菜籽饼含硫葡萄糖甙,经芥籽酶水解后产生异硫氰酸盐和嗯唑烷硫酮。硫葡萄糖甙对家畜无毒。水解后生成的异硫氰酸盐和嗯唑烷硫酮对家畜有毒,毒素主要作用于甲状腺,与甲状腺素结合,使促甲状腺过度分泌,形成甲状腺肿大。也影响肾上腺 相似文献
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菜籽饼是一种营养丰富的高蛋白质饲料。但目前真正利用的比例还很小。这一方面是因为菜籽饼含有硫葡萄糖甙,在一定条件下生成异硫氰酸盐、恶唑烷硫酮等有毒物质;另一方面是由于养猪户对饲喂菜籽饼的效果不明确。为了充分利用这一蛋白质饲料,我们在国营于潜良种场对三种菜籽饼及鱼粉进行了限量喂猪的饲养对比试验。一、试验的目的一是了解脱毒比未脱毒菜籽饼喂育肥猪时日粮中的最高用量和较佳用量;二是用菜籽饼与鱼粉饲喂育肥猪, 相似文献
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菜籽饼中粗蛋白质含量约33—38％,是家畜的一种较好的蛋白质饲料。但是,菜籽饼中含有硫葡萄糖甙,它被芥籽酶水解后,产生异硫氰酸盐,噁唑烷硫酮等有毒物质,影响家畜的生长发育,限制了菜籽饼的广泛利用。为了给生产上合理利用提供科学依据,我们在全省九个地州市三十五个县采集不同加工类型的菜籽饼样品四十七个、当前面上种植的主要油菜品种七个,引进的低毒 相似文献
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菜籽饼是一种利用潜力非常大的植物蛋白质饲料资源,是畜禽主要的蛋白质来源,但菜籽饼中的抗营养因子含量较高,其水解产物对动物具有一定的毒性作用,从而使菜籽饼在畜禽日粮中的应用受到很大程度的限制。通过育种途径已将菜籽饼中的硫葡萄糖甙降到0.3%以下;然而菜籽饼中的其他抗营养因子如植酸含量仍达3.0%～9.9%,是植物性蛋白饲料中植酸含量最高的。植酸是很强的螯合剂,能 相似文献
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Defa Li Xi Pengbin Gong Liming Fan Shijun Huang Canghai 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(5):339-349
Studies were conducted with ten barrows, average initial body weight 34.5 +/- 2.1 kg, fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, to study the accuracy of determination of the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) values of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in rapeseed meal and cake and the effects of processing, using the difference method. Five corn starch-based diets in the studies were formulated to contain 17.7% CP and based on soybean meal, prepress-extraction rapeseed meal, prepress-extraction rapeseed meal plus soybean meal, high-temperature press rapeseed cake plus soybean meal, or low-temperature press rapeseed cake plus soybean meal as the sole source of dietary protein. The design was an incomplete Latin Square involving two three-week periods and five-treatments. It was found that the AID values of CP and most AA determined with the difference or direct method were significantly lower in rapeseed meal or cakes than soybean meal. The AID values of CP and most AA in prepress-extraction rapeseed meal, high-temperature press or low-temperature cakes determined with the difference method were no difference from those in prepress-extraction rapeseed meal determined with the direct method. The AID values of CP and AA in rapeseed meal and cake determined with the difference method were accurate, when the contribution of CP and AA from rapeseed was more than 50%. The AID values of CP and AA (especially lysine) were lower in the high-temperature press rapeseed cake than in the low-temperature press cake or the prepress-extraction meal. 相似文献
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F Sch?ne F Tischendorf M Leiterer H Hartung J Bargholz 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,55(4):333-350
Rapeseed press cake (per kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP and 23.3 mmol glucosinolates) was tested in a long-term experiment with a total of sixty pigs (live weight range 24 to 104 kg). The 3 x 2 factorial design consisted of three rapeseed press cake levels (no rapeseed press cake--control, 75 g or 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet) each with two iodine dosages (125 or 250 micrograms supplementary iodine per kg diet). Reduced feed intake and depressed weight gain were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet, which correspond to 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. At an inclusion level of 75 g rapeseed-press cake per kg diet no differences in feed intake and growth intensity were recorded in comparison to the rape feed free control. The rapeseed-press cake diet increased the weight of thyroid gland and liver and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher iodine dosage increased the serum T4 concentration of pigs receiving 75 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet (= 1.6 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet) to the level of the control group and retarded the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the iodine content of the thyroid gland, however, there was no significant difference between groups given 1.6 and 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. The vitamin A content of the whole liver and the vitamin A serum concentration were not influenced by the diets tested. However, rapeseed press cake and the glucosinolates, respectively, decreased the vitamin A concentration per gram liver due to the organ enlargement and the resulting dilution effect. 相似文献
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(1) Apparent ileal and total tract protein digestibilities of rapeseed meal and cake and soybean meal and cake were assayed in growing turkeys at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age. (2) In addition, the effect of killing technique on apparent ileal protein digestibility values obtained by a slaughter method and effect of rapeseed feeding on size of specific organs were studied. (3) Protein digestibility coefficients of rapeseed products were mostly 0.10 to 0.15 units lower than those of soybean products. Ileal digestibility of protein increased slightly or remained unchanged from 4 to 8 weeks and decreased thereafter. No effect of feed processing method (meal vs cake) on ileal digestibility was observed. (4) Killing the birds by carbon dioxide inhalation and bleeding led to slightly lower ileal digestibility values than mechanical stunning and neck dislocation. (5) Total tract digestibility of protein decreased from 4 to 8 weeks of age for soybean meal and rapeseed meal but increased for soybean cake and rapeseed cake. From 8 to 12 weeks of age total tract digestibility of protein decreased for all the products tested. (6) Feed containing rapeseed led to enlargement of thyroid glands and hearts, but did not affect liver size or mortality. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛（母牛）为试验动物,按照单因素随机区组设计,将20头试验牛分为5组,每组4头牛。不同试验组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕（对照）、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜籽粕和42%紫苏饼为蛋白质原料配制的5种不同的精饲料。试验持续120 d,其中预饲期15 d,正试期105 d。试验期间,测定每头试验牛每天的摄入氮、尿氮及粪氮,测定日粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率。结果表明：① 42%紫苏饼组摄入氮含量最高,36%菜籽粕组最低,但各组间氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;36%菜籽粕组的粪氮显著高于28%和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与31%豆粕组和14%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;② 42%紫苏饼组的沉积氮最高,与其他各组均差异显著（P<0.05）,其中31%豆粕组显著高于36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）;③ 42%紫苏饼组的DM、ADF表观消化率显著高于31%豆粕组和36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）,14%和28%紫苏饼组的DM、OM和NDF的表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）;④ 14%紫苏饼组尿液中尿素氮含量显著高于31%豆粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与36%菜籽粕组和28%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;31%豆粕组尿液中马尿酸氮含量显著高于36%菜籽粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,而这3组均显著高于14%和28%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）;31%豆粕组的尿囊素氮含量显著高于42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,与其他3组差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组的肌酸氮、微生物氮预测值、尿素氮/尿氮、肌酸氮/尿氮和嘌呤衍生物氮/尿氮均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,本试验条件下,精料中用42%紫苏饼代替31%豆粕,肉牛氮沉积最高,比对照组高3.65 g/d;DM、OM、NDF、ADF的表观消化率分别比对照组高3.45%、2.22%、6.56%、10.98%。 相似文献
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The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of perilla cake and rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal on the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle.20 Qinchuan beef cattle of about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected and divided into 5 groups with 4 cattle in each group according to the univariate randomized block design.Five different protein feeds treatments were 31% soybean meal,36% rapeseed meal,14% perilla cake+24% rapeseed meal,28% perilla cake+12% rapeseed meal and 42% perilla cake,respectively.The experiment lasted 120 days,of which the pre-feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 105 days.During the test,the daily intake of nitrogen,urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of each test cow were determined.The results showed that:① The 42% perilla cake group had the highest nitrogen intake,and the 36% rapeseed meal group had the lowest nitrogen content,and the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05).The manure nitrogen in 36% rapeseed meal group was significantly higher than 28% and 42% perilla cake groups (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference with 31% soybean meal group and 14% perilla cake group (P>0.05).② The 42% perilla cake group had the highest sedimentary nitrogen,which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05),and the 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).③ The apparent digestibility of DM and ADF in 42% perilla cake group were significantly higher than those in 31% soybean meal group and 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NDF between 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P>0.05).④ The content of urea nitrogen in 14% perilla cake group was significantly higher than 31% soybean meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and it was not significantly different from the 36% rapeseed meal group and 28% perilla cake group (P>0.05).The 31% soybean meal group had significantly higher nitrosate nitrogen content than 36% rapeseed meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and these three groups were significantly higher than 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P<0.05).Allantoin nitrogen in 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the other three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in creatine nitrogen,microbial nitrogen predicted value,urea nitrogen/urine nitrogen,creatine nitrogen/urine nitrogen,and purine derivative nitrogen/urine nitrogen among all groups (P>0.05).In summary,in this test,when 42% perilla cake was used instead of 31% soybean meal in the concentrate,the beef cattle had the highest nitrogen deposition,which was 3.65 g/d higher than 31% soybean meal group.The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF and ADF were 3.45%,2.22%,6.56%,and 10.98% higher than 31% soybean meal group,respectively. 相似文献
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Birgitta Johansson Elisabet Nadeau 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3-4):128-136
Abstract Organic dairy production will be based entirely on organically grown feeds as of 2008, and thereby a demand is created to find suitable feeds that are possible to grow locally. The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether milk yield and milk composition were maintained when cows were fed a 100% organic diet, with around 15% of dietary DM from cold-pressed organic rapeseed cake, compared to a 95% organic diet, in which a conventional protein source was used. Two experimental groups included 20 cows each and the study was carried out during two indoor periods. For cows fed the rapeseed cake diet, milk yield increased by 3.0 kg/day, but contents of milk fat and milk protein of multiparous cows decreased, resulting in similar yields of energy-corrected milk in early lactation. Milk from cows fed rapeseed cake had increased content of unsaturated fatty acids, including conjugated linoleic acid. In conclusion, it is possible to maintain milk production of dairy cows fed 100% organic feedstuffs using cold-pressed rapeseed cake as the main protein source compared to a 95% organic ration. 相似文献
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试验旨在评估高温加工过程对菜籽饼品质的影响及其在肉鸡日粮中的应用价值,首先对菜籽饼的品质进行了检测分析,然后采用单因子随机分组设计,选取30日龄矮脚黄公鸡270只,随机分为3组(对照组和试验1、2组),每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡,各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0%、4%、8%的菜籽饼,试验为期4周。结果表明,菜籽饼由于经过高温热榨处理,颜色呈深褐色,蛋白质溶解度降低至17.09%,中性洗涤纤维含量升高至42.98%,赖氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸含量均不同程度降低。试验期末,试验1组、试验2组与对照组相比,肉鸡的体重、日采食量、平均日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验1组料肉比有所降低,且鸡饲料成本最低,表现出较好的经济效益。由此可见,菜籽饼品质虽有一定程度下降,但在肉鸡日粮中添加适宜用量可一定程度提高经济效益。 相似文献