共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Translating stem and progenitor cell biology to the clinic: barriers and opportunities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Weissman IL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5457):1442-1446
Stem cells are the natural units of embryonic generation, and also adult regeneration, of a variety of tissues. Recently, the list of tissues that use the model of differentiation from stem to progenitor to mature cell has increased from blood to include a variety of tissues, including both central and peripheral nervous systems and skeletal muscle; it is also possible that all organs and tissues are derived from, and still contain, stem cells. Because the number and activities of stem cells and their progeny are homeostatically regulated, clinical stem cell transplantation could greatly add to the physician's armamentarium against degenerative diseases. 相似文献
2.
Takeda N Jain R LeBoeuf MR Wang Q Lu MM Epstein JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6061):1420-1424
Intestinal epithelial stem cell identity and location have been the subject of substantial research. Cells in the +4 niche are slow-cycling and label-retaining, whereas a different stem cell niche located at the crypt base is occupied by crypt base columnar (CBC) cells. CBCs are distinct from +4 cells, and the relationship between them is unknown, though both give rise to all intestinal epithelial lineages. We demonstrate that Hopx, an atypical homeobox protein, is a specific marker of +4 cells. Hopx-expressing cells give rise to CBCs and all mature intestinal epithelial lineages. Conversely, CBCs can give rise to +4 Hopx-positive cells. These findings demonstrate a bidirectional lineage relationship between active and quiescent stem cells in their niches. 相似文献
3.
对人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)的来源、培养方法、建系条件、生物学特性和鉴定方法、遗传操作及其需解决的问题进行了讨论。提出目前研究的重点在于揭示维持ES细胞多能性和自我更新的机理,进一步优化人类和其他哺乳动物类ES细胞的分离、培养、建系方法,探讨其定向分化机理,建立胚胎干细胞(ESCs)和胚胎生殖细胞(EGCs)的大规模快速扩增技术;完善hESCs向重要功能细胞(生殖细胞)分化的体系;单细胞比对分析ESCs、畸胎瘤细胞(ECSs)、EGCs、类胚体(EBs)、各级生殖细胞和成体细胞的基因及蛋白表达图谱,以探求生殖细胞、成体细胞、ESCs、ECSs、EGCs的本质区别,积极开展将ES细胞用于治疗人类疾病模型的研究。 相似文献
4.
广藿香2种表皮毛的发育解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过石蜡切片及扫描电镜观察发现：广藿香的茎、叶上密集分布着腺毛和非腺毛2种表皮毛,二者的外部形态及发育过程明显不同．根据腺毛头部形状可把腺毛分为盾状腺毛和头状腺毛,二者均发生得很早,它们的原始细胞都来源于原表皮,一般在茎尖第1和第2片叶原基的原表皮细胞以及茎的1～2节间原表皮细胞中开始发生．其发育过程可分为原始细胞形成期、基细胞形成期、柄细胞形成期和头部的形成4个阶段．非腺毛的发生晚于腺毛,但发生时期却较长．它一般在第2对幼叶上开始发生,而且在成熟叶和具初生结构茎上也可发生、发育．原始细胞产生后,开始进行平周分裂,形成基细胞核头部细胞,头部细胞经一次或多次分裂发育形成非腺毛的数个子细胞． 相似文献
5.
Tropepe V Coles BL Chiasson BJ Horsford DJ Elia AJ McInnes RR van der Kooy D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5460):2032-2036
The mature mammalian retina is thought to lack regenerative capacity. Here, we report the identification of a stem cell in the adult mouse eye, which represents a possible substrate for retinal regeneration. Single pigmented ciliary margin cells clonally proliferate in vitro to form sphere colonies of cells that can differentiate into retinal-specific cell types, including rod photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, and Müller glia. Adult retinal stem cells are localized to the pigmented ciliary margin and not to the central and peripheral retinal pigmented epithelium, indicating that these cells may be homologous to those found in the eye germinal zone of other nonmammalian vertebrates. 相似文献
6.
A key process in organ homeostasis is the mobilization of stem cells out of their niches. We show through analysis of mouse models that telomere length, as well as the catalytic component of telomerase, Tert, are critical determinants in the mobilization of epidermal stem cells. Telomere shortening inhibited mobilization of stem cells out of their niche, impaired hair growth, and resulted in suppression of stem cell proliferative capacity in vitro. In contrast, Tert overexpression in the absence of changes in telomere length promoted stem cell mobilization, hair growth, and stem cell proliferation in vitro. The effects of telomeres and telomerase on stem cell biology anticipate their role in cancer and aging. 相似文献
7.
由仔猪脑部海马体齿状回分离得到神经干细胞,利用无血清培养基添加特定生长因子方式培养;采用RT-PCR鉴定神经干细胞和诱导分化后细胞生物特性;利用免疫荧光化学技术检测克隆的细胞抗原和分化后特异性成熟神经细胞抗原表达。由海马体齿状回分离的细胞群具有连续克隆能力;根据免疫荧光检测,脑神经干细胞表达巢蛋白、配对盒因子6和解整合素样金属蛋白酶10;体外培养下NSCs可被诱导分化为神经源性细胞,且表达微管相关蛋白2、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和髓鞘碱性蛋白。分离和培育NSCs细胞结果显示,其具有更新能力和分化为神经元和胶质细胞的潜能,可为干细胞移植提供基础数据。 相似文献
8.
Endothelial cells stimulate self-renewal and expand neurogenesis of neural stem cells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shen Q Goderie SK Jin L Karanth N Sun Y Abramova N Vincent P Pumiglia K Temple S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5675):1338-1340
Neural stem cells are reported to lie in a vascular niche, but there is no direct evidence for a functional relationship between the stem cells and blood vessel component cells. We show that endothelial cells but not vascular smooth muscle cells release soluble factors that stimulate the self-renewal of neural stem cells, inhibit their differentiation, and enhance their neuron production. Both embryonic and adult neural stem cells respond, allowing extensive production of both projection neuron and interneuron types in vitro. Endothelial coculture stimulates neuroepithelial cell contact, activating Notch and Hes 1 to promote self-renewal. These findings identify endothelial cells as a critical component of the neural stem cell niche. 相似文献
9.
How stem cells are recruited to and maintained in their niches is crucial to understanding their regulation and use in regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate that DE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is required for anchoring germline stem cells (GSCs) in their niches in the Drosophila ovary. Two major components of this adhesion process, DE-cadherin and Armadillo/beta-catenin, accumulate at high levels in the junctions between GSCs and cap cells, one of the niche components. Removal of these proteins from GSCs results in stem cell loss. Furthermore, DE-cadherin is required for recruiting GSCs to their niche. Our study demonstrates that anchorage of GSCs in their niche by DE-cadherin-mediated adhesion is important for stem cell maintenance and function. 相似文献
10.
Depletion of CD4+ T cells in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
M J Grusby R S Johnson V E Papaioannou L H Glimcher 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5026):1417-1420
The maturation of T cells in the thymus is dependent on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. By disruption of the MHC class II Ab beta gene in embryonic stem cells, mice were generated that lack cell surface expression of class II molecules. These MHC class II-deficient mice were depleted of mature CD4+ T cells and were deficient in cell-mediated immune responses. These results provide genetic evidence that class II molecules are required for the maturation and function of mature CD4+ T cells. 相似文献
11.
Male germline stem cells: from mice to men 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Brinster RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5823):404-405
The production of functional male gametes is dependent on the continuous activity of germline stem cells. The availability of a transplantation assay system to unequivocally identify male germline stem cells has allowed their in vitro culture, cryopreservation, and genetic modification. Moreover, the system has enabled the identification of conditions and factors involved in stem cell self-renewal, the foundation of spermatogenesis, and the production of spermatozoa. The increased knowledge about these cells is also of great potential practical value, for example, for the possible cryopreservation of stem cells from boys undergoing treatment for cancer to safeguard their germ line. 相似文献
12.
Cheng T Rodrigues N Shen H Yang Y Dombkowski D Sykes M Scadden DT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5459):1804-1808
Relative quiescence is a defining characteristic of hematopoietic stem cells, while their progeny have dramatic proliferative ability and inexorably move toward terminal differentiation. The quiescence of stem cells has been conjectured to be of critical biologic importance in protecting the stem cell compartment, which we directly assessed using mice engineered to be deficient in the G1 checkpoint regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21cip1/waf1 (p21). In the absence of p21, hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and absolute number were increased under normal homeostatic conditions. Exposing the animals to cell cycle-specific myelotoxic injury resulted in premature death due to hematopoietic cell depletion. Further, self-renewal of primitive cells was impaired in serially transplanted bone marrow from p21-/- mice, leading to hematopoietic failure. Therefore, p21 is the molecular switch governing the entry of stem cells into the cell cycle, and in its absence, increased cell cycling leads to stem cell exhaustion. Under conditions of stress, restricted cell cycling is crucial to prevent premature stem cell depletion and hematopoietic death. 相似文献
13.
Genes associated with Hirschsprung disease, a failure to form enteric ganglia in the hindgut, were highly up-regulated in gut neural crest stem cells relative to whole-fetus RNA. One of these genes, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor Ret, was necessary for neural crest stem cell migration in the gut. GDNF promoted the migration of neural crest stem cells in culture but did not affect their survival or proliferation. Gene expression profiling, combined with reverse genetics and analyses of stem cell function, suggests that Hirschsprung disease is caused by defects in neural crest stem cell function. 相似文献
14.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and TGF-beta-related proteins, such as the bone morphogenetic proteins, have emerged as key regulators of stem cell renewal and differentiation. These proteins have disparate roles in regulating the biology of embryonic stem cells and tumor suppression, and they help define the selection of cell fate and the progression of differentiation along a lineage. Here we illustrate their roles in embryonic stem cells and in the differentiation of neural, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and gastrointestinal epithelial stem cells. 相似文献
15.
Isolation of single human hematopoietic stem cells capable of long-term multilineage engraftment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Notta F Doulatov S Laurenti E Poeppl A Jurisica I Dick JE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6039):218-221
Lifelong blood cell production is dependent on rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to perpetually replenish mature cells via a series of lineage-restricted intermediates. Investigating the molecular state of HSCs is contingent on the ability to purify HSCs away from transiently engrafting cells. We demonstrated that human HSCs remain infrequent, using current purification strategies based on Thy1 (CD90) expression. By tracking the expression of several adhesion molecules in HSC-enriched subsets, we revealed CD49f as a specific HSC marker. Single CD49f(+) cells were highly efficient in generating long-term multilineage grafts, and the loss of CD49f expression identified transiently engrafting multipotent progenitors (MPPs). The demarcation of human HSCs and MPPs will enable the investigation of the molecular determinants of HSCs, with a goal of developing stem cell-based therapeutics. 相似文献
16.
Phillips RL Ernst RE Brunk B Ivanova N Mahan MA Deanehan JK Moore KA Overton GC Lemischka IR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5471):1635-1640
Blood cell production originates from a rare population of multipotent, self-renewing stem cells. A genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed in order to define regulatory pathways in stem cells as well as their global genetic program. Subtracted complementary DNA libraries from highly purified murine fetal liver stem cells were analyzed with bioinformatic and array hybridization strategies. A large percentage of the several thousand gene products that have been characterized correspond to previously undescribed molecules with properties suggestive of regulatory functions. The complete data, available in a biological process-oriented database, represent the molecular phenotype of the hematopoietic stem cell. 相似文献
17.
为探索不同品种橡胶树幼龄树耐寒性与成龄树枝条韧皮部纤维形态、树皮抗拉伸性能之间的关系，分析不同品种橡胶树耐寒性与其相应生理、生物力学指标的相关性，从而比较不同品种橡胶树耐寒性的差异，以期建立不同品种橡胶树幼龄树茎段与成龄树枝条树皮相应指标之间的联系，并从细胞结构及树皮生物力学角度研究橡胶树耐寒性机理。以热研7-33-97、PB86、IAN873、大丰95、云研77-2等5个橡胶树品种1年生芽接苗茎段及相应品种成龄树2年生枝条树皮为材料，测定低温梯度下茎段韧皮部电导率及枝条韧皮部纤维形态、树皮抗拉伸性能指标，利用Logistic方程确定其低温半致死温度(LT50)的大小，得出不同品种耐寒性，并采用Spearman相关性分析法，得出LT50与韧皮部纤维形态指标、树皮抗拉伸性能之间的相关性。结果表明，5个橡胶树品种韧皮部相对电导率呈“S”形曲线变化，相对电导率与胁迫温度之间呈极显著负相关，5个品种LT50分别为-2.075℃、-2.240℃、-1.923℃、-1.900℃、-2.186℃;5个品种纤维长度在2 921.013～... 相似文献
18.
精原干细胞可以体外培养、冷冻保存、遗传操作及移植，因而在医学、生物学及动物科学方面均有广泛应用前景。根据现有资料阐述一些因素，包括c-Kit受体及其配体SCF、白血病抑制因子（LIF）、维生素A（VA）、表皮生长因子（EGF）、胶质细胞源神经营养因子（GDNF）、激素和温度，对精原干细胞更新分化的影响。 相似文献
19.
胚胎干细胞与胚胎生殖细胞同属于胚胎源的多潜能干细胞。胚胎干细胞是从附置前胚胎内细胞团分离而来的,而胚胎生殖细胞来自胎儿原始生殖细胞。二者在现代生命科学的各个领域都有着广阔的应用前景。对胚胎生殖细胞的特性,胚胎干细胞与胚胎生殖细胞的异同以及二者的应用前景作一综述。 相似文献
20.
目的:探讨小鼠胚胎中脑分离神经干细胞的体外培养方法,以获取高纯度的神经干细胞,为神经干细胞的深入研究提供试验材料。方法:无菌条件下分离孕12~13 d小鼠胚胎中脑曲,制成单细胞悬液,碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)和B27存在的培养基中培养扩增,通过免疫细胞化学染色鉴定神经干细胞及子代细胞的分化方向,流式细胞术检测TH阳性神经元比例。结果:培养的部分细胞体外分裂增殖,同时表达神经干细胞特异性抗原nestin,并向神经细胞和胶质细胞分化并经流式细胞仪检测自然分化为多巴胺能神经元的比例为3.25%。结论:小鼠胚脑中脑存在具有多分化潜能的神经干细胞,它们能在体外稳定培养、传代和分化。 相似文献