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1.
枸橼C-05是抗溃疡病的柑橘种质资源,柠檬是枸橼的后代,其自交后代可能继承枸橼的抗性基因。为分析柠檬自交群体对柑橘溃疡病的抗感性规律,本研究建立了433株的‘尤力克’柠檬自交后代群体,并利用SSR分子标记对合子胚实生苗进行了鉴定,观察合子胚实生苗和珠心胚实生苗叶片形态学的差异,对所有自交后代离体注射接种柑橘溃疡病菌,初步评价了实生后代对柑橘溃疡病的抗病性差异。结果表明‘尤力克’柠檬存在多胚性,从300对SSR引物中筛选到8对可用于‘尤力克’柠檬合子胚鉴定的引物,共鉴定出合子胚实生苗57株,确定珠心胚实生苗4株。叶形指数、叶尖指数、翼叶长、翼叶宽和叶柄长均不能作为区分‘尤力克’柠檬合子胚实生苗与珠心胚实生苗的形态学标记,但合子胚实生苗的翼叶长度变异幅度大于珠心胚。57株合子胚实生苗离体接种柑橘溃疡病菌后,5株表现为抗病,52株表现为感病;4株珠心胚实生苗均表现为感病;在372株未鉴定清楚的自交后代中,8株表现为抗病,364株表现为感病。本研究表明利用SSR分子标记还不能完全鉴定出‘尤力克’柠檬合子胚植株,可能需要更多的引物或更灵敏的分子标记才能把全部实生后代鉴定出来。利用合子胚自交后代接种鉴定,更有利于分析‘尤力克’柠檬对柑橘溃疡病的抗感性遗传规律,挖掘抗性基因,为柠檬的抗病育种提供种质资源。 相似文献
2.
Identification of citrus hybrids through the combination of leaf apex morphology and SSR markers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Aristides Novac Garcia Mariângela Cristofani Marcos Antônio Machado 《Euphytica》2002,128(3):397-403
Citrus breeding programs normally face several biological obstacles such as apomixis and polyembryony that result in a cumbersome
identification of hybrid seedlings. The main purpose of this work is to describe the combined use of visual selection based
on the leaf apex morphology and SSR analysis to differentiate hybrid from nucellar seedlings derived from the cross between
the ‘Murcott’ tangor [Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] and ‘Pêra’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osb.]. A new morphological variable named leaf apex morphometric index is also described as the quantitative basis of
the visual selection. The efficiency of visual selection of hybrids was tested under two growth conditions, seedlings germinated
in seedbeds and in plastic tubes. Putative hybrid seedlings were also confirmed through the analysis of simple sequence repeats
(SSR). The visual selection of hybrid seedlings resulted in an increase of 87.2% (p < 0.01) and 202.2% (p <0.001) in the number of correctly identified hybrids when compared to the method of random picking of seedlings in seedbeds
and plastic tubes,respectively. The results indicate that the combination of visual selection and SSR analysis for the identification
of hybrids derived from the cross of polyembryonic citrus cultivars will improve the accuracy of the selection,save time,
and reduce the costs involved in the use of molecular markers alone in citrus breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Sex-linked SSR markers in hemp 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hemp is a dioecious plant with sex chromosomes X and Y, the male sex being heterogametic. The quality of the fibre depends on the sex type. The sex chromosomes can be characterized by molecular markers. In this report, sex‐linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are described. One SSR marker was polymorphic in both the populations derived from single crosses, two other markers in but one of the two populations. Three alleles were detected for two SSR markers indicating polymorphism not only between X and Y, but also between different X chromosomes. In addition, several sex‐linked RAPD markers were detected in one population. Recombination within the sex chromosomes was observed for nearly all markers. 相似文献
4.
Feral populations of cultivated crops may act as reservoirs for novel traits and aid in trait movement across the landscape.
Knowledge on the genetic diversity of feral populations may provide new insights into their origin and evolution and may help
in the design of efficient novel trait confinement protocols. In this study, the genetic diversity of 12 feral alfalfa (Medicago sativa) populations originating from southern Manitoba (Canada) and 10 alfalfa cultivars and a M. falcata germplasm were investigated using eight SSR markers (i.e., microsatellites) and 14 phenotypic traits. We found that the genetic
diversity observed in feral populations was similar to the diversity detected among the 10 cultivars. Analysis of molecular
variance revealed that there was great genetic variation within (99.8%) rather than between different feral populations. Cluster
analysis (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average) revealed no differentiation between feral populations and
cultivars for neutral loci. High levels of population differentiation for phenotypic traits (and not for neutral markers)
suggest the occurrence of heterogeneous selection for adaptive traits. The phenotypic traits we studied did not distinctly
separate feral populations from cultivars but there was evidence of natural selection in feral populations for traits including
winter survivability, rhizome production, and prostrate growth habit. Our results suggest that feral alfalfa populations need
to be considered in the risk assessment of alfalfa containing novel genetically modified (GM) traits. Further, feral alfalfa
populations may be regarded as a source of new germplasm for plant improvement. 相似文献
5.
Genetic diversity in 90 Indian soybean cultivars was assessed using 45 SSR markers distributed on 20 soybean chromosomes. Forty-five SSR markers generated 232 alleles with an average of five alleles/locus. The observed frequencies of the 232 alleles ranged from 0.01 to 0.94 with an average of 0.19. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value of the SSR markers varied from 0.10 to 0.83 with an average of 0.61 and about 71% markers have a PIC value of >0.5. In this study, 54 rare alleles including 19 genotype specific alleles were also identified. The observed hetrozygosity for SSR markers ranged from 0 to 0.11 with a mean of 0.10. Cluster analysis grouped the 90 soybean cultivars into three major clusters and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) results were similar to those of the cluster analysis. A combination of eight SSR markers successfully differentiated all 90 soybean cultivars. The population structure analysis distributed the 90 soybean genotypes into two populations with mean alpha (α) value of 0.1873. In AMOVA analysis, proportion of variation within population was high (88%), whereas only 12% occurred among populations. In cluster and structure analyses, most of the genotypes with similar pedigree were grouped together. Soybean cultivars DS228, MACS-13, LSb-1, Hardee, Improved Pelican, and Pusa-24 were the six most genetically distinct cultivars identified. The study reported a moderate genetic diversity in Indian soybean cultivars and findings would be useful to the soybean breeders in selecting genetically distinct parents for a soybean improvement program. 相似文献
6.
为发掘枳橙同源四倍体资源,从而为柑橘砧木遗传改良提供新种质,本研究通过初步的形态学观察,从具多胚性的柑橘重要砧木资源枳橙实生苗群体750个单株中初步筛选出具典型多倍体特征的植株24株,其中流式细胞仪鉴定为枳橙四倍体22株,群体四倍体自然发生率达2.93%。下表皮气孔分析表明枳橙四倍体气孔密度显著低于二倍体对照。对获得的四倍体植株进行了SSR分子鉴定,19对引物扩增结果均显示枳橙四倍体与其二倍体对照的带型完全一致,表明获得的四倍体枳橙均为同源四倍体。本研究表明将形态学初选与流式细胞仪快速鉴定及SSR分析相结合是从多胚性柑橘资源实生群体获得同源四倍体的简便有效途径,本研究发掘的同源四倍体枳橙是柑橘砧木遗传改良相关研究的良好资源。 相似文献
7.
国家冬油菜区试新品种的SSR指纹图谱分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以2006-2007年度全国冬油菜区试的89份参试品种为材料,运用筛选确定的25对多态性好、带纹清晰的SSR引物对这些品种进行分子标记分析,共获得106个多态性片段,平均每对引物4.2个,多态性比率平均达到77.7%,PIC平均值为0.7991,利用106个多态性片段构建了这些品种的SSR指纹图谱。遗传聚类和主成分分析结果显示,在相似系数为0.95时,89份区试品种完全区分开;同一单位育成的品种的遗传距离较近,不同地区或单位育成的品种间遗传距离较大,揭示的遗传结构与品种系谱来源相吻合;除了少数品种外,大部分品种都具有很高的特异性。对不同类型及不同区片的品种（品系）遗传多样性指数分析,结果显示,杂交种的多样性水平要明显高于常规种;长江中游区品种（品系）遗传多样性指数最高,长江上游区和长江下游区次之,黄淮区最低。 相似文献
8.
用RAPD和SSR分子标记鉴定小金海棠F1代
杂种实生苗的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
小金海棠（Malus xiaojinensis）具有多种抗逆特性，是苹果属植物中一种珍贵的野生种质资源。由于小金海棠具有无融合生殖特性，早期准确、快速、有效地鉴定其F1代杂种实生苗对于研究利用其众多抗逆基因具有重要意义。RAPD技术是现有鉴定果树杂种实生苗最为简单、快速和有效的分子标记技术，但RAPD技术本身存在一定的不稳定性。笔者对小金海棠和山荆子（M. baccata）F1代杂交实生苗79个单株进行了RAPD分析，并用SSR标记对RAPD标记的初步鉴定结果进行了进一步的验证。结果显示，RAPD标记鉴定出的杂种实生苗有72.2%得到SSR标记的证实。研究的结果还表明，“叠加”和“新带”两种RAPD带型，结合RAPD标记特异位点数可以为小金海棠F1代杂种实生苗提供可靠的鉴定依据。研究为利用RAPD技术早期快速鉴定果树杂种实生苗提供了新的信息和依据。 相似文献
9.
Zhengjun Xia Hiroko Sato Satoshi Watanabe Shiji Kawasaki Kyuya Harada 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):129-137
We have constructed a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from green leaf protoplasts of the cultivar, Misuzudaizu. The library contains 53,760 clones with an average insert size of 116 kb. About 2.9% chloroplast DNA origin was revealed by PCR and colony hybridization. Apart from 2.8% clones having no insert, this library represents 5.2 genome equivalents. With this genome coverage, the probability of having any DNA sequence represented in the library is higher than 99.5%. Three-dimensional pools of the BAC library in combination with the use of a high efficiency genome scanning (HEGS) electrophoresis facilitate rapid and efficient PCR-based screening. An average of five positive clones were identified after screening the BAC library with SSR and STS markers. BAC-end walking was performed for three SSR associated BACs. This library will provide a good resource for positional cloning of agronomically and biologically important QTL genes that Misuzudaizu possesses. 相似文献
10.
The number of genotypes investigated per population is important for the reliability of diversity studies. The objective of
this study was to determine the sample size for the identification of differences among populations of an outcrossing autotetraploid
species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), using codominantly coded SSR markers. One hundred and twenty genotypes from each of two closely related populations were
analysed with two markers. Twenty random subsamples for each of three sample sizes (10, 20 and 40 genotypes) were built. Compared
to the populations with 120 genotypes, alleles that were no longer present in subsamples with 40 genotypes were mainly rare,
whereas abundant alleles were also excluded in subsamples with 10 genotypes. F
ST values for pairs of subsamples between the two populations were always significantly different based on 40 genotypes, whereas
for 10 genotypes more than half of the pairs were not significantly different. We concluded that 40 genotypes are a reasonable
sample size for diversity studies with closely related populations of tetraploid alfalfa investigated with SSR markers. Twenty
genotypes may be an economical alternative for large scale studies, but 10 genotypes were a too low number for reliable results. 相似文献
11.
开展水稻品种纯度和真实性鉴定对水稻遗传育种和种子生产有着重要的意义。以245个长江中下游主推水稻品种为研究材料,从643个插入缺失（InDel）位点中筛选出124个功能性多态性位点,建立了InDel高效检测体系。进一步利用InDel标记vf0121641804和SSR标记RM7120分析水稻样品的纯度,同时选用覆盖12条染色体的24对InDel引物和48对SSR标准引物分析水稻品种真实性,结果表明,采用InDel标记检测水稻品种纯度和真实性的结果与采用SSR标记检测结果一致,说明水稻功能性InDel标记也可用于水稻品种纯度和品种真实性的鉴定。在此基础上,鉴定了245个水稻品种124个InDel标记的基因型遗传多样性并进行了聚类分析,结果表明,水稻材料间存在明显的群体结构,基本反映了不同品种间的亲缘关系。水稻功能性InDel标记的筛选与应用,不仅为品种纯度和真实性鉴定、遗传多样性分析提供了新方法;而且可用于分子辅助育种,提高强优势组合的预见性。 相似文献
12.
Myriam Lamine Fatma Zohra Rahali Ghaith Hamdaoui Sawsen Selmi Ahmed Mliki Mahmoud Gargouri 《Euphytica》2017,213(2):44
Variation in metabolite composition and content is often observed in citrus, however, it is poorly understood to what extent this variation has a genetic basis. C. aurantium genotypes originating from Tunisia were evaluated to detect genomic (SSR markers) and chemotypic polymorphisms and to discover possible associations between them. A total of fifteen highly polymorphic SSR markers were selected to screen the genetic variability of the most widespread sour orange genotypes. Targeted secondary metabolite profiling analysis generated twenty-one compounds differentially accumulated in the leaves of sour orange genotypes. PCA analysis revealed that genomic and chemotypic data generated similar pattern of clustering, highlighting the intra-specific variability in C. aurantium species. Both data were integrated, leading to the identification of associated SSR alleles with secondary metabolites. Based on results, a relatively high correlation (r = 0.381; p < 0.0001) between chemotypic patterns and genetic markers was identified. Associations between traits of interest for phenolic compounds and genetic markers were tested using statistical methods including three linear model approaches. These results consolidate the presence of a chemical fingerprint that may be suitable for assessing identity and quality of a particular genotype which will be very useful for citrus breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
为了研究豫南地区的野生大豆种质资源分布和种群间的亲缘关系,利用SSR分子标记采用20对引物对豫南地区12份野生大豆进行鉴定和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,20对引物对12份野生大豆共扩增63个等位基因,平均每对引物扩增3.1个等位基因;12份野生大豆在分子水平上发生了一定的遗传变化,聚类结果可以看出,12份材料聚类分成了三大类,SSR分子标记与材料的地理来源并没有明显的相关性。野生大豆的亲缘关系与生长的地理环境、表型性状等具有一定的相关性,同一区域收集到的野生大豆也表现出遗传分化。 相似文献
14.
西藏三联小穗小麦中三联小穗性状控制基因的SSR分子标记定位 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西藏三联小穗小麦是中国西藏地区一种独特的小麦地方品种,拥有特殊的三联小穗性状,超多的小穗数和小花数。分子定位控制三联小穗基因的基因座,发掘与之紧密连锁的分子标记,可为小麦高产育种提供分子标记辅助选择工具。本研究利用西藏三联小穗小麦的衍生系TTSW-5与普通穗型小麦,间3和川麦55,分别构建F2群体,成熟后进行穗部性状的表型分析和SSR基因型鉴定。性状表型遗传分析表明,西藏三联小穗小麦的三联小穗性状由两个独立遗传的隐性基因控制;通过SSR标记鉴定来自TTSW-5/间3组合的F2群体,在2A染色体上检测到1个与三联小穗性状相关的QTL,定位于SSR标记Xgwm275和Xgwm122之间,两标记间的遗传距离为6.6cM,该QTL的LOD值为6.19,可解释的表型变异值为33.1%,初步命名为qTS2A-1。我们推测qTS2A-1可能是控制三联小穗性状相关的主效QTL,SSR标记Xgwm275和Xgwm122可能可用于三联小穗性状的辅助选择。 相似文献
15.
Upit Sarimana Javier Herrero Pratiwi Erika Nurcahyono Indarto Fahmi Wendra Baitha Santika Enrique Ritter Zulhermana Sembiring Dwi Asmono 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):134
A total of 251 Dura cross Pisifera (DxP) hybrid palms from six populations descending from six parental African Pisifera origins and involving 12 progenies were analyzed with 19 selected Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. A total of 110 alleles were produced, ranging from three to eight per SSR, with a mean of 5.8 alleles per SSR locus. Of these, 68.5% were considered shared alleles by more than one population and the remaining 31.5% were population specific alleles. They generated between six and 21 haplotypes in all populations, and depending on the SSR marker, between one and 10 haplotypes within populations. Various parameters for analyzing genetic variability, differentiation and genetic structure were computed using GenAlEx, Structure and Darwin software. The obtained results confirmed microsatellites as a robust, feasible and trustful method for obtaining DNA fingerprints, tracing the source of oil palm samples. With respect to the authenticity of materials or for solving legitimacy issues, accession belonging to each population by SSR markers could be distinguished, but additional SSR should be screened for improving this process. 相似文献
16.
In several autogamous and vegetatively propagated crops, DNA markers have been used for cultivar identification. However,
allogamous crops such as bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) are recalcitrant to marker-aided cultivar identification, as well as hybrid seed purity tests, due to the high degree
of genetic heterogeneity within each cultivar. To aid cultivar identification and ensure its accuracy in bunching onion, we
proposed the “SSR-tagged breeding” scheme in our previous study. The feasibility of this scheme was investigated here using
a landrace of bunching onion with two populations tagged with two or four selected SSR markers. Compared with a control population,
no significant differences were detected in the agronomic traits of the SSR-tagged populations. The targeted SSR loci were
genetically uniform within each population whereas other loci maintained high heterogeneity. These results demonstrate that
the SSR-tagged breeding scheme, even with a very small number of markers, is efficient for the identification of newly bred
cultivars, and consequently for F1 purity tests, in allogamous crops in which inbreeding depression is as severe as in bunching onion. 相似文献
17.
A set of simple sequence repeat (SSR or microsatellite) markers was used to discriminate a collection of 33 Spinacia oleracea hybrid cultivars from seven different breeding stations all over the world. All SSR markers were genic microsatellite markers located in coding or non-coding regions of genes of known function. Cluster analysis based on 13 of the SSR markers showed that the spinach hybrids grouped into three clusters. The first two clusters consisted of European spinach types, which were well discriminated according to their origin from different breeding stations. The third cluster was a mixture of Asian as well as European types of spinach. Subclusters in this group did not reflect differences in morphology, earliness or company origin. The data show that genic microsatellites are a powerful tool for discrimination of spinach cultivars. 相似文献
18.
LIU Rong WANG Fang FANG Li YANG Tao ZHANG Hong-Yan HUANG Yu-Ning WANG Dong JI Yi-Shan XU Dong-Xu LI Guan GUO Rui-Jun ZONG Xu-Xiao 《作物学报》2020,46(10):1496-1506
豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)是一种重要的食用豆类作物,在全世界范围内广泛种植,既可作为人类食物,也可作为牲畜饲料。用SSR标记构建的遗传连锁图谱在豌豆和其他作物的标记辅助育种中发挥着重要的作用。尽管对豌豆遗传连锁作图的研究已有悠久历史,但公众可获得且可转移的SSR标记以及基于遗传独特的中国豌豆种质的高密度遗传连锁图谱仍然有限。为了获得更多可转移的SSR标记和中国豌豆的高密度遗传连锁图谱,本研究首先从自主开发和文献获取的12,491个全基因组SSR标记中筛选了617个多态性SSR标记,并用于G0003973×G0005527 F_2群体遗传连锁图谱的加密。加密后的图谱全长扩展到5330.6 cM,包含603个SSR标记,标记平均间距离8.8 cM,相比之前的图谱有明显改善。基于上述结果,我们又筛选了119个具有多态性的SSR标记,用于构建大样本W6-22600×W6-15174 F_2群体的遗传连锁图谱,新图谱累积长度为1127.1 cM,包含118个SSR标记,装配在7条连锁群上。最后,将来自以上2个遗传图谱的数据进行整合,得到了一张覆盖范围6592.6 cM的整合图谱,包含668个SSR标记,由509个基因组SSR、134个EST-SSR和25个锚定标记组成,分布在7条连锁群上。这些SSR标记和遗传连锁图谱将为豌豆的遗传研究和标记辅助育种提供有力工具。 相似文献
19.
陆地棉繁殖群体大小对遗传完整性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用形态标记和SSR分子标记技术分析了澳L23/757(鸡脚叶)、中棉所19(正常叶)、红桃(红叶)的25、50、100、150株不同自然授粉繁殖群体的遗传完整性。结果表明,3个种质间的形态标记的天然异交率和SSR标记遗传纯度有显著差异,但4个群体大小间的天然异交率和SSR标记遗传纯度的差异均不显著。说明棉花繁殖群体为25株时,可作为棉花种质繁殖更新过程中的最低繁殖群体量,能较好地保持繁殖种质的遗传完整性。 相似文献
20.
评价广东省肇庆地区地方柑橘品种与其它部分柑橘属和近缘属植物的亲缘关系,为其分类和育种提供理论依据。从34对柑橘SSR引物中筛选到13对多态性较好的SSR引物,对8份肇庆地方柑橘品种和22份柑橘属、枳属、酒饼簕属植物材料进行PCR扩增,并采用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,用遗传相似性和聚类分析等方法分析检测结果。13对引物共扩增出83条谱带,多态检出率为100%,通过聚类分析能够有效的区分柑橘属、枳属和酒饼簕属,以及柑橘属内的种、品种甚至品系。结果表明SSR分子标记技术能够用于肇庆柑橘种质资源分类地位研究,并且供试的肇庆地方柑橘品种亲缘关系较近。 相似文献