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1.
为给不同类型小麦栽培中土壤水分管理提供依据,在盆栽条件下,研究了土壤水分对不同筋力型小麦花后旗叶氮素同化酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,强筋小麦豫麦34花后旗叶中硝酸还原酶(NR)活性表现为:土壤含水量为田间持水量(FC)60%处理的活性最强,其次为40%FC处理, 80%FC处理最低,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性大小关系均为:80%FC处理＞60%FC处理＞40%FC处理.中筋小麦豫麦49旗叶NR、GS总体上以60%FC处理最高.弱筋小麦豫麦50旗叶NR活性基本表现为60%FC处理＞40%FC处理＞80%FC处理,GS活性以80%FC处理为最高.土壤水分适度胁迫可提高籽粒蛋白质含量,豫麦34以 60%FC处理籽粒蛋白质含量最高,豫麦49、豫麦50则以40%FC处理籽粒蛋白质含量最高.不同土壤水分处理下小麦籽粒蛋白质含量与旗叶NR、GS均呈正相关,与GOGAT均呈不显著负相关.  相似文献   

2.
 选用粳稻品种越光与籼稻品种IR72为材料,研究了高温对水稻灌浆期籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）、谷氨酸 草酰乙酸转氨酶（GOT）、谷氨酸 丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）的活性及蛋白质与氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,灌浆期高温下水稻籽粒GOGAT、GOT与GPT活性显著或极显著升高,但籽粒GS活性显著或极显著降低;籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸各组分含量极显著增加。高温下籽粒GS活性显著降低并未影响籽粒蛋白质的合成,认为籽粒GS不是限制水稻蛋白质合成的关键酶。  相似文献   

3.
为探明氮素形态对小麦品质形成的作用,以强筋小麦品种豫麦34为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了酰氨态氮、铵态氮、硝态氮3种氮形态下,小麦花后旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和同工酶活性、籽粒蛋白质及蛋白组分含量的变化及其关系。结果表明,在小麦开花后,GS及其同工酶活性在不同时期受不同氮素形态的影响;GS同工酶在3种氮素形态处理下均呈现三条酶带,分别为GS1、GS2、GSx;铵态氮促进了灌浆前期GS的活性,并提高了GS2活性,酰氨态氮对GS1活性具有促进作用;GS活性受GS2活性的影响较大。不同氮形态对籽粒蛋白含量的影响表现为铵态氮提高了籽粒形成初期蛋白质的含量,酰氨态氮有利于后期蛋白质含量的提高。籽粒蛋白质组分对氮形态的反应不一致。同时,籽粒蛋白的合成与GS及GS同工酶活性相关。在生产上可以通过不同形态的氮源配合使用,调控小麦籽粒蛋白质的含量和各蛋白组分的形成。  相似文献   

4.
为探明不同生态类型小麦氮效率（NUE）差异的生理特征,选用不同半冬性小麦品种(2012-2013年6个,2013-2014年3个)和春性小麦品种（2012-2013年9个,2013-2014年3个)为材料,研究了春性和半冬性小麦花后旗叶和籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性的差异,分析了酶活性与氮效率的相关性。结果表明,在施氮量相同条件下,半冬性小麦灌浆期旗叶及籽粒的平均硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的活性均高于春性小麦;籽粒谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性在灌浆中前期高于春性小麦。在半冬性小麦品种中,旗叶和籽粒GS活性与氮素生理效率（NPE）呈显著或极显著正相关,与氮肥农学效率（NAE）、氮收获指数（NHI）相关性也较高;春性品种中,旗叶和籽粒GS活性与NPE、NHI呈显著或极显著相关,籽粒GS活性与NAE显著相关,说明叶片和籽粒中GS活性可以作为两种类型小麦筛选NPE、NAE、NHI等性状的共性选择指标。半冬性小麦品种NR活性与氮肥吸收效率（NUEa）、氮肥表观利用率（NUR）显著相关;春性品种NR活性与氮肥农学效率（NAE）、氮肥生产效率（NGPE）显著或极显著相关,春性小麦品种籽粒GPT活性与NAE、NPEG活性呈极显著正相关,说明不同生态小麦品种氮效率还可通过其他不同的生理指标进行评价。  相似文献   

5.
为了明确小麦高产栽培的合理空间布局模式,在大田高产栽培条件下研究了行距与株距配置对花后旗叶氮素代谢及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,小麦旗叶氮含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性随籽粒灌浆进程逐渐下降,而谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性呈单峰变化.在整个灌浆期,随着行距与株距比例(行株比)增加,旗叶氮含量呈降低趋势,行株比为6的处理(RP2)旗叶氮含量在花后21 d以后优势明显,表明行株比例配置合理.不同时期旗叶NR活性均以RP2处理最高,其次是行株比为1.5的处理(RP1),行株比过大则NR活性降低.旗叶GS活性在花后0～7 d以行株比为6和10.5(RP3)的处理较高,自花后14 d以后不同处理间表现为RP2最高,其次为RP1和RP3,行株比为15的RP4处理最低.考察最终蛋白质含量及籽粒产量,不同行株比处理间差异为RP2>RP1>RP3>RP4,RP2处理的行株比适宜,蛋白质含量和产量均显著高于其他处理,空间布局最为均匀的RP1处理也具有较好的效果.  相似文献   

6.
硫肥不同用量对花生氮代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨花生在不同硫素水平下氮素代谢特点,选用606为试验材料,硫素设四个水平,测定不同生育时期主要氮代谢酶(硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH))活性和各器官蛋白质含量.结果表明,施用硫肥显著提高花生不同生育时期叶片中NR、GS、GOGAT和GDH活性;显著增加花生营养器官中蛋白质积累量和转移量,提高籽仁中蛋白质含量.其中施硫量为40kg/hm2时,氮代谢酶活性最大,籽仁蛋白质含量最高.  相似文献   

7.
壳聚糖对不结球白菜叶片氮代谢关键酶的调节作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
研究了壳聚糖（chitosan）对氮代谢关键酶[谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）]和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:0.8mg·mL-1壳聚糖溶液喷洒不结球白菜叶片后,GS对NH4+的KM值增大,而GDH对NH4+的KM值变小;在酶活性检测中,GS比活性受到了抑制,而GDH比活性则被提高,GOGAT比活性则表现为先上升后下降;削弱了不结球白菜叶片中的氨同化过程的GS-GOGAT途径,加强了GDH途径;同时,提高了叶片可溶性蛋白含量。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨施氮量对高地力条件下冬小麦花后氮代谢特征及产量的影响,以矮抗58为供试材料,采用大田试验法,研究了0、150、200、250和300 kg.hm-2施氮水平对小麦花后旗叶和籽粒GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及小麦成熟后0-100 cm土壤各层硝态氮积累量的影响。结果表明,施氮量达200 kg.hm-2时能够显著提高旗叶和籽粒中GS活性及游离氨基酸含量,但与250和300 kg.hm-2的施氮量处理间差异不显著;小麦成熟后随着施氮量的增加,0~100 cm土层内硝态氮的残留量上升,小麦成穗数增加,千粒重下降,籽粒蛋白质含量提高;小麦产量在施氮200 kg.hm-2时为最高,在施氮300 kg.hm-2时最低,说明在高地力条件下,小麦实现高产的适宜施氮量为200 kg.hm-2。  相似文献   

9.
为了解返青期断根对黄土高原旱地保护性耕作下小麦产量形成及水分利用的调控作用,在陕西长武县开展旱地秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦返青期断根试验,分析了返青期断根对冬小麦籽粒产量、地上部生物量、收获指数、产量构成三要素、拔节期群体数量、生育期耗水量、水分利用效率、花后旗叶光合特性及衰老特性的影响。结果表明,返青期断根对冬小麦地上部生物量、穗数、粒重和生育期耗水量没有显著影响。与CK(不断根)相比,返青期断根后冬小麦拔节期总茎数减少了11.9%,开花期叶面积指数、花后旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和蒸腾速率提高,分蘖成穗率、穗粒数、籽粒产量、收获指数和水分利用效率分别增加了14.1%、10.5%、8.2%、10.4%、17.5%和20.4%。这说明返青期断根可促进秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦分蘖成穗,增加花后旗叶光合作用,改善穗部结实特性,提高籽粒产量和水分高效利用。  相似文献   

10.
为探究不同灌溉方式和施氮量对冬小麦籽粒氮代谢酶活性及蛋白质产量的影响,以矮抗58为材料,分析了不同灌溉方式（滴灌和漫灌）和施氮量下小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量及灌浆期不同穗位籽粒谷丙转氨酶（GPT）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性的变化。结果表明,与漫灌相比,滴灌处理可显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质产量,施氮量220 kg·hm-2下籽粒产量和蛋白质产量最高;各水氮处理下,小麦不同穗位籽粒GS和GPT活性均随籽粒灌浆进程的推进而降低,花后7～14 d下降迅速,之后下降缓慢;滴灌下,增施氮肥可显著提高灌浆中期中部和下部穗位籽粒GS活性及整个灌浆期各穗位籽粒GPT活性;漫灌下,增施氮肥可显著提高整个灌浆期中部和下部穗位籽粒GS活性及各穗位籽粒GPT活性。相关性分析表明,成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量分别与下部穗位籽粒GS活性、中部和下部穗位籽粒GPT活性呈显著相关,蛋白质产量分别与下部穗位籽粒GS活性和上部穗位籽粒GPT活性呈显著相关,籽粒产量与下部穗位籽粒GS活性及各穗位GPT活性呈显著相关。综合考虑籽粒产量、蛋白质产量及水氮投入认为,滴灌下施氮量220 kg·hm-2可作为该地区小麦适宜栽培模式的参考。  相似文献   

11.
《Field Crops Research》1998,57(3):265-276
The grain quality of wheat is influenced by the protein content, which in turn depends on environmental conditions and cropping practices. We carried out a 3-year field study in a rainfed Mediterranean region on the effects of tillage, crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization on the grain quality of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) in terms of protein content, test weight and alveogram indices. Tillage treatments were no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Crop rotations were wheat–sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) (WS), wheat–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (WCP), wheat–fababean (Vicia faba L.) (WFB), wheat–fallow (WF) and continuous wheat (CW). Fertilizer nitrogen was used at three different rates: 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1. A split–split plot design with four replicates was used. Grain protein content was found to be inversely proportional to rainfall during the growing season. The tillage method was also found to affect grain protein content, test weight and some grain quality indices. Through its effect on moisture and nitrate in the soil. The crop rotations that included a legume (WCP and WFB) had marked effects on wheat quality. The increased grain protein content and resulted in improved rheological properties of the dough (viz. a higher alveogram index and a more balanced tenacity/extensibility ratio). However, no differences due to N dilution in the plant were observed in the wettest year studied, which was also the highest yielding. Increasing the fertilizer N rate increased the grain protein content; this variable had the most marked influence on grain quality indices, though in the year that gave the highest yield the N dilution effect was observed. The many significant interactions among experimental variables reveal a close relationship among grain yield, protein content, grain quality and the wheat growth conditions. Specifically, the amount of rainfall and its distribution in the growing season strongly influenced N availability and uptake by the crop, as well as wheat-grain quality indices.  相似文献   

12.
为探寻旱地小麦休闲期覆盖下的适宜施氮量,在旱地小麦休闲期覆盖与不覆盖条件下,分别设置75、150和225kg·hm-2三个施氮量,分析了休闲期覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦水氮利用效率和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,休闲期覆盖显著提高播种至孕穗期0~300cm土壤蓄水量,其中播种期土壤水分增加70~81mm,其蓄水保墒效果可延续至孕穗期,进而提高了小麦产量和水分利用效率。休闲期覆盖促进了小麦植株对氮素的吸收和积累,增加了植株花前氮素转运量、花后氮素积累量以及籽粒氮素积累量,提高了氮素收获指数和氮素生产效率。休闲期覆盖配施氮素150kg·hm-2时,蓄水、增产和水分高效利用、氮素积累与转运的效果最好。  相似文献   

13.
为明确不同耕作方式配施磷肥对小麦植株氮素吸收和转运的影响,于2012-2013年在山西省闻喜县进行了休闲期深松和传统模式下不同施磷量对小麦氮素吸收和转运影响的大田试验。结果表明,休闲期深松较传统模式提高了小麦各生育阶段（低磷条件拔节-孕穗阶段除外）氮素的吸收速率,提高了小麦各阶段的吸氮量,从而提高了各生育时期植株氮素积累量,以配施磷150 kg·hm-2效果较好;提高了小麦花前氮素转运量、花前转运氮素贡献率和花后氮素积累量;配施磷150 kg·hm-2提高了小麦花前氮素转运率,降低了成熟期叶片氮素积累量,从而提高了籽粒氮素积累量及分配比例。休闲期深松配施磷150 kg·hm-2提高了小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数。休闲期深松配施150 kg·hm-2磷肥,小麦的增产、氮素吸收与转运效果最好。  相似文献   

14.
为探索适宜晋南旱地小麦高效生产的耕作模式,以晋麦92为试验材料,设置休闲期深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松、常规耕作(对照)4个耕作模式,研究其对土壤水分及养分、作物生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式较对照休闲末期3m内土壤蓄水量和土壤蓄水效率显著提高,土壤蓄水效率提高达52.5%~91.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;越冬-孕穗期3m内土壤蓄水量提高,且深松/深松模式与对照差异显著;各生育时期单株干物质积累量提高,且越冬-拔节期深松/深松、深松/深翻模式与对照差异显著,孕穗-成熟期各耕作模式与对照差异均显著;穗数、千粒重、产量和水分利用效率显著提高,其中穗数提高22.7%~29.9%,水分利用效率提高15.1%~21.6%,产量提高39.4%~60.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;收获后0~40cm土层土壤有机质平均含量提高2.5%~8.7%,速效磷含量提高11.1%~34.4%,碱解氮含量提高5.1%~20.2%,以深松/深松模式较好。总之,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式均能提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,改善养分供应状况,有利于促进小麦干物质积累,最终提高产量和水分利用效率,以深松/深松模式最佳。  相似文献   

15.
Available water is typically the biggest constraint to spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains of the USA. The most common rotation for spring wheat is with summer fallow, which is used to accrue additional soil moisture. Tillage during fallow periods controls weeds, which otherwise would use substantial amounts of water, decreasing the efficiency of fallow. Chemical fallow and zero tillage systems improve soil water conservation, allowing for increased cropping intensity. We conducted a field trial from 1998 through 2003 comparing productivity and water use of crops in nine rotations under two tillage systems, conventional and no-till. All rotations included spring wheat, two rotations included field pea, while lentil, chickpea, yellow mustard, sunflower, and safflower were present in single rotations with wheat. Growing season precipitation was below average most years, resulting in substantial drought stress to crops not following fallow. Preplant soil water, water use, and spring wheat yields were generally greater following summer fallow than wheat recropped after wheat or alternate crops. Water use and yield of wheat following summer fallow was greater than for chickpea or yellow mustard, the only other crops in the trial that followed summer fallow. Field pea performed best of all alternate crops, providing yields comparable to those of recropped spring wheat. Chickpea, lentil, yellow mustard, safflower, and sunflower did not perform well and were not adapted to this region, at least during periods of below average precipitation. Following summer fallow, and despite drought conditions, zero tillage often provided greater amounts of soil water at planting compared to conventional tillage.  相似文献   

16.
《Field Crops Research》2001,72(3):197-210
The effect of tillage system, crop rotation and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates on the quality of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied over a 6-year period under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Grain yield, test weight, protein content and alveogram parameters (W: alveogram index; P: dough tenacity; L: dough extensibility; P/L: tenacity–extensibility ratio; G: swelling index) were analyzed. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Crop rotations were wheat–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (WS), wheat–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (WCP), wheat–faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (WFB), wheat–fallow (WF) and continuous wheat (CW). Nitrogen fertilizer rates were 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 on a Vertisol (Typic Haploxerert). A split–split plot design with four replications was used. Weather conditions over the study years strongly influenced wheat yield and quality. Test weights rose considerably with yield and increased rainfall during the filling period, and fell slightly as N rates increased. Grain protein content increased with rainfall in the month of May (when grain protein accumulation occurs) up to a maximum of 80 mm. Grain protein content peaked at average mean temperatures of around 26–27°C. Protein content and alveogram parameter also improved under CT, following a prior legume crop and with rising N fertilizer rates. Alveogram parameters rose with protein content, although the P/L ratio showed greater imbalance. N fertilizer proved to be a key factor in determining bread-making quality, and the best strategy available to the farmer for optimizing wheat quality. However, the influence of weather conditions and soil residual N should be borne in mind when deciding on the additional fertilizer N to be used as a top dressing with a view to increasing yield and, particularly, enhancing wheat protein content and bread-making quality.  相似文献   

17.
A soil management regime that improves water use efficiency (WUE) is urgently required to increase the sustainability of the winter wheat-summer fallow system in the Loess Plateau, China. However, the long-term partitioning of the water balance must be understood in order to evaluate the viability of possible soil management regimes. Therefore, an ecosystem model (CoupModel) was used to explore the effects on components of the water balance of five types of soil management regimes: conventional practice, wheat straw mulching, incorporation of high organic matter contents, compaction, and use of a harvested fallow crop. Three variants of the fallow crop approach were also considered, in which the crop was harvested 15, 30 and 45 days before sowing the wheat (designated Fallow-15d, Fallow-30d and Fallow-45d, respectively). Simulations were used to identify the relative magnitude of soil evaporation, wheat transpiration and deep percolation and to elucidate the temporal variability in these components for a selected location using climate records spanning 45 years. However, the soil management regime significantly influenced the magnitude of every component of the water balance (in terms of minimum, maximum and mean values) over the long periods considered. Consequently, wheat yield and WUE differed significantly among the simulated treatments. Mulching led to significantly lower soil evaporation, higher transpiration, and more frequent and extensive deep percolation than other regimes, thereby improving fallow efficiency (percentage of rainfall stored in the soil during the fallow period at the end of the fallow period), wheat yields and WUE. In contrast, soil compaction gave the opposite results, leading to the most unfavourable partitioning of the water balance reflected in the lowest wheat yield and WUE values of all the regimes. In 90% of the years no deep percolation occurred in the soil compaction simulations. Use of a fallow crop with optimal harvest timing (Fallow-30d) improved partitioning of the water balance (decreased soil evaporation) and did not significantly reduce wheat yield compared with conventional practice. High organic matter contents in the soil also had a positive influence on the water balance and improved wheat yield and WUE relative to conventional practice. Therefore, mulching appears to be the best management practice for the winter wheat-summer fallow system in the Loess Plateau, according to the simulations. Increasing soil organic matter may be the best option if mulching cannot be implemented. The ideal time for harvesting a fallow crop for use as green manure or fodder appears to be ca. 30 days before sowing the winter wheat.  相似文献   

18.
《Field Crops Research》1997,52(3):209-219
A study was carried out over 4 years at two sites in semi-arid, north-west Victoria, Australia, to examine the effect of soil surface management during fallow on water and nitrogen accumulation and their effect on the growth and yield of the subsequent wheat crop. The fallow treatments comprised four combinations of stubble management and tillage in 18-month-long fallows of a fallow-wheat rotation together with a pea-wheat rotation which included an annual short (6 month) tilled summer fallow. The two sites are representative of the major soil types of the region; a chromic vertisol at Dooen and a calcic xerosol at Walpeup. This paper reports observations and analyses of soil water accumulation during the fallow phase. At Dooen, tillage without stubble increased soil water storage, at sowing, on average by 76 mm (range 24–122 mm) above the summer fallow. Stubble retention added a further 52 mm (range 36–65 mm). Zero tillage was beneficial in one year, and was enhanced by the presence of stubble. In contrast, at Walpeup, tillage without stubble provided an average of 37 mm more water at sowing than the summer fallow. Stubble retention without tillage increased water storage by 27 mm in only one year. At both sites the additional water stored due to stubble retention was located deep in the profile to 2.0 m. In general, zero tillage, primarily with stubble retention, offered large and consistent increases in soil water storage on heavy-textured clay soils in a 420-mm rainfall zone. On the lighter, sandy loam soil under the lower rainfall regime (343 mm), the advantage in soil water storage, through both stubble retention and zero tillage, was less frequent.  相似文献   

19.
黄土区旱地覆盖对小麦养分吸收及水分利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为寻找适宜黄土区旱地小麦高效栽培的覆盖方式,通过田间试验研究了几个不同覆盖方式对黄土区旱地冬小麦产量、养分吸收以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,全年地膜全覆盖方式对提高小麦产量、养分吸收和水分利用效率效果最好,该处理下小麦籽粒产量较不覆盖、夏闲期地膜全覆盖和夏闲期地膜麦草行间覆盖等处理分别增加21.9%、21.2%和20.8%,水分利用效率提高17.54%、13.02%和15.65% ,同时籽粒吸收N、P、K总量较不覆盖增加45.7%、23.5%和21.4%,茎叶吸收N、P、K总量较不覆盖增加56.6%、172.9%和52.1%。夏闲期蓄水以夏闲期地膜麦草行间覆盖的效果最好,分别较不覆盖、夏闲期地膜全覆盖和全年地膜全覆盖等处理增加160.25%、39.3%和16.2%。综合考虑不同覆盖方式对小麦增产、养分吸收以及土壤蓄水保墒效果的影响,全年地膜全覆盖是黄土区旱作小麦较佳的栽培方式。  相似文献   

20.
In high productivity zones of Indo-Gangetic Plains in south Asia, the rice–wheat system is stressed due to production fatigue as evidenced by declining soil organic matter content, low efficiency of fertilizer use and diminishing rates of factor productivity. We, therefore, conducted field experiments at Modipuram, India, to conserve soil organic carbon, improve N and P use efficiency, and increase yields of rice–wheat system through inclusion of forage cowpea during the summer before cultivating the rice–wheat system. Cowpea forage harvested at 50 days removed greater amounts of N and P through aboveground biomass than those recycled through belowground roots and nodules. The NO3-N in soil profile below 45 cm depth after wheat harvest was greater under fallow during summer than under cowpea, suggesting that cowpea minimized NO3-N leaching beyond 45 cm depth. Similarly, in the treatments receiving both 120 kg N and 26 kg P ha−1, NO3-N in soil below 45 cm depth was lower compared to those receiving N or P alone. After three crop cycles, soil OC content in 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths was greater compared to initial OC in plots having cowpea. P applied at 26 kg ha−1 increased available P content over initial P content, and also over P content of soil under no P treatments. The available P content was, however, invariably low under summer cowpea plots as compared to that under no cowpea ones. With continuous rice–wheat cropping, the bulk density (BD) of soil increased over the initial BD at different profile-depths, more so at 30–45 cm depth in no cowpea plots, but inclusion of summer cowpea helped decreasing the BD in the surface (0–15 cm) and sub-surface (15–30 and 30–45 cm) soil layers. Summer cowpea grown on residual fertility after wheat harvest did not influence rice yield, but increased wheat grain yield (P<0.05 during the terminal year), when both the crops received fertilizer N and P at recommended rates. Skipping of N or P or both, however, resulted in consistently low yield of these crops under summer cowpea treatments than those under no cowpea treatments, although the differences were not necessarily significant every year. The use efficiency of applied N and P fertilizers in rice and wheat, measured as agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery, was increased with the use of fertilizer N and P at recommended rates, and also with inclusion of summer cowpea.  相似文献   

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